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Breakthrough of Carbon-Ash Recalcitrance in Hydrochar via Molten Carbonate:Engineering Mineral-Rich Biowaste Toward Sustainable Platform Carbon Materials

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 167-177页

作者： Zihan Wang Leli zhang Yuanhui zhang Zhidan Liu Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and EnvironmentMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Water Resources and Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The function-led design of porous hydrochar from mineral-rich biowaste for environmental applications inevitably suffers from carbon-ash ***,a method to alter the original carbon skeleton with ash remains elusive and hinders the availability of ***,we propose a facile strategy for breaking the rigid structure of carbon-ash coupled hydrochar using phase-tunable molten carbonates.A case system was designed in which livestock manure and NaHCO3 were used to prepare the activated hydrochar,and NH3 served as the target *** to the redox effect,we found that organic fractions significantly advanced the melting temperature of Na2CO3 below 800℃.The Na species steadily broke the carbon-ash interaction as the thermal intensity increased and transformed inorganic constituents to facilitate ash dissolution,rebuilding the hydrochar skeleton with abundant hierarchical channels and active defect *** surface polarity and mesopore distribution collectively governed the five cycles NH3 adsorption attenuation *** hydrochar delivered favorable potential for application with a maximum overall adsorption capacity of 100.49 mg·g^(-1).Integrated spectroscopic characterization and theoretical computations revealed that incorporating NH3 on the carbon surface could transfer electrons to chemisorbed oxygen,which promoted the oxidation of pyridine-N during *** work offers deep insight into the structure function correlation of hydrochar and inspires a more rational design of engineered hydrochar from high-ash biowaste.

关键词： Hydrochar Livestock manure Ammonia adsorption Deashing Oxygen activation

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Three-dimensional porous bimetallic metal–organic framework/gelatin aerogels: A readily recyclable peroxymonosulfate activator for efficient and continuous organic dye removal

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 193-202页

作者： Wenlong Xiang Xian zhang Rou Xiao Yanhui zhang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentFujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation TechnologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China Fujian Provincial University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control Minnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China

As promising catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)often face limitations due to the particle agglomeration and challenging recovery in liquid-catalysis application,stemming from their powdery *** macroscopic structures from pulverous MOF is thus of great importance for broadening their practical *** this study,three-dimensional porous MOF aerogel catalysts were successfully fabricated for degrading organic dyes by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS).MOF/gelatin aerogel(MOF/GA)catalysts were prepared by directly integrating bimetallic FeCo-BDC with gelatin solutions,followed by freeze-drying and low-temperature *** FeCo-BDC-0.15/GA/PMS system exhibited remarkable performance in degrading various organic dyes,eliminating 99.2%of rhodamine B within a mere 5 *** to the GA/PMS system,there was over a 300-fold increase in the reaction rate ***,high removal efficiency was maintained across varying conditions,including different solution pH,co-existing inorganic anions,and natural water *** trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that the degradation involved radical(SO_(4)^(-)·)and non-radical routes(^(1)O_(2)),of which ^(1)O_(2) was ***,even after a continuous 400-min reaction in a fixed-bed reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity of 27 h^(-1),the FeCo-BDC/GA composite sustained a degradation efficiency exceeding 98.7%.This work presents highly active MOF-gelatin aerogels for dye degradation and expands the potential for their large-scale,continuous treatment application in organic dye wastewater management.

关键词： Catalyst Environment Wastewater Metal–organic framework Gelatin aerogel Peroxymonosulfate

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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Vitrification cryopreservation of ligaments based on zwitterionic betaine

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第8期72卷 1-9页

作者： Liming zhang Xinmeng Liu Haoyue Li Lei zhang Department of Biochemical Engineering Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(MOE)School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China

Ligament cryopreservation enables a prolonged shelf life of allogeneic ligament grafts,which is fundamentally important to ligament ***,conventional cryopreservation techniques fail to eliminate the damage caused by ice crystal growth and the toxicity of cryopreservation agents(CPAs).Here,we report a novel CPA vitrification formulation primarily composed of betaine for ligament *** optimization was conducted on the methods for vitrification and rewarming,as well as the loading and unloading conditions,based on the critical cooling rate(CCR),critical warming rate(CWR),and permeation properties of the *** biomechanical and histological level tests,we demonstrate the superior performance of our method in ligament *** 30 days of vitrification cryopreservation,parameters such as the Young's modulus,tensile stress,denaturation temperature,and glycosaminoglycans content of the ligament remained essentially *** work pioneers the application of ice-free cryopreservation for ligament and holds great potential for improving the long-term storage of ligament,providing valuable insights for future cryopreservation technique development.

