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A review of methods,applications and limitations for incorporating fluid flow in the discrete element method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 1005-1024页

作者： tuo Wang Fengshou zhang Jason Furtney Branko Damjanac Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Itasca Consulting Group Inc.MinneapolisMN55041USA

The past decade has witnessed the substantial growth in research interests and progress on the subject of coupled hydro-mechanical processes in rocks and soils,driven mainly by the surge of research in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and associated *** coupling techniques have been developed to include the effects of fluid flow in the discrete element method(DEM),and the techniques have been applied to a variety of geomechanical *** these coupling methods have been successfully applied in various engineering fields,no single fluid/DEM coupling method is universal due to the complexity of engineering problems and the limitations of the numerical *** researchers and engineers,the key to solve a specific problem is to select the most appropriate fluid/DEM coupling method among these modeling *** purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of fluid flow/DEM coupling methods and relevant *** their importance,the availability or unavailability of best practice guidelines is *** theoretical background and current status of DEM are introduced first,and the principles,applications,and advantages and disadvantages of different fluid flow/DEM coupling methods are ***,a summary with speculation on future development trends is given.

关键词： Hydro-mechanical process Fluid/discrete element method(DEM) coupling Geomechanics Numerical modeling

Impact of 5-Fu/oxaliplatin on mouse dendritic cells and synergetic effect with a colon cancer vaccine

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2018年第2期30卷 197-208页

作者： Xinqiang hong Tiangeng Dong tuo Yi Jianwei Hu Zhen zhang Shengli Lin Weixin Niu Department of General Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University

Objective： The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 5-fluorouracil（5-Fu） and oxaliplatin on the function and activation pathways of mouse dendritic cells（DCs）, and to clarify whether 5-Fu/oxaliplatin combined with the CD1d-MC38/α-galactosylceramide（α-GC） tumor vaccine exhibits synergistic effects on the treatment of colon cancer in ***： The combination of the Toll like receptor（TLR） ligands and/or 5-Fu/oxaliplatin was added into myeloid-derived DCs in vitro culture. DC phenotypic changes were detected by flow cytometry, and the secretion of DC cytokines was detected by cytometric bead array（CBA）. A MC38 mouse colon cancer model was constructed and the DCs were isolated from the spleen, tumor tissue and lymph nodes following intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu/oxaliplatin. The cell phenotypes were detected by flow cytometry. The tumor infiltrating leukocytes,splenocytes and lymph node cells were co-cultured with the dead MC38 tumor cells, and the secretion levels of interferon-γ（IFN-γ） were detected. 5-Fu/oxaliplatin combined with our previously developed CD1d-MC38/α-GC tumor vaccine was used to inhibit the growth of MC38 colon cancer in mice, and the tumor growth rate and survival time were ***： 5-Fu/oxaliplatin exerted no significant effect on the expression of the stimulating phenotypes of DCs in vitro, while it could reduce the expression of programmed death ligand 1/2（PD-L1/L2） and promote interleukin-12（IL-12） secretion by DCs. Furthermore 5-Fu/oxaliplatin was beneficial to the differentiation of T-helper 1（Th1） cells. 5-Fu/oxaliplatin further enhanced the stimulating phenotypic expression of DCs in tumor bearing mice, decreased PD-L1/L2 expression, and specifically activated the lymphocytes. The CD1d-MC38/α-GC tumor vaccine combined with 5-Fu/oxaliplatin could exert a synergistic role that resulted in a significant delay of the tumor growth rate, and an increase in the survival time of tumor bearing ***： 5

关键词： Dendritic cell colon cancer cancer vaccine chemoimmunotherapy

Arificial Leaves for Solar Fuels

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第6期39卷 1450-1458页

作者： Gong zhang Bin Liu tuo Wang Jinlong Gong School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300372China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300372China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300372China Joint School of Notional University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhouFujian 350207China

Large amounts of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions associated with increased fossil fuel consumption have led to global *** CO_(2) and water into solar fuels such as hydrogen,methanol,ethanol,etc.,is believed to be one of the best methods to address this serious ***,we focus on introducing our endeavor of developing the photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction system,constructing the(photo)electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction system,and realizing the artificial *** paper consists of a brief introduction,representative applications,and related *** research results would be helpful to achieve sustainable development in our society based on the use of solar energy.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Water splitting Photoelectrochemistry Electrochemistry Photosynthesis

In-situ doping-induced lattice strain of NiCoP/S nanocrystals for robust wide pH hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis and supercapacitor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 27-35,I0002页

