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Genesis of ultra-deep dolostone and controlling factors of largescale reservoir:A case study of the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2352-2382页

作者： Xi LI guangyou zhu Zhiyao zhang petrochina research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development Beijing 100083China School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China School of Earth Resoures China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

This paper investigates the origin of ultra-deep dolostone and the factors influencing large-scale dolostone reservoirs,focusing on the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan *** study involves petrology,microscale X-ray diffraction,trace element analysis,and C-O-Sr-Mg isotope experiments to provide a detailed *** research findings indicate that the Dengying and Longwangmiao formations comprise six types of matrix dolostone and four types of *** Dengying Formation,which developed under a sedimentary background of a restricted platform,contains special microbial and microcrystalline *** dolomite grains are small(30μm),high order degree(Min=0.7),small unit cell parameters,high Na content

关键词： Ultra-deep layers Dolostone Supercontinent evolution Microscale geochemistry Dengying Formation Longwangmiao Formation Sichuan Basin

Formation mechanism and geochemical characteristics of shallow natural gas in heavy oil province,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 96-106页

作者： zhu guangyou,zhang shuichang,ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhengJun,LIANG YingBo, ZHAO XueFeng&zhang JingYan petrochina Oil Geologic Lab center,research institutes of petrochina exploration and development,beijing 100083,china research institutes of petrochina exploration and development PetroChina Oil Geologic Lab Center Beijing China

Shallow gas reservoirs are distributed widely in Chinese heavy oil-bearing *** present,shallow gas resources have opened up giant *** previous researches indicate the intimate genetic relationship between shallow gas and heavy *** gas resources are generated from crude oil degraded by anaerobic microscopic organism,it belongs to biogenic gas family of secondary genesis, namely heavy oil degraded *** gas resources are usually distributed in the upward position or the vicinity of heavy oil *** are mainly of dry gas,which are composed of methane and only tiny C2 + heavy hydrocarbon and relatively higher contents of nitrogen ***,methane isotopes are light,whose values are between biogenic gas and thermal cracking *** isotopes are heavy,which mixed possibly with thermogenic *** dioxide bear the characteristics of very heavy carbon isotope,so carbon isotopic fractionation effects are very obvious on the process of microscopic organism degradation crude *** heavy oil degraded gas formation,a very complex geological,geochemical and microbiological geochemical process,is the result of a series of reactions of organic matter-microbes and water-hydrocarbon,which is controlled by many factors.

关键词： heavy oil degraded gas shallow gas heavy oil biogenic gas anaerobic degradation

Cracking conditions of crude oil under different geological environments

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 77-83页

作者： ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhaoYun,zhang shuichang&WANG HongJun research Institute of Petroleum exploration&development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china research Institute of Petroleum exploration & development

There are mainly 3 kinds of existing states of oil generating from source rocks,that is,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon inside of source rock,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock and concentrated liquid hydrocarbon outside of source *** of the differences in thermal history and medium conditions around,and the interaction of organic and inorganic matter,the liquid hydrocarbon with 3 kinds of existing state has different cracking *** gas generation dynamics experiments of crude oil matching different mediums indicate that the distribution of activation energy of methane changes a lot according to medium *** carbonate has a main influence on oil cracking conditions and can largely reduce its activation energy,which reflects the lower cracking temperature of crude *** mudstone takes a second place and the sandstone is the *** catalytic cracking function to the oil of the carbonate,of the mudstone and of the sandstone changes weaken in *** corresponding Ro values of main gas generation period in different mediums are as follows:1.5%―3.8%with pure crude oil,1.2%―3.2%with dispersive crude oil in carbonate,1.3%~3.4% with dispersive crude oil in mudstone and 1.4%―3.6%with dispersive crude oil in *** influence of pressure to crude oil cracking is relatively *** the low heating speed condition, pressure restrains the oil cracking and gas generation,but in the high heating speed condition,pressure has an indistinctive influence to the oil cracking and gas *** also makes a different effort in different evolvement *** the middle and lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin as an example,primary oil generating quantity is 2232.24×10 8 t,residual oil and oil cracking gas quantity is 806.21×10 8 t and 106.95×10 12 m 3 respectively.

关键词： different existing state oil cracking condition gas source rock kitchen of oil cracking type

The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,zhang shuichang 1 ,zhang WenZheng 2 ,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 exploration and development research Institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china University of Miningand Technology,beijing 100083,china research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China exploration and development research Institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Ministry of Education China University of Miningand Technology Beijing China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos Basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,china

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 150-163页

作者： zhu guangyou, zhang shuichang & LIANG YingBo research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.

关键词： H2S carbonate rock distribution prediction controlling factors TSR Sichuan Basin

Uncover the diagenetic water condition and dolomite formation in the Songliao Basin 91 Ma

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuke Liu Huajian Wang Jinyou zhang Yuntao Ye Xiaomei Wang shuichang zhang research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development National Key Laboratory for Multi-resource Collaborated Green development of Continental Shale Oil Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent exploration and development， Institute of Geology and Geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences petrochina Daqing Oilfield Co.， Ltd.