关键词： Ligament Betaine Vitrification Cryopreservation

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Carbon nanotubes and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets co-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites:Improved electrical property for cable accessory applications

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 546-555页

作者： Tiandong zhang Huiduo Xu Chuanxian Dai Changhai zhang Yongquan zhang Qingguo Chi School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbinChina

Rubber-based composites based on ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)with excellent non-linear electrical conductivity are preferred to serve as reinforced insu-lation in cable accessories,which can self-adaptively regulate electric field distribution and avoid electric field concentration due to the non-linear *** conductive carbon nanotubes(CNT)are filled into EPDM to improve the non-linear conductivity,while the insulating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(h-BN)are used to reconcile the electric breakdown *** results show that with the increase of CNT loading content,the non-linear conductivity of CNT/h-BN/EPDM com-posites becomes more prominent,accompanying the decrease of threshold field strength and increase of non-linear ***,the electric breakdown strength of CNT/h-BN/EPDM composites seriously deteriorates due to the increase of CNT content and *** incorporating 10 wt.%h-BN into the com-posites,the reduction percentage of breakdown strength can be significantly lowered,which is 19.95%of neat EPDM and 13.74%of CNT/h-BN/EPDM composites at 70℃,*** COMSOL Multiphysics simulation results demonstrate that using the CNT/h-BN/EPDM composite as the reinforced insulation can eliminate the electric field concentration of the cable accessory as well as enable the cable accessory with good lightning shock resistance.

关键词： composites hexagonal boron

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Elliptical encirclement control capable of reinforcing performances for UAVs around a dynamic target

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 104-119页

作者： Fei zhang Xingling Shao Yi Xia Wendong zhang National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China

Most researches associated with target encircling control are focused on moving along a circular orbit under an ideal environment free from external ***,elliptical encirclement with a time-varying observation radius,may permit a more flexible and high-efficacy enclosing solution,whilst the non-orthogonal property between axial and tangential speed components,non-ignorable environmental perturbations,and strict assignment requirements empower elliptical encircling control to be more challenging,and the relevant investigations are still *** this line,an appointed-time elliptical encircling control rule capable of reinforcing circumnavigation performances is developed to enable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)to move along a specified elliptical path within a predetermined reaching *** remarkable merits of the designed strategy are that the relative distance controlling error can be guaranteed to evolve within specified regions with a designer-specified convergence ***,wind perturbations can be online counteracted based on an unknown system dynamics estimator(USDE)with only one regulating parameter and high computational *** tool demonstrates that all involved error variables are ultimately limited,and simulations are implemented to confirm the usability of the suggested control algorithm.

关键词： Elliptical encirclement Reinforced performances Wind perturbations UAVs

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Exhaust hood performance and its improvement technologies in industrial buildings:A literatu rereview

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 23-40页

作者： Jing zhang Jian Wang Jun Gao Weimin zhang Architectural Engineering Institute Jinhua PolytechnicJinhua 321017China Institute of HVAC Engineering Schoolof Mechanical EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Tongji Architectural Design(Group)Co .LtdShanghai 200092China

The pollutant control performance of exhaust hoods plays a crucial role in the indoor air quality and energy consumption of ventilation systems in industrial *** better understand the impact of local ventilation on the industrial indoor environment,this paper presents a literature review of exhaust hood performance and its improvement *** create an index for evaluating the performance of exhaust hoods,the capture velocity,capture efficiency,flow ratio of pollutant emissions and exhaust airflow and energy consumption are first introduced.A number of factors affecting exhaust hood performance are assessed such as hood type,hood opening size,exhaust rate,installation distance,pollution source emission and environmental *** to structural improvement methods,the use of active airflow is a more effective way to improve the exhaust hood *** most commonly used methods for determining the exhaust rate are the controlled speed method and the flow ratio *** use of an exhaust hood with an appropriate exhaust rate and jet parameters(for an active air-assisted hood)can effectively improve the pollutant control performance and reduce the energy consumption that would be wasted on the redundant exhaust *** more information focused on exhaust hood performance,this work suggests more effective strategies for improving indoor air quality and reducing energy consumption in industrial buildings.

