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Longitudinal distributions of two formation pathways of biogenic gases in continental deposits: A case study from Sebei 1 gas field in the Qaidam Basin, western China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 221-227页

作者： SHUAI YanHua zhang shuichang ZHAO WenZhi SU AiGuo WANG HuiTong Petroleum Geology Research and Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentBeijing 100083China

The distribution of two formation pathways of biogenic methane, acetate fermentation and reduction of CO2, has been extensively studied. In general, CO2 reduction is the dominate pathway in marine envi- ronment where acetate is relatively depleted because of SRB consuming. While in terrestrial freshwater or brackish environment, acetate fermentation is initially significant, but decreases with increasing buried depth. In this paper, character of biogenic gases is profiled in the XS3-4 well of the Sebei 1 gas field in the Sanhu depression, Qaidam Basin. It indicates that those two pathways do not change strictly with increasing buried depth. CO2 reduction is important near the surface (between 50 m and 160 m), and at the mesozone (between 400 and 1650 m). While acetate fermentation is the primary pathway at two zones, from 160 to 400 m and from 1650 to 1700 m. δ 13C of methane generated in those two acetate fermentation zones varies greatly, owing to different sediment circumstances. At the sec- ond zone (160-400 m), δ 13C1 ranges from ?65‰ to ?30‰ (PDB), because the main deposit is mudstone and makes the circumstance confined. At the fourth zone of the well bottom (1650-1700 m), δ 13C1 is lighter than ?65‰ (PDB). Because the deposit is mainly composed of siltstone, it well connects with outer fertile groundwater and abundant nutrition has supplied into this open system. The high con- centration of acetate is a forceful proof. δ 13C of methane would not turn heavier during fermentation, owing to enough nutrition supply. In spite of multi-occurrence of acetate fermentation, the commercial gas accumulation is dominated by methane of CO2-reduction pathway. A certain content of alkene gases in the biogenic gases suggests that methanogensis is still active at present.

关键词： biogenic gases carbon dioxide carbon isotopes hydrogen isotopes Qaidam Basin

The Xiamaling oil shale generated through Rhodophyta over 800 Ma ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第4期50卷 527-535页

作者： zhang shuichang zhang BaoMin BIAN LiZeng JIN ZhiJun WANG DaRui CHEN JianFa Research Institution of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China CNPC Key Laboratory for Petroleum Geochemistry Beijing 100083China Department of Geosciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Research Institution of Petroleum Exploration&Development SINOPECBeijing 100083China College of Resources and Information University of PetroleumBeijing 102200China

A suit of oil shales, predominated by black argillaceous silicalite and finely laminated black-brown shale, has been discovered in a set of carbonaceous-siliceous mudstone formations (350 m in thickness) in the third member of Xiamaling Formation of the Upper Proterozoic Qingbaikou Series (900―873 MaBP), Xiahuayuan, Hebei Province, China. The oil shale, combustible with strong bitumen odour, has su- per-high TOC contents ranging from 21.4% to 22.9%, bitumen “A” contents from 0.58% to 0.88% and oil length from 5.29% to 10.57%. The ultrathin section observation of the shale and the identification of its kerogen demonstrate that its hydrocarbon-generative parent material is mainly benthonic Rhodophyta whose specific tetrasporangia are legible and abundant. It is rarely reported in the literature that such a hydrocarbon-generative parent material, composed mainly of Rhodophyta and with extraordinarily high contents of TOC and bitumen “A”, developed into a set of high-quality source rocks. The extracts of the oil shale are characteristic of richness in 17α(H)-diahopanes and n-alkyl tricyclic terpenoids but low in steranes. Such a biomarker feature is obviously different from that of the extracts from other Proterozoic marine carbonate source rocks of the studied area. Since the biological constitution of this oil shale is rather simple, it is clear that these biomarkers most likely represent to certain extent the specific mo- lecular constitutions of the benthonic Rhodophyta identified in the ultrathin sections of the samples. Studies on its lithologic association and depositional sequences suggest that this suit of the carbona- ceous-siliceous mudstone formation, which contains oil shales, was probably developed in an under- compensation deep-bay environment when a maximum transgression occurred during the formation of the third member of Xiamaling Formation. The high concentration of SiO2 in this organic-rich rock and the positive correlation between TOC and some trace

