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Global and regional soil organic carbon estimates:Magnitudes and uncertainties

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 685-698页

作者： Ziqi LIN Yongjiu DAI Umakant MISHRA Guocheng WANG Wei SHANGGUAN Wen ZHANG zhangcai qin School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Computational Biology&Biophysics Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore CA 94550USA Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Globally,soil is the largest terrestrial carbon(C)*** quantification of soil organic C(SOC)stocks in existing global observation-based estimates avails accurate predictions in carbon-climate feedbacks and future climate *** investigated the magnitudes and distributions of global and regional SOC estimates(i.e.,density and stocks)based on five widely used global gridded SOC datasets,a regional permafrost dataset developed in 2021(UM2021),and a global-scale soil profile database(World Soil Information Service)reporting measurements of a series of physical and chemical edaphic *** five global gridded SOC datasets were the Harmonized World Soil Database(HWSD),World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials at 30 arc-second resolution(WISE30sec),Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Models(GSDE),Global Gridded Soil Information at 250-m resolution(SoilGrids250m),and Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOCmap).Our analyses showed that the magnitude and distribution of SOC varied widely among datasets,with certain datasets showing region-specific *** the global scale,SOC stocks at the top 30 and 100 cm were estimated to be 828(range:577–1171)and 1873(range:1086–2678)Pg C,*** estimates from GSDE,GSOCmap,and WISE30sec were comparable,and those of SoilGrids250m and HWSD were at the upper and lower *** spatial SOC distribution varied greatly among datasets,especially in the northern circumpolar and Tibetan Plateau permafrost ***,UM2021 and WISE30sec performed well in the northern circumpolar permafrost regions,and GSDE performed well in *** estimates of SOC by different datasets also showed large variabilities across different soil layers and *** discrepancies were generally smaller for the 0–30 cm soil than the 0–100 cm *** datasets demonstrated relatively higher agreement in grasslands,croplands,and shrublands/savannas than in other biomes(e.g.,wetlands).The users should be mindful of the gaps b

关键词： biome carbon cycle Earth System Models permafrost region soil dataset soil map

Natural Climate Solutions for China:The Last Mile to Carbon Neutrality

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 889-895页

作者： zhangcai qin Xi DENG Bronson GRISCOM Yao HUANG Tingting LI Pete SMITH Wenping YUAN Wen ZHANG School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519000China Conservation International ArlingtonVirginia VA 22202USA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK

“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society;solutions are urgently required from both energy&industrial sectors and global *** the former is often held accountable and emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability,the latter(recently termed natural climate solutions)should also be assessed for potential and limitations by the scientific community,the public,and policy makers.

关键词： carbon sequestration ecosystem emissions energy greenhouse gas mitigation

Offshore wind power in China:A potential solution to electricity transformation and carbon neutrality

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Fundamental Research 2024年第5期4卷 1206-1215页

作者： Xi Deng Weixin Xu Yifan Xu Yingquan Shao Xiangyuan Wu Wenping Yuan zhangcai qin School of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System(Ministry of Education)Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519000China Zhuhai National Climate Observatory Zhuhai 519000China

China is likely to lead global offshore wind power development,in the hope of transforming the coal-based electricity system and reducing greenhouse gas ***,the potential of power generation and emissions mitigation is largely unknown,and the contribution of offshore wind utilization to regional carbon neutrality needs to be further ***,we reveal that offshore wind energy resources are abundant in China,with an estimated power generation potential of about 17.5 PWh,more than doubling the current power consumption *** current utilization of offshore wind energy in China accounts for 21%of global overall capacity,the total share is still limited,supplying just 0.4%of national electricity needs(2019).With the increasing use of offshore wind,by 2050,the planned installation along China coast would be nearly five times as much as current(2019)global capacity,or 25 times of current national offshore wind power *** total CO_(2)emissions reduction in 2050 due to the decrease in coal use is projected to be 294.3 Tg CO_(2)-eq yr^(-1),equivalent to 20%of current emissions from coal-fired power in the coastal *** size of reduced emissions is higher than current CO_(2)emissions in about 90%of *** results highlight the important role of offshore wind power in upgrading the energy system and achieving carbon *** studies are encouraged to further explore technological,economic and institutional challenges facing offshore wind energy deployment and low-carbon energy system development.

