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脉冲火花放电等离子体能源转化的现状和挑战

石油学报（石油加工） 2023年第5期39卷 963-976页

作者：张帅章程邵涛中国科学院电工研究所等离子体科学和能源转化北京市国际科技合作基地北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049

“3060双碳”目标约束下,预计2.50年中国以风能、水电、太阳能为主要能源的可再生电力占比将超过60%,直接利用可再生电力制备化学品将成为重要发展趋势。基于可再生电力驱动等离子体技术的能源转化是最具可能性的潜在途径之一,多种气体... 详细信息

“3060双碳”目标约束下,预计2.50年中国以风能、水电、太阳能为主要能源的可再生电力占比将超过60%,直接利用可再生电力制备化学品将成为重要发展趋势。基于可再生电力驱动等离子体技术的能源转化是最具可能性的潜在途径之一,多种气体放电形式的低温等离子体能源转化技术颇受关注。概述了脉冲火花放电等离子体在固氮、CO_(2.转化、CH_(4)裂解、高碳烃裂解等多种能源转化反应中的应用进展和技术难题,探讨了快脉冲放电中引导气体击穿机制、气体快速加热机制、通道膨胀效应、链式自由基化学反应等物理化学过程,并提出了利用等离子体诊断手段(条纹相机、场致激光二次谐波,激光诱导荧光、相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射等)和耦合模拟仿真方法(PIC-MCC、流体、反应动力学模型)揭示高能电子、发光图像、空间电场、关键自由基和振动态的演化过程。

关键词：低温等离子体脉冲放电氧化固氮 CO_(2./CH_(4)干重整 CH_(4)裂解

Theoretical study of magnetic lens with parallel beam matched

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第2期28卷 12-17页

作者： Guo-Jun Yang Zhuo zhang tao Wei Yi-Ding Li Xiao-Ding zhang Jin-Shui Shi institute of Fluid Physics Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics

The magnetic lens(Zumbro lens) is a critical part in proton radiography. Traditionally the matched beam for Zumbro lens in proton radiography is a virtual point source beam, which is not suitable for some cases, such as cylindrical samples. In these cases, a parallel beam is more appropriate. In this paper, a method, which uses quadrupole beamline, is proposed for designing a magnetic lens with parallel beam matched. Theoretical analysis is given. The results show that the matched beam for this lens is indeed parallel beam, while the major merits of Zumbro lens are inherited. Following this method, a theoretical design based on the 11-Me V cyclotron is presented.

关键词： Proton radiography Magnetic lens Chromatic blur Parallel beam Match

The 5400 a BP extreme weakening event of the Asian summer monsoon and cultural evolution

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Science china Earth sciences 2017年第5期60卷 1171-1182页

作者： BAI YiJun zhang PingZhong GAO tao YU RenZhe ZHOU PengChao CHENG Hai Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western china (Gansu Province) and School of Earth sciences Lanzhou University institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University

We explored a time series of the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) variability during the transition period from the middle to the late Holocene in the marginal Asian monsoon region. We used an absolutely dated ^(2.0)Th record with only a ~2.-year dating error, and oxygen isotope data with an 8-year average temporal resolution from the top 2.-mm segment of stalagmite WXB07-4 from Wanxiang Cave, western Loess Plateau. The ASM intensity weakened gradually from 642. to 492. a BP, which was mainly characterized by three phases:(1) a strengthening phase with a higher precipitation amount between 642. and 6170 a BP;(2. a smooth fluctuating interval during 6170–5700 a BP; and(3) a sudden extreme weakening period from 5700 to 492. a BP. Interestingly, the extreme weakening interval of the ASM occurred during the period between 5700 and 492. a BP, an abrupt change dated at 5430 a BP, which is known as the 5400 a BP, or 5.4 ka BP, event. The period included 2.0 years of gradual weakening, and 350 years of slow strengthening. This was synchronous with some cave records from the Asian monsoon region within dating errors. Comparing with chinese archaeological archives over the past 7000 years, the early decline of the Yangshao Culture in the Yellow River Basin and the Hongshan Culture in the West Liao River Basin occurred during the period of gradual decrease of ASM precipitation. The dramatic decline in precipitation, caused by the extreme weakening of the ASM at 5400 a BP,may have been partly related to the decline of the Miaodigou Culture at the Yangguanzhai site in the Weihe River valley; the middle Yangshao Culture in western Henan in the Yellow River Basin; the early Dawenkou Culture on the lower reaches of the Yellow River; and the middle Hongshan Culture in the west of the Liaohe River valley. During the later period of the 5400 a BP event(5430–492. a BP), a small amplitude increase and a subsequent sharp decrease of ASM precipitation may have also been linked to the contemporan