关键词： Xiamaling oil shale Rhodophyta 17α(H)-diahopanes Xiamaling Formation Neo-Proterozoic Xiahuayuan

塔里木盆地轮南地区轮南2井油藏的注入史研究——来自流体包裹体的证据

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岩石学报 2000年第4期16卷 670-676页

作者：周凤英张水昌中国石油天然气集团公司石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

轮南 2井为轮南潜山构造 2号高点上的一口高产油气井 ,主要产层为三叠系 ,其次为侏罗系。通过对轮南 2井油藏中流体包裹体分布特征和成分研究 ,结合轮南地区构造演化史 ,埋藏史和生烃史分析 ,明确了塔里木盆地轮南 2井三叠系油藏主要为... 详细信息

轮南 2井为轮南潜山构造 2号高点上的一口高产油气井 ,主要产层为三叠系 ,其次为侏罗系。通过对轮南 2井油藏中流体包裹体分布特征和成分研究 ,结合轮南地区构造演化史 ,埋藏史和生烃史分析 ,明确了塔里木盆地轮南 2井三叠系油藏主要为一次油气大规模注入形成 ,油气注入时间主要在 14～ 16 Ma左右 ,油源来自于中晚奥陶纪烃源岩。侏罗系油藏则具有两次的油气注入 ,第一次的油气注入主要发生在 14～ 16 Ma左右 ,油源来自于中晚奥陶统烃源岩 ,油气沿断层垂向运移为主 ;第二期油气注入主要发生在晚喜山期 (晚第三纪早期 )之后的最近的 5 Ma间 ,主要为沿重新开启的断层向上运移、注入 ,进行油气再次分配和调整。

关键词：塔里木盆地油藏流体包裹体地质特征注入史

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四川盆地海相天然气富集成藏特征与勘探潜力

石油学报 2006年第5期27卷 1-8页

作者：张水昌朱光有中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

四川盆地是一个高度富气的盆地，在四川盆地已发现的海相大中型气田多以孔隙型储层为主，普遍含有硫化氢（一般占天然气体积的0．2％～17％），烃类主要以原油裂解气为主。充足的气源是四川盆地海相油气富集的重要条件，古隆起为海相油... 详细信息

四川盆地是一个高度富气的盆地，在四川盆地已发现的海相大中型气田多以孔隙型储层为主，普遍含有硫化氢（一般占天然气体积的0．2％～17％），烃类主要以原油裂解气为主。充足的气源是四川盆地海相油气富集的重要条件，古隆起为海相油气的聚集提供了圈闭条件，富含膏盐的白云岩储层为硫化氢的形成提供了硫源和催化条件。海相层系大多经历过较大的埋深，这为硫酸盐热化学还原反应的发生提供了热动力条件，而硫酸盐热化学还原反应过程更为原油裂解提供了催化条件，导致气藏中既富含硫化氢又富含甲烷气。研究表明，川东北地区飞仙关组和长兴组成藏条件优越，是最现实的勘探目的层系；四川盆地邻近膏盐层上下的大量薄层席状分布的孔隙型白云岩储层为潜在的勘探目的层；川东地区是四川盆地勘探潜力最大的地区。

关键词：四川盆地海相天然气成藏特征硫化氢硫酸盐热化学还原反应原油裂解勘探潜力

我国有机地球化学研究现状、发展方向和展望——第十二届全国有机地球化学学术会议部分总结

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石油与天然气地质 2010年第3期31卷 265-270,276页

作者：张水昌中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探开发研究院实验研究中心

我国有机地球化学经过近30年的不断发展，已经从油气勘探领域拓展到了煤、生物、环境和气候几大主要研究领域，为我国国民经济发展和社会进步作出了重要贡献，充分显示了其强大的生命力。第十二届全国有机地球化学学术会议在深部烃类流... 详细信息

