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从天文学和物理学的发展理解科学方法的3次飞跃

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科技导报 2024年第10期42卷 55-64页

作者：张双南中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理中心北京100049

科学已经成为人类文明的重要组成部分,科学的3个要素分别是科学的目的、精神和方法。理解科学方法对于理解科学和发展科学至关重要。从天文学和物理学的发展过程以及其中的若干典型和里程碑事件(包括近年来几次天文学研究领域获得的诺... 详细信息

科学已经成为人类文明的重要组成部分,科学的3个要素分别是科学的目的、精神和方法。理解科学方法对于理解科学和发展科学至关重要。从天文学和物理学的发展过程以及其中的若干典型和里程碑事件(包括近年来几次天文学研究领域获得的诺贝尔物理学奖)展开分析,将科学方法的建立和发展归纳总结为科学方法的3次飞跃,即希腊古典和希腊化时期“从形而上学到实在精确的科学”、科学革命时期“从观察思辨的科学到实验科学”以及现代科学时期“从证实的科学到证伪的科学”。

关键词：科学史科学科学方法

Progress Report on Insight-HXMT:China's First X-ray Astronomy Satellite

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 655-661页

作者： zhang shuangnan Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049

Insight-HXIUT is China's hrst X-ray astronomy satellite.It was launched on 15 June 2017 and is currently in service smoothly.Insight-HXMT has been used to scan the Galactic plane repeatedly,making pointing observations to neutron stars and black holes,and monitor the whole sky continuously in the MeV band.Insight-HXMT is also very flexible in making ToO observations,with the response time from about 3 hours to within a day.So far more than 50 refereed publications have been made with data from its observations;many more publications have used the data or results of Insight-HXMT one way or another.The scientific impacts of Insight-HXMT have been growing rapidly since launch.We expect Insight-HXMT to continue to operate for several more years.

关键词： X-ray astronomy Black holes Neutron stars Gamma-Ray Bursts(GRBs)

Status of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT) Project

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空间科学学报 2018年第5期38卷 623-626页

作者： LU Fangjun zhang shuangnan Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 15, 2017, and was named as Insight-HXMT after the launch. Now all the instruments work properly in space, dozens of sources have been observed, and some early scientific results have been published. The nominal lifetime of Insight-HXMT is 4 years.

关键词：检查调整望远镜卫星发射中心工程

China’s Space Astronomy and Solar Physics in 2011—2012

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空间科学学报 2012年第5期32卷 605-617页

作者： zhang shuangnan YAN Yihua GAN Weiqun Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008

In the first part of this paper,we describe briefly the mid and long-term plan of Chinese space astronomy,its preliminary study program,the current status of satellite missions undertaken, and the current status of astronomy experiments in China's manned space flight program.In the second part,the recent research progress made in the fields of solar physics is summarized briefly, including solar vector magnetic field,solar flares,CME and filaments,solar radio and nonthermal processes,EUV waves,MHD waves and coronal waves,solar model and helioseismology,solar wind and behavior of solar cycle.

关键词： Space astronomy Solar physics

Space Astronomy in China:2008-2010

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空间科学学报 2010年第5期30卷 424-426页

作者： Gan Weiqun zhang shuangnan Yan Yihua Chang Jin Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences

In 2008 to 2010,the main activities in Chinese space astronomy were focused on:fulfilling the long-term plan of Chinese space astronomy;initiating the long-term plan of Chinese space astronomy;undertaking some astronomical missions set by CNSA in "Development Program of Space Science for 2006-2010".This paper summarizes in brief all these activities.