关键词： 5400 a BP extreme weakening event Asian summer monsoon late Neolithic culture evolution Wanxiang Cave stalagmite oxygen isotope western Loess Plateau

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基于“两网融合”窥探中国全时空生活垃圾分类减碳潜力

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环境工程 2024年第5期42卷 183-191页

作者：邱博然夏乙嘉毕菁然喻陶林彤张涵琪马凤敏甄广印华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室上海200241 上海有机固废生物转化工程技术研究中心上海200241 上海污染控制与生态安全研究院上海200092 自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心上海200062

城市生活垃圾分类处置作为城市固废资源化、减量化的重要举措,是助力减少温室气体排放、实现碳中和碳达峰目标的关键一环。经过上海的试点摸索,有效结合再生资源利用网络和城市环卫网络的“两网融合”回收模式显现出减碳优势。但目前有... 详细信息

城市生活垃圾分类处置作为城市固废资源化、减量化的重要举措,是助力减少温室气体排放、实现碳中和碳达峰目标的关键一环。经过上海的试点摸索,有效结合再生资源利用网络和城市环卫网络的“两网融合”回收模式显现出减碳优势。但目前有关生活垃圾碳排放的研究仅局限于地区范围,全国时空框架下的温室气体排放核算体系较少,缺乏精确性与统一性,大多研究的核算指标和参数亟待更新。由此构建了“1+4+8”的城市调研脉络,结合实地考察、政策和文献调研,建立中国生活垃圾分类处理过程温室气体排放核算体系。通过数据分析探究了“十三五”期间全国各省市自治区生活垃圾的碳排放情况,并进一步预测“十四五”期间应用“两网融合”的减碳潜力。结果表明:“两网融合”前后垃圾处理的减碳效应(碳排放系数)由0.71 kg CO_(2.-eq/t转变为1.56 kg CO_(2.-eq/t;当全国各省市自治区“两网融合”覆盖率达到10%时,预期2.2.年全国各省市自治区所能贡献的减碳潜力将达到1310万t。依据总结出的“上海经验”为不同层级城市群给出了针对性的导向建议,以期助力全国生活垃圾处置全生态流程中的节能减排和协同增效。

关键词：两网融合生活垃圾垃圾分类处置温室气体排放减碳潜力

Halide Homogenization for High-Performance Blue Perovskite Electroluminescence

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1688-1697页

作者： Lu Cheng Chang Yi Yunfang Tong Lin Zhu Gunnar Kusch Xiaoyu Wang Xinjiang Wang tao Jiang Hao zhang Ju zhang Chen Xue Hong Chen Wenjie Xu Dawei Liu Rachel AOliver Richard HFriend Lijun zhang Nana Wang Wei Huang Jianpu Wang Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLOFE)&institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing 211816China Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage RoadCambridge CB30FSUK State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and College of MaterialsScience and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics(FSCFE)&Shaanxi institute of Flexible Electronics(SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University(NPU)127 West Youyi RoadXi’an 710072China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes(LEDs)have achieved great progress in recent ***,bright and spectrally stable blue perovskite LED remains a significant ***-dimensional mixed-halide perovskites have potential to achieve high brightness electroluminescence,but their emission spectra are unstable as a result of halide phase ***,we reveal that there is already heterogeneous distribution of halides in the as-deposited perovskite films,which can trace back to the nonuniform mixture of halides in the *** simply introducing cationic surfactants to improve the homogeneity of the halides in the precursor solution,we can overcome the phase segregation issue and obtain spectrally stable single-phase blueemitting *** demonstrate efficient blue perovskite LEDs with high brightness,e.g.,luminous efficacy of 4.7,2.9,and 0.4 lmW^(-1) and luminance of over 37,000,9,300,and 1,300 cdm^(-2. for sky blue,blue,and deep blue with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE)coordinates of(0.068,0.2.8),(0.091,0.165),and(0.12.,0.061),respectively,suggesting real promise of perovskites for LED applications.