作者： Yan Lin Xiaomeng Chen Yongxiao tuo Yuan Pan Jun zhang College of Energy Storage Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina School of Material Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina

Developing high-efficiency multifunctional nanomaterials is promising for wide p H hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and energy storage but still challenging. Herein, a novel in-situ doping-induced lattice strain strategy of NiCoP/S nanocrystals(NCs) was proposed through using seed crystal conversion approach with NiCo_(2)S_(4) spinel as precursor. The small amount of S atoms in NiCoP/S NCs perturbed the local electronic structure, leading to the atomic position shift of the nearest neighbor in the protocell and the nanoscale lattice strain, which optimized the H* adsorption free energy and activated H_(2)O molecules, resulting the dramatically elevated HER performance within a wide p H range. Especially, the NiCoP/S NCs displayed better HER electrocatalytic activity than comical 20% Pt/C at high current density in 1 M KOH and natural seawater: it only needed 266 m V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) and660 m V vs. RHE to arrive the current density of 350 m A cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH and natural seawater, indicating the application prospect for industrial high current. Besides, NiCoP/S NCs also displayed excellent supercapacitor performance: it showed high specific capacity of 2229.9 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1) and energy density of87.49 Wh kg^(-1), when assembled into an all-solid-state flexible device, exceeding performance of most transition metal phosphides. This work provides new insights into the regulation in electronic structure and lattice strain for electrocatalytic and energy storage applications.

关键词： Heteroatom doping Lattice strain Hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis Sea water electrocatalysis Supercapacitor

Dual-polarized and real-time reconfigurable metasurface absorber with infrared-coded remote-control system

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 7498-7505页

作者： Jiangyong Liu Yuping Duan tuo zhang Lingxi Huang Huifang Pang Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology(Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116085China

The reconfigurable metasurfaces which can regulate the microwave absorption performance at the sub wavelength scale provide a possibility to construct intelligent stealth ***,the existing reconfigurable-metasurface-based absorbers seriously limit the medium and long-distance regulation in practical application due to the complex circuit path and regulation ***,an infrared-coded dual-polarized metasurface absorber(IDMA)with remote-control mode was proposed,which realized the realtime dynamic regulation of the intensity and frequency range of absorption peaks by combining the infrared-coding remotecontrol technology with the active metasurface *** proposed remote-control system can switch the 8-bit binary coding sequences stored in the microcontroller unit(MCU)by an infrared transceiver,so as to regulate the state of active devices under X-and Y-polarizations,*** experimental results showed that the reflection/absorption responses can be regulated by switching different binary codes,and the reflection loss(RL)can be tuned below−7.5 dB(absorptivity over 82%)in wide range of 6.20–18 ***,the corresponding equivalent circuit model was established and the distributions of surface current and electric field were analyzed to elucidate the dynamic reconfigurable mechanism of the metasurface *** proposed IDMA,which combines intelligent electronic technology with active metasurface absorber,creatively realizes the remote control of active metasurface absorber and opens up a new way for the stealth technology of smart absorber in the future.

关键词： microwave absorption active metasurface reflection/absorption infrared-coded remote-control real-time dynamic control

Effect of operational and geometric parameters on the hydrodynamics of a Wurster coater:A CFD-DEM study

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 62-76页

作者： Yinqiang Song tuo Zhou Ruiqi Bai Man zhang Hairui Yang Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

A coupled CFD-DEM method was used to study the hydrodynamics of a Wurster ***,the CFD part of the model was validated by the accurate prediction of the pressure drops over a pseudo-2D fluidized bed under various gas *** effect of gas velocity,gap height,tube length and batch volume of the particles on the cycle time and the residence time of the particles was thoroughly *** central jet gas velocity ui was found to speed up the particle cycle but undermine the coating *** gas velocity at the horizontal transport zone u2 was able to promote the horizontal transport of the particles but should not be too high,otherwise,it would obstruct the normal falling back of the particles in the downward *** gap heights would decrease the coating efficiency but tube length had little impact on *** increment of batch volume would commonly abase the cycle time and the working efficiency under a given *** de-fluidization problem arose when the batch volume increased to 550 ***,this problem could be swept out by the optimization of u1 and *** a mixture of different sizes,the coarse particles enjoyed higher coating efficiency and could travel closer to the *** may shield the fine particles from getting enough coating liquids,and thus coarse particles and fine particles were not recommended to get coated in the same batch.

