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A novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1759-1778页

作者： Huajian WANG shuichang zhang Xiaomei WANG Jin SU Yuntao YE Yuke LIU Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results in a negative ***,global events such as the BAsal Cambrian Carbon isotope Excursion(BACE)and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE)are global negative and positive δ^(13)C excursions,respectively,and they also exhibit significant organic carbon burial anomalies,displaying decoupling between carbon isotope anomalies and organic carbon *** on the analyses of the Cambrian carbon cycle and paleoceanographic evolution records from well Tadong2 in the Tarim Basin,we propose a novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean that incorporates oceanic dissolved organic carbon(DOC).Our findings are as follows.(1)The Cambrian ocean maintained substantial DOC reservoirs,which were regulated by ocean currents and paleo-redox conditions and exerted significant influence on the oceanic carbon cycle.(2)The oxidation of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the early Cambrian led to the BACE and the Asian Phenomenon of the Cambrian petroleum systems,while the expansion of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the SPICE resulted in a global positive δ^(13)C excursion and the absence of significant organic carbon burial.(3)The deep-basin sedimentary environment in the eastern depression of the Tarim Basin may have fostered the development of organic-rich black shales during the Furongian Series,corresponding to organic carbon burial during the SPICE and representing potential prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas *** research should focus on the formation mechanism,reserve scale,and influencing factors of the oceanic DOC reservoirs,as well as their resource and environmental *** is expected that new breakthroughs will be made in the fields of Earth system science and oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Carbon isotope Organic carbon BACE SPICE Dissolved organic carbon Climate change Black shale

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Uncover the diagenetic water condition and dolomite formation in the Songliao Basin 91 Ma

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuke Liu Huajian Wang Jinyou zhang Yuntao Ye Xiaomei Wang shuichang zhang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development National Key Laboratory for Multi-resource Collaborated Green Development of Continental Shale Oil Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development， Institute of Geology and Geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co.， Ltd.

Lacustrine dolomite is receiving increasing attention to answer the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and “dolomite problem”. Here， a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity， alkalinity， and redox conditions of the diagenetic water. Multiple proxies， including bulk boron （B） content， B isotope composition (δ11Bbul)， boron to gallium weight ratio （B/Ga） and carbonate oxygen isotope composition (δ18Ocarb)， were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh. Through numerical simulation， we calculated the B contents， δ11B values and B/Ga in detritus （e.g.， clay， quartz and feldspar） and dolomite as two endmembers， confirming the intense interference of clay minerals on δ11Bbul. By using the fitted δ11B of dolomite endmember （20.6‰）， we calculated the pH value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2. The negative δ11B value of detritus endmember （-12.9‰） might be related to the terrestrial weathering. The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio （Sr/Ba） was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system. High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicated a sulfate-poor water condition， consistent with the iron-manganese （Fe-Mn） reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio. The positive carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb， 4.5‰-9.4‰) indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite， coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water. The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria， which had not only maintained the salinity， pH， and redox status of the diagenetic water， but also led to a ferric-methane transition zone （FMTZ）. This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water， which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.

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地球系统演化对中国海相超深层油气形成与富集的控制作用

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石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 759-773页

作者：张水昌王华建苏劲王晓梅何坤柳宇柯中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 中国石油天然气集团有限公司油气地球化学重点实验室北京100083

以四川盆地和塔里木盆地古生界为例,详细论述了地球系统演化和多圈层相互作用对中国海相超深层油气形成与富集的控制作用。通过探讨超大陆散聚和区域构造运动控制下的盆地“源-储-盖”叠置发育和匹配程度,以及温压系统和断裂输导体系控... 详细信息

以四川盆地和塔里木盆地古生界为例,详细论述了地球系统演化和多圈层相互作用对中国海相超深层油气形成与富集的控制作用。通过探讨超大陆散聚和区域构造运动控制下的盆地“源-储-盖”叠置发育和匹配程度,以及温压系统和断裂输导体系控制的油气生成和富集机制,发现华南和塔里木陆块同步漂移过程中,两次经过低纬度哈德里环流带的热带辐合区(ITCZ),均形成了优质烃源岩;提出深部构造活动和地表气候演变共同控制了四川盆地和塔里木盆地超深层烃源岩、储层和盖层的类型和发育层位,形成了埃迪卡拉系—寒武系、寒武系—奥陶系、寒武系—二叠系和二叠系—三叠系的多个油气系统。源-储-盖匹配程度、烃源岩母质类型、盆地深部热体制和跨构造期埋深-隆升过程,联合控制油气从生成到富集的全过程,形成了台缘带近源充注成藏、高能滩远源断裂连通成藏、走滑破裂带立体成藏3种油气富集模式,最终促使四川盆地超深层多层系天然气富集和塔里木盆地超深层油气共富集。

关键词：地球系统演化圈层相互作用古生界海相超深层油气塔里木盆地四川盆地

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Preface:Special Topics on Ultra-deep Oil and Gas Exploration

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1257-1258页

作者： zhang shuichang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Chinese National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China

The term’ultra-deep layers’refers to those sedimentary formations which are currently,or have been,buried at depths exceeding 6000 *** has continuously achieved major oil and gas breakthroughs in marine ultra-deep exploration,significantly promoting the strategic level of ultra-deep oil and gas resources over recent *** ultra-deep formations of the cratonic basins in China are predominantly constrained to Precambrian to lower Paleozoic marine stratigraphy.