关键词： perovskite luminous halide

Association of host plant growth and weed occurrence with armyworm(Mythimna separata) damage in corn fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1538-1544页

作者： zhang Kun-peng YU Zhi-hao JIANG Shi-xiong SUN De-wen HUI Jun-tao ZHENG Yu-liang LI Xiao-zhen WANG Xing-yun WU Jun-xiang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Anyang institute of Technology Anyang 455000P.R.China Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Sanyuan County Sanyuan 713800P.R.China Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Lantian County Lantian 710500P.R.China Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Chang'an District Chang'an 710100P.R.China Zhengping Plant Protection Technology Limited Company Xi'an 710000P.R.China

To clarify association between armyworm（Mythimna separata） damage level and the corn growth and weed occurrence, we investigated corn plant height, stem diameter and vigor as well as weed coverage and biomass. The investigations were conducted at three locations of Shaanxi Province, china which were suffered seriously from armyworm. Significant correlations were found between the parameters analyzed. At stunted corn growth and presence of plenty of weeds, the armyworm damage tended to be heavy; oppositely, when corn grew well and weed density were low, armyworm harm was the minimal. Therefore, corn growing status and weed density can significantly affect armyworm damage level. Our results imply that promoting corn growth and timely removal of weeds are conducive to reducing armyworm occurrence.

关键词： Mythimna separata damage degree corn growth corn field weeds

Upregulation of histone H3 caused by CRYAA may contribute to the development of age-related cataract

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BIOCELL 2023年第1期47卷 143-154页

作者： CHAO WANG JUNWEI WANG FANQIAN SONG HANRUO LIU LIYAO SUN XI WEI tao ZHENG HUA QIAN XIAOGUANG LI WEIHUA zhang XIANLING TANG PING LIU Eye Hospital First Affiliated HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin150001China Department of Pharmacology College of PharmacyHarbin Medical Universityand Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbin150081China Beijing institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Ophthalmology&Visual Science Key LabBeijing100000China Department of Pathophysiology Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150081China

Objective:Age-relate cataract(ARC)is a disease of the eyes with no effective drugs to prevent or treat *** aim of the present study is to determine whether histone H3,αA-crystallin(CRYAA),β-galactosidase(GLB1),and p53 are involved in the pathogenesis of ***:A total of 99 anterior lens capsules(ALCs)of patients with ARC of various nuclear grades,ultraviolet models of ALCs,and two human lens epithelial cell lines(FHL-12. and SRA01/04)were used,and the expression of histone H3,CRYAA,GLB1,and p53 were detected by immunoblotting and reverse transcription and real time-quantitative polymerase chain *** association between CRYAA with histone H3,GLB1,and p53 was assessed in FHL-12. and SRA01/04 cells following CRYAA ***:Histone H3 and p53 in ALCs of patients with ARC were up-regulated in a grade-dependent manner,and the expression of CRYAA showed a positive association with histone H3,p53,and *** UV models of ALCs and human lens epithelial cell lines,the expression levels of histone H3,cell apoptosis factors(Bax/Bcl-2.cleaved caspase-3),and inflammation factors(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α)were all ***,transfection of CRYAA in FHL-12. cells induced overexpression of histone ***:CRYAA-mediated upregulation of histone H3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of ARC.p53 may also have a role in ARC development,but not via the CRYAA-histone H3 *** results of the present study may assist in improving our understanding of the pathogenesis of ARC and in identifying potential targets for treatment.