我国有机地球化学经过近30年的不断发展，已经从油气勘探领域拓展到了煤、生物、环境和气候几大主要研究领域，为我国国民经济发展和社会进步作出了重要贡献，充分显示了其强大的生命力。第十二届全国有机地球化学学术会议在深部烃类流体性质研究、致密砂岩气和页岩气成藏、持久性有机污染物生化特征等方面取得了突出进展，进一步明确了学科发展方向。今后一段时期，①高有机质丰度沉积物形成和空间展布的分析和预测技术，②发展地球化学与地质一体化研究模型，③有机、无机相互作用及烃类矿床的次生蚀变和改造作用，（D各种成因天然气的生成机理、资源潜力和分布预测，以及⑤环境、煤、生物地球化学，将成为中国未来有机地球化学的研究重点。大会提出：①要重视实验数据的重复性、实验方法的可信性、实验结果的可对比性；②针对中国科技发展的需要，我国有机地球化学的发展应该紧跟国际研究热点，加强创新力度，促进多学科交叉，走出一条有机地球化学与地质学的综合研究之路，并在未来非常规天然气勘探开发过程中大有作为。

关键词：发展方向展望研究现状有机地球化学中国

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中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力

石油学报 2009年第6期30卷 793-802页

作者：朱光有张水昌中国石油勘探开发研究院提高采收率国家重点实验室北京100083

随着油气钻探技术的提高和勘探工作的不断深入,深层油气勘探愈来愈被重视,深层将可能成为未来储量增长的重要接替领域。对中国7000m以下深井的钻探资料和深层油气地质资料分析表明,烃源岩的生烃深度下限范围可能较大,高过熟阶段的烃源... 详细信息

随着油气钻探技术的提高和勘探工作的不断深入,深层油气勘探愈来愈被重视,深层将可能成为未来储量增长的重要接替领域。对中国7000m以下深井的钻探资料和深层油气地质资料分析表明,烃源岩的生烃深度下限范围可能较大,高过熟阶段的烃源岩生烃潜力依然存在。深部各类有效储集体的保存深度下限可能下移,以发育裂缝型储集体为主,油气藏类型主要包括早期成藏-后期深埋型、储层深埋后晚期成藏型和多期充注成藏型。早期成藏可以抑制深埋过程中岩石孔隙的萎缩,埋深大于6000m的油藏以裂缝型储集体占优势,断裂带附近裂缝型储集体更为发育,断裂通常是晚期成藏型油气藏的重要输导通道。断裂带附近油气富集程度较高,油气多期充注作用和强烈充注作用往往能提高油气藏的储量丰度。因此,中国中、西部盆地7000m以下层系成藏条件较好,油气资源潜力可观。

关键词：深层油气成藏烃源岩生烃潜力油藏类型油气勘探潜力中国中、西部盆地

压汞法和气体吸附法研究富有机质页岩孔隙特征

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石油学报 2012年第3期33卷 419-427页

作者：田华张水昌柳少波张洪中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

页岩储层孔隙由宏观裂缝到微观纳米级孔隙构成,具有较低的孔隙度。为了对页岩孔隙进行有效分析,将页岩中的孔隙分为3类并分别运用相应的方法对其进行测定:①页岩中的微孔(50nm)应用高压压汞法测定,进而对孔隙分布进行全面分析。利用以... 详细信息

页岩储层孔隙由宏观裂缝到微观纳米级孔隙构成,具有较低的孔隙度。为了对页岩孔隙进行有效分析,将页岩中的孔隙分为3类并分别运用相应的方法对其进行测定:①页岩中的微孔(50nm)应用高压压汞法测定,进而对孔隙分布进行全面分析。利用以上方法对中国典型海相和湖相页岩孔隙进行测定并分析孔隙发育控制因素后发现:①四川盆地海相页岩孔隙发育,其中牛蹄塘组、五峰组较好;②页岩中宏孔主要与矿物相关,微孔、介孔主要与有机质相关;③随着热演化程度升高,页岩中有机孔隙逐渐增大。

关键词：页岩孔隙特征压汞法气体吸附法控制因素

Late Holocene Isotopic and Molecular Signals in Saline Sediments of Lake Cantara South,Australia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第S1期88卷 160-160页

作者： WANG Ruiliang zhang shuichang Brookhaven National Laboratory Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry PetroChina

Isotopic,biomarker,and trace elements of a 65 cm long sedimentary core from Lake Cantara south in Adelaide,Australia were measured in an effort to trace environmental change clues in the southern *** geochemical

关键词： Lake Late Holocene Isotopic and Molecular Signals in Saline Sediments of Lake Cantara South,Australia

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 150-163页

作者： ZHU GuangYou, zhang shuichang & LIANG YingBo Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.

关键词： H2S carbonate rock distribution prediction controlling factors TSR Sichuan Basin