Lacustrine dolomite is receiving increasing attention to answer the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and “dolomite problem”. Here， a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity， alkalinity， and redox conditions of the diagenetic water. Multiple proxies， including bulk boron （B） content， B isotope composition (δ11Bbul)， boron to gallium weight ratio （B/Ga） and carbonate oxygen isotope composition (δ18Ocarb)， were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh. Through numerical simulation， we calculated the B contents， δ11B values and B/Ga in detritus （e.g.， clay， quartz and feldspar） and dolomite as two endmembers， confirming the intense interference of clay minerals on δ11Bbul. By using the fitted δ11B of dolomite endmember （20.6‰）， we calculated the pH value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2. The negative δ11B value of detritus endmember （-12.9‰） might be related to the terrestrial weathering. The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio （Sr/Ba） was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system. High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicated a sulfate-poor water condition， consistent with the iron-manganese （Fe-Mn） reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio. The positive carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb， 4.5‰-9.4‰) indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite， coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water. The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria， which had not only maintained the salinity， pH， and redox status of the diagenetic water， but also led to a ferric-methane transition zone （FMTZ）. This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water， which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.

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A discussion on gas sources of the Feixianguan Formation H2S-rich giant gas fields in the northeastern Sichuan Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 113-124页

作者： zhang shuichang, zhu guangyou, CHEN JianPing & LIANG YingBo research Institute of Petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

In recent years several H2S-rich oolite giant gas pools have been discovered in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan basin, and their explored gas reserves have been over 5000×108 m3. However, gas sources remain unsolved due to multiple source horizons with high maturity in this area and TSR alterations. By integrating analytical data of natural gas samples with conprehensive investigations on many factors, such as oil-gas geology, distribution and evolution of source rocks, charging and adjustment of gas pools, mixture of natural gases and secondery alterations, the present study concluded that the dominant source for the Feixianguan Fr. gas pools is the Permian Longtan Fr. source rock and secondly the Silurian Longmaxi Fr. source rock. Natural gases from the various gas pools differ genetically due to the matching diversity of seal configurations with phases of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion by different source rocks, among which natural gases in Puguang Gasfield are dominated by the trapped gas generated from the Longtan Fr. source rock and commingled with the gas cracked from the Silurian crude oil, while those in Dukouhe, Tieshangpo and Luojiazhai Gasfields are composed mainly of the Silurian oil-cracking gas and commingled with the natural gas derived from the Longtan Fr. source rock.

关键词： Feixianguan Formation gasfield group gas source hydrogen sulfide TSR the Sichuan Basin

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,china

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 62-76页

作者： zhu guangyou, ZHAO WenZhi, zhang shuichang, LIANG YingBo & WANG ZhengJun research center of Petroleum Geology, research Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.

关键词： marine facies Palaeozoic carbonate rock genetic type gas source carbon isotope hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

Mechanism of catalytic hydropyrolysis of sedimentary organic matter with MoS_2

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 134-142页

作者： He Kun zhang shuichang Mi Jingkui Chen Jianping Cheng Lei Petroleum Geology research and Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development （RIPED） PetroChina Beijing 100083 China CNPC Key Laboratories for Petroleum Geochemistry Beijing 100083 China

MoS2 was used as an efficient catalyst for hydropyrolysis （Hypy） of three samples of sedimentary organic matter with different maturities. Through comparison with Soxhlet extraction （SE）, it was found that MoS2 catalytic Hypy can remarkably promote the yields of total chloroform extracts, saturates, aromatics, hopanes and steranes. In addition, the difference of biomarker parameters indicated that isomerization of covalently-bound biomarkers is much more difficult than their free counterparts. Meanwhile, the high conversion of total organic carbon （TOC） in MoS2 catalytic Hypy of organic matter proved that the presence of dispersed molybdenum sulfide accelerated the breaking of C-C bonds and the release of hydrocarbons. To address the catalytic mechanism, a series of control experiments based on free Hypy and catalytic Hypy were conducted. The results showed that the calculated atomic ratio of carbon conversion/hydrogen conversion for catalytic Hypy was much larger than the presumed value of 1/2, indicating that intensive hydrogenation took place and significantly influenced the distribution of liquid products. Analysis of stable hydrogen isotope data, infrared spectra and m/z 83 ion chromatograph of the saturate fraction further confirmed this hypothesis. The difference of S content changing （AS） between catalyst-free Hypy and catalytic Hypy, and the thermal characteristics of the catalyst, indicated that active H2S was definitely generated and it probably initiated free radical reactions in the early stage of hydropyrolysis of organic matter.

关键词： Catalytic hydropyrolysis molybdenum disulfide kerogen coal Soxhlet extraction,biomarkers