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Control of coupling among three major factors for formation of high-efficiency gas reservoir——A case study on the oolitic beach gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A1期52卷 201-214页

作者： WANG ZeCheng ZHAO WenZhi zhang shuichang WANG HongJun YU Qian Institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Testing Center of Petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Chengdu 610082 China

Through a case study of the high-efficiency gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin, quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of key elements such as hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, and reservoir evolution as well as their interplay in the critical moment of reservoir formation controlled by the energy field were carried out, by means of numerical modeling of the energy field. It was found that the climax time for Permian hydrocarbon generation was Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and accumulation of oil and gas has resulted in large-scale paleoreservoirs in paleostructural traps in Feixianguan Formation, a process facilitated by fractures connecting the sources. The paleoreservoirs have been turned into high-efficiency gas kitchens due to pyrolysis, which resulted from deep burial at a temperature of 170―210 ℃ as induced by tremendously thick sedimentation in the foreland basin of Daba Mountain in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous period. Meanwhile, abundant acid gas like H2S produced from thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR) at high temperatures leads to extensive dissolution of dolostone in the paleoreservoirs, which may in turn result in modification of the reservoirs and preservation of the reservoir rock porosity. The present distribution of gas reservoirs was ultimately determined in the processes of adjustment, cooling and decompression of the paleoreservoirs resulting from intense deformation in the front of Daba Mountain during the Himalayan orogeny.

关键词：数字模型高效率储存四川盆地资源开发

The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic-rich Rocks of North China Craton:Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 293-308页

作者： MA Sihong zhang shuichang SU Jin WANG Xiaomei HE Kun FANG Yu MI Jingkui Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China

Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)*** to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,*** distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given *** results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic *** content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ *** to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the *** to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic *** pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the

关键词： biomarker kerogen rearranged hopanes primary producer heterotrophic microbe Mesoproterozoic North China Craton

Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 1-13页

作者： zhang shuichang &ZHU GuangYou Research Center of Research Institutes of PetroChina Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China Research Center of Research Institutes of PetroChina Exploration and Development

China sedimentary basins present abundant natural gas resource thanks to its unique geological *** highly-matured hydrocarbon source rocks,widespread coal-measure strata and low temperature Quaternary saline strata,etc.,indicate the wide foreground of China natural gas resources. Up to now,most of the petroliferous basins have been discovered to have wholesale natural gas accumulation from Precambrian,Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic in the east,the central,the west and the coast of *** large and medium-scale gas reservoirs are mainly composed of hydrocarbon gas with big dry coefficient,tiny non-hydrocarbon,wide carbon isotope distribution and varying origin types,the hydrocarbon gas includes coal-formed gas,oil-formed gas,biogenic gas and inorganic gas, ***-formed gas is the main type of China natural gas resources,in particular several explored large-scale gas fields(>100 billion cubic meter)of Kela 2,Sulige and Daniudi,etc.,they all belong to coal-formed gas fields or the gas fields consisting mostly of coal-formed ***-formed gas is also abundant in China marine basins,for example marine natural gas of Sichuan Basin generated from crude oil cracking *** and secondary biogenic gas fields were discovered respectively in the Qaidam Basin and Western Slope of Songliao *** addition,inorganic gases are mainly distributed in the eastern China,in particular the Songliao Basin with abundant carbon dioxide accumulation,indicating that the eastern China present large exploration potential of inorganic gas.

关键词： natural gas origin sedimentary basin large and medium-scale gas field

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第19期55卷 2039-2045页

作者： WANG HuiTong WENG Na zhang shuichang ZHU GuangYou CHEN JianPing WEI CaiYun Petroleum Geology Research and Laboratory Center Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry of PetroChina Beijing 100083China State key laboratory of enhanced oil recovery RIPEDPetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOFMS) is commercially available in the 1990s,with the characteristics of large peak capacity,high resolution,high sensitivity,***,its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and *** this research,the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up,via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters,such as temperature programming,modulation time,hot pulse time,flow rate of carrier gas,data acquisition rate and data *** results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC *** each band,homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent *** aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass *** to the polarity and the number of rings,aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram,which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic *** addition,quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×*** heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method,for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic *** development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.