关键词： Electricity system Emissions reduction Generation potential Greenhouse gas emissions Mitigation Wind energy

The role of China's terrestrial carbon sequestration 2010–2060 in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions

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National Science Review 2022年第8期9卷 153-166页

作者： Yao Huang Wenjuan Sun zhangcai qin Wen Zhang Yongqiang Yu Tingting Li qing Zhang Guocheng Wang Lingfei Yu Yijie Wang Fan Ding Ping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University College of New Energy and Environment Jilin University

Energy consumption dominates annual CO2emissions in China. It is essential to significantly reduce CO2emissions from energy consumption to reach national carbon neutrality by 2060, while the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2emissions cannot be underestimated. Natural climate solutions（NCS）, including improvements in terrestrial carbon sequestration, represent readily deployable options to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, the extent to which China's terrestrial carbon sequestration in the future, especially when target-oriented managements（TOMs） are implemented, can help to mitigate energy-related CO2emissions is far from certain. By synthesizing available findings and using several parameter-sparse empirical models that have been calibrated and/or fitted against contemporary measurements, we assessed China's terrestrial carbon sequestration over 2010–2060 and its contribution to offsetting national energy-related CO2emissions. We show that terrestrial C sequestration in China will increase from 0.375 ± 0.056（mean ± standard deviation）Pg C yr-1in the 2010s to 0.458 ± 0.100 Pg C yr-1under RCP2.6 and 0.493 ± 0.108 Pg C yr-1under the RCP4.5 scenario in the 2050s, when TOMs are implemented. The majority of carbon sequestration comes from forest, accounting for 67.8–71.4% of the total amount. China's terrestrial ecosystems can offset 12.2–15.0% and 13.4–17.8% of energy-related peak CO2emissions in 2030 and 2060, respectively. The implementation of TOMs contributes 11.9% of the overall terrestrial carbon sequestration in the 2020s and 23.7% in the 2050s. The most likely strategy to maximize future NCS effectiveness is a full implementation of all applicable cost-effective NCS pathways in China. Our findings highlight the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2emissions and put forward future needs in the context of carbon neutrality.

关键词： terrestrial carbon sequestration natural climate solutions CO2 emission energy consumption carbon neutrality

珠江口红树林湿地土壤碳的分布特征和影响因素研究

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环境科学学报 2023年第1期43卷 297-306页

作者：张子鸣王艺杰王莹邓希郝珖存王凡覃章才中山大学大气科学学院珠海519000 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海) 珠海519000 中交四航工程研究院有限公司广州510230 中交集团交通基础工程环保与安全重点实验室广州510230

红树林土壤是重要的“蓝碳”库,在缓解气候变化中发挥着重要作用.由于人类活动的影响,珠江口红树林湿地经历了复杂的土地覆盖变化过程,其土壤碳分布特征和影响因素需要深入探究.本研究以珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地为研究对象,通过实地调查... 详细信息

红树林土壤是重要的“蓝碳”库,在缓解气候变化中发挥着重要作用.由于人类活动的影响,珠江口红树林湿地经历了复杂的土地覆盖变化过程,其土壤碳分布特征和影响因素需要深入探究.本研究以珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地为研究对象,通过实地调查、采样和测定,分析了该区域5种主要土地覆盖类型(原始秋茄林、无瓣海桑林、无瓣海桑伐迹地、废弃鱼塘和光滩)的土壤有机碳(SOC)储量、SOC稳定性,以及植被碳储量、土壤理化性质对土壤碳分布的影响.结果表明,淇澳岛红树林湿地的SOC储量在不同覆盖类型间存在显著性差异.其中原始秋茄林的SOC储量最高,达185 t·hm^(-2),是新生光滩的1.8倍.秋茄林的SOC更多地储存在浅层土壤(0~50 cm)中.通过同位素分析发现,秋茄林SOC的稳定性高于其他土地覆盖类型,有利于SOC的长期固存.植被碳储量与SOC储量呈显著正相关关系,且在浅层土壤中相关性更显著,植被碳输入对浅层SOC累积的促进作用更大.土壤C∶N、水分和pH值等理化性质也影响了红树林湿地土壤碳库的大小.滨海地区在恢复红树林湿地时,有必要考虑不同土地覆盖类型和土壤特性对提升土壤碳汇的影响.