关键词： Age-related cataract Histone H3 αA-crystallin Anterior lens capsules Basement membrane

Protective Effects of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor on Retinal Vasculature and Cells in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

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chinese Medical Journal 2018年第1期131卷 75-81页

作者： Xiu-Fen Yang Ying-Xiang Huang Ming Lan tao-Ran zhang Jie Zhou Department of Ophthalmology The Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan academy of Medical {2. & Siclluan Provincial People's Hospital Chengdu Sichuan 610072 China

Background： Leukemia inhibitory factor （LIF） has been reported to possess various pharmacological effects, including displaying vascular and neuroprotective properties, during retinal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the vascular and structural changes in the retina of diabetic mice and to explore whether LIF prevents experimental diabetes-induced retinal injury in the early stages. Methods： Diabetes was induced in C57BI/6J mice with streptozotocin （STZ） injections. Successful diabetic animal models were randomly separated into two groups： the diabetic group （n = 15） and the LIF-treated group （n = 15）. Normal C57BL/6 mice served as the normal control group （n = 14）. Recombinant human LIF was intravitreally injected 8 weeks after the diabetic model was successfully established. Retinas were collected and evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical techniques, and flat-mounted retinas and Western blotting were performed at 18 weeks after the induction of diabetes and 2.days after the intravitreal injection of LIF. The analysis of variance test were used. Results： Histological analysis showed that there were fewer retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and the inner nuclear layer （INL） became thinner in the diabetic model group （RGC 2..8 ± 4.0 and INL 12..2.± 4.6 μm） compared with the normal control group （RGC 2..0 ± 6.7, t = -3.02. P = 0.007; INL 150.7 ±10.6 lain, t = -8.88, P 〈 0.001, respectively）. After LIF treatment, the number of RGCs （2..9 ± 5.3） was significantly increased （t = 3.39, P = 0.030） and the INL （ 134.5± 14.2.lain） was thicker compared to the diabetic group （t - 2.75, P = 0.013）. In the anti-Brn-3a-labeled retinas, the number of RGCs in the LIF-treated group （392..0 ± 143.9） was obviously increased compared to the diabetic group （3507.7 ± 2.6.1, t = 2.38, P = 0.030）, while no significance was found between the LIF-treated group and the control group （4188.3 ± 114.7, t= -2.47, P- 0.069）. Flat-mounted retinas demonstrated that a disorg

关键词： Diabetic Retinopathy: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

Dark,Beyond Deep:A Paradigm Shift to Cognitive AI with Humanlike Common Sense

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Engineering 2020年第3期6卷 310-345页

作者： Yixin Zhu tao Gao Lifeng Fan Siyuan Huang Mark Edmonds Hangxin Liu Feng Gao Chi zhang Siyuan Qi Ying Nian Wu Joshua B.Tenenbaum Song-Chun Zhu Center for Vision CognitionLearningand AutonomyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Center for Brains Mindsand MachinesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Recent progress in deep learning is essentially based on a“big data for small tasks”paradigm,under which massive amounts of data are used to train a classifier for a single narrow *** this paper,we call for a shift that flips this paradigm upside ***,we propose a“small data for big tasks”paradigm,wherein a single artificial intelligence(AI)system is challenged to develop“common sense,”enabling it to solve a wide range of tasks with little training *** illustrate the potential power of this new paradigm by reviewing models of common sense that synthesize recent breakthroughs in both machine and human *** identify functionality,physics,intent,causality,and utility(FPICU)as the five core domains of cognitive AI with humanlike common *** taken as a unified concept,FPICU is concerned with the questions of“why”and“how,”beyond the dominant“what”and“where”framework for understanding *** are invisible in terms of pixels but nevertheless drive the creation,maintenance,and development of visual *** therefore coin them the“dark matter”of *** as our universe cannot be understood by merely studying observable matter,we argue that vision cannot be understood without studying *** demonstrate the power of this perspective to develop cognitive AI systems with humanlike common sense by showing how to observe and apply FPICU with little training data to solve a wide range of challenging tasks,including tool use,planning,utility inference,and social *** summary,we argue that the next generation of AI must embrace“dark”humanlike common sense for solving novel tasks.

关键词： Computer vision Artificial intelligence Causality Intuitive physics Functionality Perceived intent Utility