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The Hydrochar Characters of Municipal Sewage Sludge Under Different Hydrothermal Temperatures and Durations

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 471-482页

作者： ZHANG Jin-hong LIN Qi-mei zhao xiao-rong Department of Soil and Water Science College of Resource and Environment China Agricultural University

Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation （HTC） shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures （190 and 260~C） and reaction hours （1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h）. The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR） confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm^3 g^-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.

关键词： municipal sewage sludge hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar

Does Biochar Addition Influence the Change Points of Soil Phosphorus Leaching?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 499-506页

作者： zhao xiao-rong LI Dan KONG Juan LIN Qi-mei College of Resource and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

Phosphorus change point indicating the threshold related to P leaching, largely depends on soil properties. Increasing data have shown that biochar addition can improve soil retention capacity of ions. However, we have known little about weather biochar amendment influence the change point of P leaching. In this study, two soils added with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 g biochar kg-1 were incubated at 25℃ for 14 d following adjusting the soil moisture to 50% water-holding capacity （WHC）. The soils with different available P values were then obtained by adding a series of KH2PO4 solution （ranging from 0 to 600 mg P kg-1 soil）, and subjecting to three cycles of drying and rewetting. The results showed that biochar addition significantly lifted the P change points in the tested soils, together with changes in soil pH, organic C, Olen-P and CaC12-P but little on exchangeable Ca and Mg, oxalate-extractable Fe and Al. The Olsen-P at the change points ranged from 48.65 to 185.07 mg kg-1 in the alluvial soil and 71.25 to 98.65 mg kg^-1 in the red soil, corresponding to CaCl2-P of 0.31-6.49 and 0.18-0.45 mg L~, respectively. The change points of the alluvial soil were readily changed by adding biochar compared with that of the red soil. The enhancement of change points was likely to be explained as the improvement of phosphate retention ability in the biochar-added soils.

关键词： biochar soil phosphorus change point

Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 525-532页

作者： LIANG Feng LI Gui-tong LIN Qi-mei zhao xiao-rong College of Resources and Environment China Agricultural University

It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were： 1） straw incorporation; 2） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3）, 4） and 5） straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha-l, respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased significantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the first 4 growing seasons was significantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density significantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha^-1. Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or significant impacts on nutrient availability.

关键词： biochar calcareous soil crop yield soil pH long-term effect

The ciliate protozoan Colpoda cucullus can improve maize growth by transporting soil phosphates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第3期21卷 855-861页

作者： ZHANG Wen-li LIN Qi-mei LI Gui-tong zhao xiao-rong College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China

Little is known regarding the ability of protozoans to transfer phosphates and improve maize *** objective of this study was to determine whether Colpoda cucullus could improve the maize phosphorus(P) level by transferring *** this three-compartment root box study,the soil in the outer compartment was inoculated with the common ciliate,***,together with the addition of either KH_(2)^(32)PO_(4),rock phosphate(RP),super phosphate(SP) or ammonium phosphate(AP),and then maize was grown in the inner *** results showed that the maize plants grown in the soil inoculated with *** had much higher ^(32)P radioactivity than the *** cucullus inoculation resulted in significant increases in dry matter by up to 25.07%,and nitrogen(N),P and potassium(K) absorption by 1–36%(P<0.05).Soil available P in the inner compartment of the root box was also enhanced by at least 30% due to the ciliate inoculation(P<0.05).It was therefore suggested that phosphates might be transported from the outer to inner compartments by the inoculated *** and then absorbed by the maize plant.

关键词： Colpoda cucullus root box ^(32)P phosphate fertilizer maize

Improvement to Maize Growth Caused by Biochars Derived From Six Feedstocks Prepared at Three Different Temperatures

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 533-540页

作者： LUO Yu JIAO Yu-jie zhao xiao-rong LI Gui-tong zhao Li-xin MENG Hai-bo Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue Ministry of Agriculture/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

Biochar is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, different biochars were produced from 6 feedstocks, including straw and poultry manure, at 3 pyrolysis temperatures （200, 300 and 500℃） and then added separately to a calcareous soil. Their effects on soil properties and maize growth were evaluated in a pot experiment. The biochars derived from crop straw had much higher C but smaller N concentrations than those derived from poultry manure. Carbon concentrations, pH and EC values increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar addition resulted in increases in mean maize dry matter of 12.73% and NPK concentrations of 30, 33 and 283%, respectively. Mean soil pH values were increased by 0.45 units. The biochar-amended soils had 44, 55, 254 and 537% more organic C, total N, Olsen-P and available K, respectively, than the control on average. Both feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature determined the characteristics of the biochar. Biochars with high mineral concentrations may act as mineral nutrient supplements.

