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Effects of Applied Stresses on Martensite Transformation in AISI4340 Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第6期14卷 63-67页

作者： zhao hong zhuang Seok-jae LEE Young-kook LEE liu xiang-hua wang guo-dong State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning China Department of Metallurgical Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 South Korea

This study aims at the experimental analysis of the transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） phenomenon. Experiments are conducted in which martensite is allowed to grow under the influence of a series of externally applied stresses. The magnitude of the applied stresses is less than 67% of the yield strength of austenite σγ （Ts）. Since there is no obvious difference between the transformation plasticity under tension and the compression for the lower applied stresses, only compressive stresses are applied. The results confirm that the transformation plasticity is proportional to the applied stress if the latter does not exceed 67 % of σγ （Ts）. The TRiP-strain, the kinetics, and their dependence on the applied stresses are studied. The comparison between calculated results and experimental results shows that the model accurately describes the phenomenon.

关键词： applied stress TRIP martensite transformation low-alloy steel

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang liu Mingjun liu Xing liu Yuan liu Zhu liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng wang Song wang Tinggui wang Zhongxiang wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan liu Heyang liu huaqiu liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao wang Juan wang Lei wang Wenxin wang Yilong wang Yusa wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang donghua zhao Haisheng zhao Xiaofan zhao Zijian zhao hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Characteristics of AZ31 Mg alloy joint using automatic TIG welding

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第1期24卷 102-108页

作者： hong-tao liu Ji-xue Zhou dong-qing zhao Yun-teng liu Jian-hua Wu Yuan-sheng Yang Bai-chang Ma Hai-hua zhuang Shandong Key Laboratory for High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials Advanced Materials InstituteShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250014China Shandong Engineering Research Center for Lightweight Automobiles Magnesium Alloys Advanced Materials InstituteShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250014China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The automatic tungsten-inert gas welding（ATIGW） of AZ31 Mg alloys was performed using a six-axis robot. The evolution of the microstructure and texture of the AZ31 auto-welded joints was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The ATIGW process resulted in coarse recrystallized grains in the heat affected zone（HAZ） and epitaxial growth of columnar grains in the fusion zone（FZ）. Substantial changes of texture between the base material（BM） and the FZ were detected. The {0002} basal plane in the BM was largely parallel to the sheet rolling plane, whereas the c-axis of the crystal lattice in the FZ inclined approximately 25° with respect to the welding direction. The maximum pole density increased from 9.45 in the BM to 12.9 in the FZ. The microhardness distribution, tensile properties, and fracture features of the AZ31 auto-welded joints were also investigated.

关键词： magnesium alloys TIG welding microstructure texture microhardness

A lithium–tin fluoride anode enabled by ionic/electronic conductive paths for garnet-based solid-state lithium metal batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 575-587页

作者： Lei Zhang Qian-Kun Meng xiang-Ping Feng Ming Shen Yu-Qing Zhang Quan-Chao zhuang Run-guo Zheng Zhi-Yuan wang Yan-hua Cui hong-Yu Sun Yan-guo liu School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao066004China School of Materials and Physics China University of Mining&TechnologyXuzhou221116China Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900China

The high energy density and stability of solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)have garnered great ***-type oxides,especially Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO),with high ionic conductivity,wide electrochemical window,and stability to Li metal anode,are promising solid-state electrolyte(SSEs)materials for ***,Li/LLZTO interface issues including high interface resistance,inhomogeneous Li deposition,and Li dendrite growth have hindered the practical application of ***,a multi-functional Li–SnF_(2) composite anode with Li,LiF,and Li-Sn alloy was specifically designed and *** composite anode improves the wettability to LLZTO,constructing an intimate contact interface between it and ***,ionic/electronic conductive paths in situ formed at the interface can effectively uniform Li deposition and suppress Li *** solid-state symmetric cell exhibits low interface resistance(11Ω·cm^(2)) and high critical current density(1.3 mA·cm^(−2))at 25℃.The full SSLMB based on LiFePO_(4) or LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2) cathode also shows stable cycling performance and high rate *** work provides a new composite anode strategy for achieving high-energy density and high-safety SSLMBs.

关键词： Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs) Lithium-tin fluoride anode Ionic/electronic conductive Interface resistance Lithium dendrite

Identification of pollution sources in river based on particle swarm optimization

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第6期33卷 1303-1315页

作者： Guang-han Zhang Xiao-dong liu Si Wu Zu-lin hua Li zhao hong-qin Xue Peng wang Key Laboratory ofIntegrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake ofMinistry of Education College of EnvironmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China School of Civil Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Jiangsu Environmental Industry CO. LTDNanjing 210037China

The pollution sources identification model is presented by the coupling of the river water quality model and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to estimate pollution sources from the measured/simulated contaminant concentration in the ***“twin experiment”is adopted to verify the feasibility of the identification model,and three cases are constructed to explore the results of the identification model in different *** experiment test demonstrated that the identification model is effective and efficient,while the model can accurately figure out the quantities of the pollutants and position of a single pollution source or multiple sources,with the relative error of the mean is less than 3%.Many factors are explored,including the level of random disturbance and the impact of particle population *** outcome showed that the disturbance level is less than 5%,thus the precision is preferable,and when the number of particles is three,the identification is the *** performing multiple sources,identification of multiple sets of monitoring sections respectively can obtain more accurate results with less *** this paper,the optimization method of the inverse problem is applied to the identification of river pollution sources,which can help us to identify pollution sources and provide us a scientific basis for subsequent water pollution control and prevention.