关键词： industrial ventilation exhaust hood capture efficiency exhaust rate performance improvement

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Coupled simulation of fluid-particle interaction for large complex granules:A resolved CFD-DEM method for modelling the airflow in a vertical fixed bed of irregular sinter particles

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 292-306页

作者： Chengzhi Li Yu zhang Jiahe Shen Wei zhang The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430063China Centre for Bulk Solids and Particulate Technologies The University of NewcastleCallaghan NSW 2308Australia

A resolved CFD-DEM method is proposed to simulate the fluid-particle interaction for large complex *** airflow in a vertical sinter fixed bed is numerically studied using this *** multi-sphere clumped method is used to create irregular sinter particles in *** immersed boundary method and dynamic cell refinement are applied to describe the fluid flow around particles with higher resolution,by which the fluid-particle interaction can be simulated more *** simulation results presented the packing voidage distributions and the airflow fields in the sinter beds of different single and mixed particle size *** bed pressure drops were simulated and the results were compared with the corresponding experimental *** good agreement indicated that the proposed resolved CFD-DEM method is an effective tool to model the fluid-particle interaction for irregular large granules in the gas-solid multi-phase systems.

关键词： Resolved CFD-DEM method Irregular sinter particles Multi-sphere clumped method Immersed boundary method Dynamic cell refinement

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Distributed dynamic task allocation for unmanned aerial vehicle swarm systems:A networked evolutionary game-theoretic approach

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 182-204页

作者： Zhe zhang Ju JIANG Haiyan XU Wen-An zhang College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China College of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

Task allocation is a key aspect of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)swarm collaborative *** an continuous increase of UAVs’scale and the complexity and uncertainty of tasks,existing methods have poor performance in computing efficiency,robustness,and realtime allocation,and there is a lack of theoretical analysis on the convergence and optimality of the *** paper presents a novel intelligent framework for distributed decision-making based on the evolutionary game theory to address task allocation for a UAV swarm system in uncertain scenarios.A task allocation model is designed with the local utility of an individual and the global utility of the ***,the paper analytically derives a potential function in the networked evolutionary potential game and proves that the optimal solution of the task allocation problem is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium of a finite strategy ***,a PayOff-based Time-Variant Log-linear Learning Algorithm(POTVLLA)is proposed,which includes a novel learning strategy based on payoffs for an individual and a time-dependent Boltzmann *** former aims to reduce the system’s computational burden and enhance the individual’s effectiveness,while the latter can ensure that the POTVLLA converges to the optimal Nash equilibrium with a probability of *** simulation results show that the approach is optimal,robust,scalable,and fast adaptable to environmental changes,even in some realistic situations where some UAVs or tasks are likely to be lost and increased,further validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework and algorithm.

关键词： Task allocation Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) Game theory Log-linear learning Distributed optimization algorithm

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Polystyrene microplastics disrupted physical barriers, microbiota composition and immune responses in the cecum of developmental Japanese quails

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第10期144卷 225-235页

作者： Lingyang Jing Yuxin zhang Qingyu zhang Hongfeng Zhao College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China

Microplastics,a new type of emerging pollutant,is ubiquitous in terrestrial and water *** have become a growing concern due to their impacts on the environment,animal,and human *** also suffer from microplastics *** this study,we examined the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)exposure on physical barrier,microbial community,and immune function in the cecum of a model bird species—Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica).The one-week-old birds were fed on environmentally relevant concentrations of 20μg/kg,400μg/kg,and 8 mg/kg PS-MPs in the diet for 5 *** results showed that microplastics could cause microstructural damages characterized by lamina propria damage and epithelial cell vacuolation and ultrastructural injuries including microvilli breakage and disarrangement aswell asmitochondrial vacuolation in the cecum of *** particular,blurry tight junctions,wider desmosomes spacing,and gene expression alteration indicated cecal tight junction ***,mucous layer breakdown andmucin decrease indicated that chemical barrier was disturbed by ***-MPs also changed cecal microbial *** addition,structural deformation of cecal tonsils and increasing proinflammatory cytokines suggested cecal immune disorder and inflammation responses by PS-MPs *** results suggested that microplastics negatively affected digestive system and might pose great health risks to terrestrial birds.

关键词： Microplastics Gut barrier Histology Inflammation Immunity Oxidative stress

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