关键词： biochar feedstock temperature maize soil

Steam explosion of crop straws improves the characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第7期18卷 1486-1495页

作者： CHEN Xue-jiao LIN Qi-mei Muhammad Rizwan zhao xiao-rong LI Gui-tong College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China) Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationBeijing 100193P.R.China

Five crop straws (wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210℃, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500℃ for 2 h. Steam explosion (SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws. The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times. After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity (AEC) (6.88–11.44 cmol kg–1) and point of zero net charges (PZNC) (pH 3.61–5.32) values. It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption. In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well. Further work is required for testing its application in soil.

关键词： crop straws steam explosion biochar characterization

Contrasting resilience of soil microbial biomass,microbial diversity and ammonification enzymes under three applied soil fumigants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第10期19卷 2561-2570页

作者： SUN Zhen-cai LI Gui-tong ZHANG Cheng-lei WANG Zhi-min LIN Qi-mei zhao xiao-rong College of Agronomy China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100193P.R.China College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100190P.R.China

Fumigation is a widely applied approach to mitigate the soil-borne ***,the potential effects of currently applied fumigants on ammonification remain *** 84-day incubation experiment was conducted based on non-fumigated soil(CK)and fumigated soil using three common fumigants,i.e.,chloropicrin(CP),1,3-dichloropropene(1,3-D),and metam sodium(MS).The results showed that,the three fumigants all decreased the microbial C,and the largest reduction(84.7%)occurred with the application of *** fumigation,the microbial diversity in the CP treatment rapidly recovered,but that in the 1,3-D treatment decreased and did not recover by the end of the *** application of MS showed no impact on the microbial diversity during the assay,indicating that significantly different microbial diversity can be achieved by choosing different ***,the three fumigants showed divergent effects on the enzymes involved in *** analysis showed that the enzyme variation with CP application was mainly associated with the changed microbial C and N(P<0.05),and not with the microbial community,which was different from the observed effects of 1,3-D or MS *** addition,the soil quality index showed that CP was still significantly harmful at the end of incubation compared with the good resilience of MS,indicating that CP may not be a suitable fumigant.

关键词： chloropicrin 1,3-dichloropropene metam sodium N cycling microbial biomass and diversity

Self-Triggered Set Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks and Its Applications

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1631-1642页

作者： rong zhao Jun-e Feng Dawei Zhang the School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

关键词： Boolean control networks(BCNs) output regulation self-triggered control semi-tensor product of matrices set stabilization synchronization

Surgically treating a rare and asymptomatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 367-373页

作者： Shen-Zhen Zhu zhao-Feng Gao xiao-rong Liu xiao-Guang Wang Fei Chen Department of General Surgery Jiaxing Second HospitalJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Jiaxing Second HospitalJiaxing 314000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)are rare and characterized by papillary growth within the bile duct *** is similar to obstructive biliary *** this report,we present an unexpected case of asymptomatic IPNB and consolidate our findings with the relevant literature to augment our understanding of this *** relevant literature contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the *** SUMMARY A 66-year-old Chinese male patient was admitted to our hospital for surgical intervention after gallstones were discovered during a routine physical *** imaging revealed a lesion on the left side of the liver,which raised the suspicion of IPNB.A laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy was performed,and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of *** the 3-mo postoperative follow-up,the patient reported good recovery and no *** can manifest both latently and *** surgical resection is the most effective treatment for *** Hepatic and biliary masses,should be considered to diagnose *** surgery and vigilant follow-up are crucial in determining prognosis.

关键词： Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct Tumor Surgical treatment Prognosis Case report