关键词：土壤有机碳碳储量碳稳定性植被碳储量土壤理化性质

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中国红树林生态系统的碳源汇特征及核算

地球科学进展 2024年第9期39卷 902-914页

作者：苏娟王凡王艺杰廖晓琳李婷婷朱旭东覃章才中山大学大气科学学院南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)广东珠海519082 中山大学生态学院广东深圳518107 南京林业大学生态与环境学院江苏南京210037 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 福建台湾海峡海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站厦门大学环境与生态学院福建厦门361102

红树林生态系统是重要的滨海“蓝碳”生态系统,其碳源汇特征和收支是当下我国“碳达峰碳中和”研究的热点。通过收集整理国内外相关研究与数据,系统总结了我国红树林生态系统的碳源汇特征、收支核算方法及现有碳源汇规模。红树林生态系... 详细信息

红树林生态系统是重要的滨海“蓝碳”生态系统,其碳源汇特征和收支是当下我国“碳达峰碳中和”研究的热点。通过收集整理国内外相关研究与数据,系统总结了我国红树林生态系统的碳源汇特征、收支核算方法及现有碳源汇规模。红树林生态系统的碳源汇组分主要包括植被碳库、土壤碳库和大气碳库等。我国现有红树林植被碳汇量为4.0×10^(4)~6.1×10^(4) t C/a,土壤碳汇量为4.4×10^(4)~9.7×10^(4) t C/a,CH_(4)总排放量约为1.0×10^(3) t C/a,生态系统尺度的碳汇量为0.7×10^(5)~1.5×10^(5) t C/a;百年尺度上CH_(4)排放可抵消净生态系统生产力约5%的碳汇效应,横向净碳输出量为0.5×10^(5)~1.5×10^(5) t C/a。此外,探讨了红树林碳汇对我国生态系统碳汇总量的贡献及面临的挑战,强调未来需加强红树林保护修复工作,积极开展碳汇监测,并在红树林营造和修复中注意碳汇功能与其他重要生态服务功能的平衡。

关键词：红树林蓝碳碳汇温室气体碳核算

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中国碳收支:1980~2021年

Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 114-124页

作者：夏晓圣任培阳王旭辉刘丹陈修治丹利何斌何洪林居为民梁敏琪陆星劼彭静覃章才夏江周郑博魏静乐旭于贵瑞朴世龙袁文平 School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon CycleSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 510245China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100091China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Synthesis Research Center of China’s Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300387China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

As one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases,China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon ***,it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and to monitor China's progress toward these *** state-of-the-art datasets and models,this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from energy,industrial processes and product use,and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO_(2)for all of China during *** recognize the differences among various methods of estimating greenhouse emissions,the estimates are compared with China's National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(NGHGIs)for 1994,2005,2010,2012,and *** CO_(2)emissions in China have increased by 7.39 times from 1980 to 12.77 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)in *** benefiting from ecological projects(e.g.,Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project),the land carbon sink in China has reached 1.65 Gt CO_(2)a^(-1)averaged through 2010-2021,which is almost 15.81 times that of the carbon sink in the *** average,China's terrestrial ecosystems offset 14.69%±2.49%of anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions through *** provincial-level administrative regions of China,Xizang and qinghai,have achieved carbon neutrality according to our estimates,but nearly half of the administrative regions of China have terrestrial carbon sink offsets of less than 10%of anthropogenic CO_(2)*** study indicated a high level of consistency between NGHGIs and various datasets used for estimating fossil CO_(2)emissions,but found notable differences for land carbon *** estimates of the terrestrial carbon sinks of NGHGIs urgently need to be verified with process-based models which integrate the comprehensive carbon cycle processes.

关键词： CO_(2)emission Land carbon sink China Carbon neutrality Carbon budget