关键词： formations sedimentary buried

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The Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 2043-2068页

作者： shuichang zhang Huajian WANG Xiaomei WANG Yuntao YE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum CorporationBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

The accumulation of oxygen is one of the most important characteristics that distinguish Earth from other planets in the solar system,which is also considered to be the key factor influencing the birth and evolution of complex life *** oxygenation process of the Earth surface has long been viewed to be episodic with two critical intervals occurring in the early Paleoproterozoic(2.45-2.10 Ga)and the late Neoproterozoic(0.80-0.54 Ga),with a 1.3-billion-year-long low oxygen period in ***,increasing independent works carried out by different scientific teams in the Yanliao Basin,North China are demonstrating that the atmospheric oxygen concentrations had reached>4%PAL(present atmospheric levels)at least during 1.59-1.56,1.44-1.43,and 1.40-1.36 *** estimated values are higher than the previously recommended values of<0.1-1%*** a scenario discovered in the Yanliao Basin is consistent with the synchronously deposited strata in Australia and Siberia,pointing to a Mesoproterozoic oxygenation event(1.59-1.36 Ga)between the two major oxygenation intervals during the *** Mesoproterozoic oxygenation event is coupled with the break-up of the Columbia(Nuna)supercontinent,the formation of organic-rich shales and Fe-Mn deposits,and the early innovation of eukaryotic algae,indicating that the geological and biological co-evolutionary processes control the Earth surface system.

关键词： Earth system Mesoproterozoic Oxygen North China Yanliao Basin Xiamaling Formation Gaoyuzhuang Formation

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Characteristics and quantitative of negative ion in salt aqueous solution by Raman spectroscopy at 170℃

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 124-132页

作者： zhang Nai zhang Dajiang zhang shuichang zhang Dijia Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Department Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Key Laboratory for Oil and Gas Reservoirs CNPC Beijing 100083 China

The results from Raman spectroscopy analysis of salt aqueous solutions at?170℃demonstrate that for those clearly sharp iron peaks whose Raman wavenumber is close to each other such as NO_(3)and CO^(2)_(3),their original shape could be restorable by the stripping technique,and that ice’s sharp characteristic peak(3090―3109 cm^(-1))is steady,while the spectrum band of the complex compound(nCl―[H^(+)―OH]_(n))chlorine ion combined chemically with water molecule is 3401―3413 cm^(-1).On the other hand,the research shows that the higher the negative iron concen-tration,the stronger its Raman characteristic peak intensity and the smaller the ice’*** on the number of data and theoretical work,the strong correlation of the molar concentration of negative ion with the S_(i)/S_(H_(2)O)band area ratio is built ***,the developed Raman method is successfully used in the component analysis of the field fluid inclusions from Silurian sandstone in Tarim basin.

关键词： Raman negative ion complex compound nCl--[H^(+)-OH-]_(n) concentration Tarim basin.

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Autochthonous Dolomitization and Dissolution in the Microbial Carbonate Rocks of the Fengjiawan Formation in the Ordos Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1376-1387页

作者： zhang Jing zhang Baomin zhang shuichang WANG Huajian Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Many euhedral dolomite crystals and related pores are found in the microbial siliceous stromatolite dolomite and siliceous oolitic dolomite in the Fengjiawan Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian System in the southern Ordos *** the application of the microscope,scanning electron microscope,cathodoluminescence and in-situ trace element imaging,it can be seen that different from the phase I dolomite that was damaged by silicification,the intact euhedral phase II dolomite occurred through dolomitization after silicification,concentrated mainly in the organic-rich dark laminae of the stromatolite and the dark spheres and cores of the ooids.A considerable number of phase II dolomite crystals were dissolved,giving rise to mold pores and vugs which constituted the matrix pores and also the major pore space of the Fengjiawan *** formation and dissolution of the dolomite were controlled by the microenvironment favorable,respectively,for carbonate precipitation and dissolution under the influence of microbial biological activities and related biochemical *** driving force and material supply of dolomitization and dissolution were confined to the fabrics enriched with microorganisms,which are highly *** mechanism may be a key factor for the development of Precambrian dolomite and related reservoirs,in the context of the domination of microbial rocks.