关键词：空间天文学中国长期计划空间科学行政学院

Black Hole Mass and Spin Measurements and Accretion Disk Evolution in X-ray Binaries

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2011年第3期25卷 182-191页

作者： zhang shuangnan Institute of High Energy Physics CASBeijing100049 National Astronomical Observatories of China CAS100012Beijing

1。在在布拉格的国际天体的联合 IAU GA 的 2006 代表大会的介绍，捷克的共和国，我被邀请把一篇公共讲话送到天文学和一般公众的地的一个很宽广的观众；我随后出版了在不同规模黑人洞命名类似的现象的谈话的摘要，

关键词： Black Hole Mass Spin Measurements

Review of X-ray pulsar spacecraft autonomous navigation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第10期36卷 44-63页

作者： Yidi WANG Wei ZHENG shuangnan zhang Minyu GE Liansheng LI Kun JIANG Xiaoqian CHEN Xiang zhang Shijie ZHENG Fangjun LU College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100080China Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology Beijing 100091China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100091China Academy of Military Science Beijing 100091China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military ScienceBeijing 100091China

This article provides a review on X-ray pulsar-based navigation(XNAV).The review starts with the basic concept of XNAV,and briefly introduces the past,present and future projects concerning XNAV.This paper focuses on the advances of the key techniques supporting XNAV,including the navigation pulsar database,the X-ray detection system,and the pulse time of arrival estimation.Moreover,the methods to improve the estimation performance of XNAV are reviewed.Finally,some remarks on the future development of XNAV are provided.

关键词： Estimation of pulse time of arrival Spacecraft autonomous navigation X-ray detection X-ray pulsar-based navigation X-ray pulsar signal processing

Hard X-Ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT) Mission

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空间科学学报 2006年第Z1期26卷 30-41页

作者： LI Tipei zhang shuangnan LU Fangjun Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Department of Physics Tsinghua University Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The HXMT mission concept consists of a slat-collimated hard X-ray detector assembly sensitive in 20～250 keV with a collection area of about 5000 cm2. Based on the reconstruction technique by direct demodulation developed in recent years, HXMT is mainly devoted to performing a hard X-ray all-sky imaging survey with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. It can also be used to make pointed observations of X-ray sources to study their spectroscopic and temporal properties in details. The main detector of HXMT consists of 18 individual cylindrical NaI(T1)/CsI(Na) phoswich modules, each with anarea of 283.5 cm2 and a field of view of 5.7°× 1.1° (FWHM). Its spatial resolution and position accuracy are 5′ and 1′ by using the direct demodulation in 1994, and in 2000 its feasibility and technical demonstration study was selected as a project under the Major State Basic Research Program of China. In October 2005, this project entered the full design phase and was listed as a candidate for the first dedicated astronomy satellite around 2010. We are now also considering secondary low energy instruments for this satellite.

关键词： Space Astronomy, Hard X-ray, Satellite

X-Ray Fine Structure of a Limb Solar Flare Revealed by Insight-HXMT,RHESSI and Fermi

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第5期22卷 47-55页

作者： Ping zhang Wei Wang Yang Su shuangnan zhang Liming Song Fangjun Lu Shu zhang Department of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China WHU-NAOC Joint Center for Astronomy Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We conduct a detailed analysis of an M1.3 limb flare occurring on 2017 July 3,which have the X-ray observations recorded by multiple hard X-ray telescopes,including Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT),Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager(RHESSI),and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).Joint analysis has also used the extreme ultraviolet(EUV)imaging data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly(AIA)aboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory.The hard X-ray spectral and imaging evolution suggest a lower corona source,and the non-thermal broken power law distribution has a rather low break energy~15 keV.The EUV imaging shows a rather stable plasma configuration before the hard X-ray peak phase,and accompanied by a filament eruption during the hard X-ray flare peak phase.Hard X-ray image reconstruction from RHESSI data only shows one foot point source.We also determined the DEM for the peak phase by SDO/AIA data.The integrated EM beyond 10 MK at foot point onset after the peak phase,while the>10 MK source around reconnection site began to fade.The evolution of EM and hard X-ray source supports lower corona plasma heating after non-thermal energy dissipation.The combination of hard X-ray spectra and images during the limb flare provides the understanding on the interchange of non-thermal and thermal energies,and relation between lower corona heating and the upper corona instability.

关键词： Sun flares-Sun corona-Sun X-rays-gamma-rays-plasmas-radiation mechanisms non-thermal-radiation mechanisms thermal