关键词： Identification model particle swarm optimization(PSO)optimization source identification surface water

Defect passivation strategy for inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell with a high-efficiency of 16.77%

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 40-46页

作者： hua Zhang Jia zhuang Xingchong liu Zhu Ma Heng guo Ronghong Zheng Shuangshuang zhao Fu Zhang Zheng Xiao Hanyu wang Haimin Li School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Institute of Photovoltaic Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

All-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have acquired great progress,especially ***,their photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)remains far below the theoretical ***-radiative recombination is one of the important issues affecting the photoelectric performance of the PSCs,and the defective lead ions derived from the evaporation of halide ions in the inorganic perovskite are the principal non-radiative recombination ***,the non-radiative recombination is effectively suppressed by introducing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)as a Lewis base molecule to passivate the defective lead ***,by adjusting the dosage of NMP,the smooth and pinhole-free CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film is obtained and the optimized device exhibits a champion PCE of 16.77%with an excellent fill factor(FF)of *** work proves the effectiveness of passivation using Lewis base molecules to prevent non-radiative recombination defects in inorganic perovskite.

关键词： All-inorganic perovskite CsPbI2Br Defect passivation Pb-O bond High PCE

Niobium and phosphorus behavior during melting-separation process of pre-reduced niobium ore concentrate

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第7期24卷 691-696页

作者： Yu-bao liu Zhi-hong Zhang Er-xiong zhao Xian-heng Zhang Xiao-qing wang guo-hua Chen Inner Mongolia Niobium Metallurgical Engineering Laboratory Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization

The pre-reduced Bayan Obo ferroniobium（FeNb）ore concentrate block was taken as raw materials for studying the physical properties of niobium-enriched slag and changes in niobium recovery *** addition,the dephosphorization rate of the slag under different melting-separation conditions was investigated using the melting-separation *** research results demonstrate that（i）the niobium recovery rate and dephosphorization rate of the slag decrease with the increase in melting-separation temperature;（ii）the niobium recovery rate of the slag initially increases and then decreases with increase in basicity and time;and（iii）the dephosphorization rate of the slag increases with the increase in basicity and *** the test was performed under the conditions of basicity of 0.6-0.7,time of 7-10min,and temperature of 1400-1450°C,the niobium recovery rate and dephosphorization rate are over 96%and 95%,*** scanning electron microscopy,it is observed that niobium mainly exists in the form of calcium and titanium silicate within the slag phase,with uneven distribution.

关键词： Melting separation Pre-reduced niobium ore concentrate Niobium-enriched slag Iron Dephosphorization rate Niobium recovery rate

Highly stable perovskite solar cells with a novel Ni-based metal organic complex as dopant-free hole-transporting material

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 312-318页

作者： Tai Wu Linqin wang Rongjun zhao Rongshan zhuang Kanghong zhao Gaoyuan liu Jing huang Licheng Sun Yong hua Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials&Technology International Joint Research Center for Optoelectronic and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyYunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024ZhejiangChina Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024ZhejiangChina Department of Applied Physics KTH-Royal Institute of Technology16440 StockholmSweden

Hole-transporting material(HTM)plays a paramount role in enhancing the photovltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Currently,the vast majority of these HTMs employed in PSCs are organic small molecules and polymers,yet the use of organic metal complexes in PSCs applications remains less *** date,most of reported HTMs require additional chemical additives(***-TFSI,t-TBP)towards high performance,however,the introduction of additives decrease the PSCs device ***,an organic metal complex(Ni-TPA)is first developed as a dopant-free HTM applied in PSCs for its facile synthesis and efficient hole extract/transfer ***,the dopant-free Ni-TPAbased device achieves a champion efficiency of 17.89%,which is superior to that of pristine Spiro-OMeTAD(14.25%).Furthermore,we introduce a double HTM layer with a graded energy bandgap containing a Ni-TPA layer and a CuSCN layer into PSCs,the non-encapsulated PSCs based on the Ni-TPA/CuSCN layers affords impressive efficiency up to 20.39%and maintains 96%of the initial PCE after 1000 h at a relative humidity around 40%.The results have demonstrated that metal organic complexes represent a great promise for designing new dopant-free HTMs towards highly stable PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cell Hole transporting material Organic metal complex Dopant-free

Reliability testing and reliability analysis of the over-load protective relay

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第3期8卷 475-480页

作者： zhao Jing-ying CHEN hong-jian liu guo-jin ZHANG Yong WU Pin-hua Postdoctoral Research Work Station Delixi Group Co. Ltd Wenzhou 325604 China Electrieal Apparatus Institute Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China

The over-load protective relay is widely used directly affects the safe running of a motor. The reliability for motor protection. The reliability of the over-load protective relay testing and reliability analysis of the over-load protective relay is an important way to improve the reliability of products. In this paper, the reliability test method of the over-load protective relay is studied, and the reliability tests of the typical products are carried out on a reliability tester developed by authors. In terms of the testing results, the reliability analysis is finished. The failure reasons are found and the measures are put forward to improve the reliability of the products.

关键词： Over-load protective relay Protective success analysis ratio Sampling and checking plan Reliability testing Reliability analysis