关键词： comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry aromatic compounds heterocycliccompounds petroleum geological experiments

Early Cambrian syndepositional structure of the northern Tarim Basin and a discussion of Cambrian subsalt and deep exploration

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第6期46卷 1141-1152页

作者： GUAN Shuwei zhang Chunyu REN Rong zhang shuichang WU Lin WANG Lei MA Peiling HAN Changwei Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Korla Branch of Geophysical Research Institute BGP Inc.Korla 841000China

Using field geological survey,drilling and seismic data,combined with the study of regional tectonic evolution and structural deformation,as well as lithological and sedimentary analysis,we reconstructed the basin filling process and paleo-geography of north Tarim Basin in Early Cambrian,aiming to analyze the factors controlling the distribution and spatial architecture of the subsalt reservoir and source units and to define the favorable exploration *** Late Sinian tectonic activities in the northern Tarim Basin were characterized by different patterns in different areas,which controlled the sedimentary pattern in the Early *** boundary faults of Nanhuaian rift basin in the south slope of Tabei uplift and the north slope of Tazhong uplift became reactivated in the Early Cambrian,forming two NEE and EW striking subsidence centers and depocenters,where the predicted thickness of the Yurtusi Formation could reach 250 *** the Xiaoerbulake period,the weak rimmed platform was developed in the hanging wall of syndepositional *** the Nanhuaian rift system in the Tadong and Manxi areas were uplifted and destroyed in the Late Sinian,and appeared as gently slope transiting toward the subsidence center in the Early *** former had the sedimentary features of hybrid facies platform and the latter had the sedimentary features of ramp *** black shale of the Yurtus Formation in the footwall of syndepositional fault and the reef bank of Xiaoerbulake Formation platform margin in the hanging wall in Early Cambrian constitute a predicable source-reservoir *** activity intensity of syndepositional fault controlled the thickness of black shale and the scale of the reef *** is suggested carrying out high accuracy seismic exploration to determine the location of Early Cambrian syndepositional faults,on this basis,to search the reef bank of Xiaoerbulake Formation along the faults westward,and then drill risk exploration we

关键词： Early Cambrian syndepositional structure bedded chert paleogeography subsalt exploration Lower Cambrian Yurtusi Formation Tarim Basin prototype basin

A discussion on the upper limit of maturity for gas generation by marine kerogens and the utmost of gas generative potential:Taking the study on the Tarim Basin as an example

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A1期52卷 125-132页

作者： CHEN JianPing ZHAO WenZhi XIAO ZhongYao zhang shuichang DENG ChunPing SUN YongGe WANG ZhaoMing Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPC Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Koda 841000 China State Key Lab of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

The experimental data yielded by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen atomic H/C, Py-GC and gold-tube sealing thermal simulation on the marine Cambrian-Ordovician source rock from the Tarim Basin revealed that the upper limit of maturity for natural gas generation or the "deadline of gas generation" for marine types I and II kerogens is equal to 3.0% of vitrinite reflectance (Ro); while the "deadline of gas generation" for type III kerogens typically like coals is as high as 10% Ro. Thus, different organic matter has obviously different utmost maturities for gas generation. The mass-balance calculation by kerogen elements showed that when Ro>1.5%, the utmost amount of gas generation for the marine type II kerogen is less than 185 m3/t TOC, accounting for less than 30% of its total hydrocarbon generative potential; when Ro>2.0%, it becomes 110 m3/t TOC, less than 20% of the total hydrocarbon generative potential. The amount of the gas generative potential obtained by Rock-Eval is only around one tenth of the calculated value by the mass balance of kerogen elements at the same thermal evolutionary stage, while those by Py-GC and gold-tube sealing simulation are intervenient between the above two. The utmost of gas generative potential at the over 1.3% Ro stage is around 60―90 m3/t TOC, therefore, the amount of gas generation obtained by Rock-Eval is the minimum of gas generative potential, while that by the mass-balance calculation of kerogen elements is the maximum that the actual amount of gas generation should not exceed.