关键词： Numerical simulation CFD-DEM Wurster coater Hydrodynamics Cycle time Residence time

Metabolomics reveals the key role of oxygen metabolism in heat susceptibility of an alpine-dwelling ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 695-710页

作者： Wei Zhu Qian Meng Huan zhang Meng-Long Wang Xumn Li hong-tuo Wang Gui-Ling Zhou Lin Miao Qi-Lian Qin Ji-hong zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

Ghost moths inhabiting the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau are cold? adapted stenothermal organisms that are susceptible to heat (dead within 7 days at 27 °C exposure). Exploring the metabolic basis of their heat susceptibility would extend our understanding of the thermal biology of alpine-dwelling invertebrates. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was combined with physiological and transcriptional approaches to determine the metabolic mechanisms of heat susceptibility in Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae. The metabolomics results showed that 27 °C heat stress impaired the Krebs cycle and lipolysis in T. xiaojinensis larvae, as demonstrated by the accumulation of intermediary metabolites. In addition, carbohydrate reserves were highly and exclusively consumed, and an anaerobic product, lactate, accumulated. This evidence suggested a strong reliance on glycolysis to anaerobically generate energy. The respiration rate and enzymatic activity test results indicated a deficiency in O2 metabolism;in addition, the Krebs cycle capacity was not decreased, and the metabolic flux through aerobic pathways was limited. These findings were further supported by the occurrence of hypoxia symptoms in midgut mitochondria (vacuolation and swelling) and increased transcription of hypoxia-induced factor 1-α.Overall, heat stress caused O2 limitation and depressed the overall intensity of aerobic metabolism in ghost moths, and less efficient anaerobic glycolysis was activated to sustain their energy supply. As carbohydrates were depleted, the energy supply became deficient. Our study presents a comprehensive metabolic explanation for the heat susceptibility of ghost moths and reveals the relationship between O2 metabolism and heat susceptibility in these larvae.

关键词： energy metabolism ghost moths metabolomics thermal intolerance oxygen limitation respiration rate

Exploring the Possibility of Deformation Twinning in Pure Aluminum

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第7期29卷 647-651页

作者： tuo Cai Zhen-Jun zhang Jin-Bo Yang Zhe-Feng zhang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Can aluminum generate deformation twins？ Contradictories exist among the experimental results, theoretical predictions, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our first-principles calculations based on the full-potential linearly augmented plane wave method show that the bonding electron density of aluminum gathers at the tetrahedral interstices, and this specific electronic structure is in agreement with the experimental data from quantitative convergent-beam electron diffraction. In terms of this characteristic, the matching between the cohesive energy of local deformation twins with different thickness and global matrix can shed light on deformation twins in aluminum. This study may give a lane to insight into deformation twins in different metals.

关键词： Metals and alloys Deformation twinning First-principles Density functional theory

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor protects mice against hepatocellular carcinoma by ameliorating intestinal dysbiosis and attenuating inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第36期26卷 5420-5436页

作者： Yong-Na Wu Lei zhang tuo Chen Xun Li Li-hong He Guang-Xiu Liu Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer mortality *** gut microbiota can help maintain healthy metabolism and ***-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)is a critical factor in promoting health and homeostasis;it promotes intestinal immunity,stimulates bone marrow precursors to generate macrophage colonies,and enhances the antibacterial and antitumor activity of circulating *** such,GM-CSF may protect against HCC development by regulating immunity as well as intestinal *** To investigate the impact of GM-CSF on the gut microbiome and metabolic characteristics of *** Thirty-six male BALB/c nude mice were divided into three groups:Control(n=10),HCC(n=13),and HCC+GM-CSF(GM-CSF overexpression,n=13).We utilized HCC cells to establish orthotopic transplantation tumor models of HCC with normal and over-expressing *** injury,immune inflammatory function and intestinal barrier function were *** fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16S rRNA absolute quantification sequencing and gas chromatography-mass *** GM-CSF overexpression significantly affected the gut microbiome of mice with HCC and resulted in a high abundance of organisms of the genera Roseburia,Blautia and Butyricimonass,along with a significant reduction in Prevotella,Parabacteroides,Anaerotruncus,Streptococcus,Clostridium,and ***,GM-CSF overexpression resulted in a substantial increase in fecal biotin and oleic acid levels,along with a prominent decrease in the fecal succinic acid,adenosine,fumaric acid,lipoic acid,and maleic acid *** analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota and fecal metabolites induced by GM-CSF were primarily involved in pathways related to reducing the inflammatory response,biotin metabolism,and intestinal barrier *** GM-CSF can protect against HCC development by regulating immunity and

关键词： Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Microbiome Inflammation Hepatocellular carcinoma