关键词： microbial carbonate rock autochthonous dolomitization dissolution Fengjiawan Formation Ordos Basin

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Comparison of geochemical parameters derived from comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1892-1901页

作者： WANG HuiTong WENG Na zhang shuichang ZHU GuangYou WEI CaiYun Petroleum Geology Research and Laboratory Center Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆ Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry ofPetroChina Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery R1PED PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of crude oil samples have been analyzed by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GCxGC-TOFMS） and conventional gas chro- matography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. In order to investigate the consistency and discrepancy of the obtained data from the two instruments, some petroleum geochemical parameters have been compared. A comparison of 23 geochemical parameters indicates that 10 parameters are comparable from the two instruments with less than 5% deviations. Therefore, GCxGC-TOFMS is equivalent to conventional GC-MS in some geochemical parameter acquisitions. However, the other 13 parameters are discrepant, including gammacerane / αβ-hopane, Ts/Tm, 2-ethyl-naphthalene / 1-ethyl-naphthalene （ENR）, （2, 6-dimethyl-naphthalene ＋2,7-dimethyl-naphthalene） / 1,5-dimethyl-naphthalene （DNR）, etc. Furthermore, compared to GCxGC-TOFMS, some low concentration compounds could not be detected by the conventional GC-MS, which results in the missing of related geochemical data. Normally, this is caused by the limited separation power and peak capacity of the conventional GC column. Besides, the co-eluting peak integrations are also affected significantly due to the incomplete separation of the compounds. Some low concentration compounds might not be detected because of the interference from the baseline noise or from other substances. GCxGC-TOFMS prevails in compound separation against the conventional GC-MS by avoiding co-elution, which achieves more accurate and precise peak area measurement with the presence of a true baseline. So petroleum geochemical parameters obtained from the GCxGC-TOFMS GCxGC-TOFMS may become one of the most effective analytical are more reliable than those from the conventional GC-MS tools for the oil and gas geochemical study.

关键词： comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry geochemical parameters

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Sedimentary Environments of Cambrian-Ordovician Source Rocks and Ultra-deep Petroleum Accumulation in the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1259-1276页

作者： zhang shuichang SU Jin WANG Xiaomei MA Sihong Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPCBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Enhancing Oil Recovery Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaBeijing 100083China

The Tarim Basin is the only petroliferous basin enriched with marine oil and gas in *** is presently also the deepest basin for petroleum exploration and development in the *** are two main sets of marine Source Rocks(SRs)in the Tarim Basin,namely the high over-mature Cambrian-Lower Ordovician(∈-O_(1))and the moderately mature Middle-Upper Ordovician(O_(2-3)).The characteristic biomarkers of SRs and oils indicate that the main origin of the marine petroleum is a mixed source of∈-O_(1) and O_(2-3) *** increasing burial,the hydrocarbon contribution of the∈-O_(1) SRs gradually *** by the superposition of multi-stage hydrocarbon-generation of the SRs and various secondary alteration processes,the emergence and abnormal enrichment of terpenoids,thiophene and trimethylaryl isoprenoid in deep reservoirs indicate a complex genesis of various deep oils and *** the analysis of the biofacies and sedimentary environments of the∈-O_(1) and O_(2-3) SRs,it is shown that the lower Paleozoic high-quality SRs in the Tarim Basin were mainly deposited in a passive continental margin and the gentle slope of the platform,deep-water shelf and slope facies,which has exhibited a good response to the local tectonic-sedimentary *** slope of the paleo-uplift is the mutual area for the development of carbonate reservoirs and the deposition of marine SRs,which would be favorable for the accumulation of *** to the characteristics of low ground temperature,the latest rapid and deep burial does not cause massive oil-cracking in the paleo-uplift and slope ***,it is speculated that the marine reservoirs in the slope of the Tabei Uplift are likely to be a favorable area for deep petroleum exploration,while the oilcracking gas would be a potential reserve around the west margin of the Manjiaer *** were generated from various unit SRs,mainly migrating along the lateral unconformities or reservoirs and the

关键词： biomarkers organic carbon isotopes compound specific isotopes marine source rock deep reservoirs

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Organic carbon cycling and black shale deposition:an Earth System Science perspective

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National Science Review 2023年第11期10卷 209-223页

作者： Zhijun Jin Xiaomei Wang Huajian Wang Yuntao Ye shuichang zhang Institute of Energy Peking University Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry Central Laboratory of Geological SciencesResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and DevelopmentChina National Petroleum Corporation Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University

Earth has a prolonged history characterized by substantial cycling of matter and energy between multiple spheres. The production of organic carbon can be traced back to as early as ～4.0 Ga, but the frequency and scale of organic-rich shales have varied markedly over geological time. In this paper, we discuss the organic carbon cycle and the development of black shale from the perspective of Earth System Science. We propose that black shale depositions are the results of interactions among lithospheric evolution, orbital forcing,weathering, photosynthesis and degradation. Black shales can record Earth’s oxygenation process, provide petroleum and metallic mineral resources and reveal information about the driver, direction and magnitude of climate change. Future research on black shales should be expanded to encompass a more extensive and more multidimensional perspective.

关键词： black shale Earth System Science carbon cycle petroleum resource climate change

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