关键词：油母岩质海洋源岩石天然气

Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and exploration prospects of Proterozoic source rocks in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第6期62卷 909-934页

作者： Wenzhi ZHAO Xiaomei WANG Suyun HU shuichang zhang Huajian WANG Shuwei GUAN Yuntao YE Rong REN Tongshan WANG Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina

A large number of primary oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Proterozoic strata all over the *** sequences are widely distributed in China, and the discovery of large Sinian-aged gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Mesoproterozoic liquid oil seepages in North China shows that attention should be paid to the exploration potential of Proterozoic strata. In this paper, the main controlling factors of Proterozoic source rocks are discussed. Principally, active atmospheric circulation and astronomical cycles may have driven intense upwelling and runoff to provide nutrients; oxygenated oceanic surface waters could have provided suitable environments for the organisms to thrive; volcanic activity and terrestrial weathering caused by continental break-up would have injected large amounts of nutrients into the ocean, leading to persistent blooms of marine organisms; and extensive anoxic deep waters may have created ideal conditions for the preservation of organic matter. Additionally, the appearance of eukaryotes resulted in diversified hydrocarbon parent material, which effectively improved the generation potential for oil and gas. Through the comparison of Formations across different cratons, seven sets of Proterozoic organic-rich source rocks have been recognized in China, which mainly developed during interglacial periods and are also comparable worldwide. The Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in North China have already been identified previously as Mesoproterozoic source rocks. The early Proterozoic Changchengian System is highly promising as a potential source rock in the Ordos Basin. In the Upper Yangtze area, the Neoproterozoic Datangpo and Doushantuo Formations are extensively distributed, and represent the major source rocks for Sinian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, the Nanhuan System may contain abundant shales with high organic matter contents in the Tarim Basin, although this possibility still needs to be veri

关键词： Proterozoic Source rocks Hydrocarbon generation characteristics Replacement field

An analysis of major scientific problems and research paths of Gulong shale oil in Daqing Oilfield, NE China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第3期48卷 527-540页

作者： SUN Longde LIU He HE Wenyuan LI Guoxin zhang shuichang ZHU Rukai JIN Xu MENG Siwei JIANG Hang PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd. Daqing 163002China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China PetroChina Exploration&Production Company Beijing 100724China

After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.

关键词： Songliao Basin Gulong Sag continental shale oil resource endowment reservoir characteristics scientific problem research direction

Gulong shale oil enrichment mechanism and orderly distribution of conventional–unconventional oils in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第5期50卷 1045-1059页

作者： zhang shuichang zhang Bin WANG Xiaomei FENG Zihui HE Kun WANG Huajian FU Xiuli LIU Yuke YANG Chunlong PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China CNPC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Beijing 100083China National Key Laboratory for Multi-resource Collaborated Green Development of Continental Shale Oil Daqing 163712China PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd.Daqing 163712China

Through the study of organic matter enrichment,hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process of black shale of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin,the enrichment mechanism of Gulong shale oil and the distribution of conventional–unconventional oil are *** Songliao Basin is a huge interior lake basin formed in the Early Cretaceous under the control of the subduction and retreat of the western Pacific plate and the massive horizontal displacement of the Tanlu Fault Zone in Northeast *** the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation,strong terrestrial hydrological cycle led to the lake level rise of the ancient Songliao Basin and the input of a large amount of nutrients,resulting in planktonic bacteria and algae *** seawater intrusion events promoted the formation of salinization stratification and anoxic environment in the lake,which were beneficial to the enrichment of organic *** analysis confirms that the biogenic organic matter of planktonic bacteria and algae modified by microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of high-quality source rocks with high oil generation *** are four favorable conditions for the enrichment of light shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin:the moderate organic matter abundance and high oil potential provide sufficient material basis for oil enrichment;high degree of thermal evolution makes shale oil have high GOR and good mobility;low hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency leads to a high content of retained hydrocarbons in the source rock;and the confinement effect of intra-layer cement in the high maturity stage induces the efficient accumulation of light shale *** restoration of hydrocarbon accumulation process suggests that liquid hydrocarbons generated in the early(low–medium maturity)stage of the Qingshankou Formation source rocks accumulated in placanticline and slope after long-distance secondary migr

关键词： Songliao Basin Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Gulong shale oil organic carbon storage orderly distribution of conventional-unconventional oil fault sealing whole petroleum system shale oil enrichment