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Geological Evolution and Huge Ore-Forming Belts in the Core Part of the Central Asian Metallogenic Region

Journal of Earth Science 2016年第3期27卷 491-506页

作者： Yongfeng Zhu Fang An Wangyi Feng huichao zhang The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University Department of Geology Northwest University

The multi-stage geological evolution and extensive continental deformations during the course of its history make the Central Asian metallogenic region（CAMR） a unique and complicated large-scale metal domain. New geological observations and precise age-data allow an improved reconstruction of the geological evolution of the CAMR. This paper summarizes the Paleozoic orogenic evolution and related ore formation in the core part of the CAMR based on the geological data published both during the Soviet period and the last decades. Four ore-formation provinces（Altay, BalkhashJunggar, Chu-Yili-Tianshan, and Southwest Tianshan） could be classified. The Balkhash-Junggar and Chu-Yili-Tianshan provinces are the major topics of this paper. The Balkhash-Junggar province consists of 4 huge ore-forming belts（Zharma-Saur, Tarbahtay-Xiemistay, Aktogay-Baerluke, Balkhashwestern Junggar） with 11 large ore-college areas. The Chu-Yili-Tianshan province consists of 4 huge ore-forming belts（Alatau-Sairimu, Chu-Yili-Bolehuole, Issyk-Awulale, Kazharman-Nalaty） with 22 large ore-college areas. Formation of large ore-college area corresponds to a specific stage of continental crust growth. Comparison of geology and ore deposits in the CAMR provides rich information for future exploration and understanding of ore-forming processes. The Paleo-Junggar Ocean closed at Early Devonian in the Balkhash-western Junggar ore-forming belt. Afterwards, widespread volcanic- sedimentary rocks formed at extensional stage due to delamination of the thick lower crust formed during previous accretionary processes. Felsic magma intrusion caused formation of porphyry Cu-Au deposit at ~310 Ma and related hydrothermal gold deposits about 10 Ma later. For example, in the Hatu-Baobei-Sartohay Au-Cr ore-college area in the Balkhash-western Junggar ore-forming belt, small granitic to diorite plutons and various dykes（312–277 Ma） and large granite bodies（~300 Ma） intruded into the Devonian to Early Carboniferous volcan

关键词： Central Asian Paleozoic ore Altay Balkhash-Junggar Chu-Yili-Tianshan Southwest Tianshan

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Effects of sludge retention time,carbon and initial biomass concentrations on selection process:From activated sludge to polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating cultures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 76-84页

作者： Zhiqiang Chen Long Huang Qinxue Wen huichao zhang Zirui Guo State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Four sequence batch reactors（SBRs） fed by fermented sugar cane wastewater were continuously operated under the aerobic dynamic feeding（ADF） mode with different configurations of sludge retention time（SRT）, carbon and initial biomass concentrations to enrich polyhydroxyalkanoate（PHA） accumulating mixed microbial cultures（MMCs） from municipal activated *** stability of SBRs was investigated besides the enrichment performance. The microbial community structures of the enriched MMCs were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism（T-RFLP）. The optimum operating conditions for the enrichment process were： SRT of 5 days, carbon concentration of 2.52 g COD/L and initial biomass concentration of3.65 g/L. The best enrichment performance in terms of both operating stability and PHA storage ability of enriched cultures（with the maximum PHA content and PHA storage yield（YPHA/S） of61.26% and 0.68 mg COD/mg COD, respectively） was achieved under this condition. Effects of the SRT, carbon concentration and initial biomass concentration on the PHA accumulating MMCs selection process were discussed respectively. A new model including the segmentation of the enrichment process and the effects of SRT on each phase was proposed.

关键词： Polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) Mixed microbial cultures(MMCs) Sludge retention time(SRT) Carbon concentration Initial biomass concentration

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Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Granite Xenolith within the Lamprophyre at the Zhenyuan Gold Deposit(Yunnan Province, SW China)

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 477-489页

作者： zhang huichao zhang Hongrui HOU Zengqian CHAI Peng ZHOU Kai Institute of Marine Geology College of OceanographyHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China No.208 Team of Geological Survey China National Nuclear CorporationBaotouInner Mongolia 014000China

The xenoliths in host rocks of hydrothermal gold deposits can generally provide much geochemical information of the deep rocks, which may have an implication for the sources of ore-forming materials. Geochronology and geochemical characteristics are reported for a granite xenolith, which is enclosed by the lamprophyre in the Zhenyuan gold deposit(Yunnan Province, SW China). This granite xenolith mainly consists of K-feldspar, quartz, and plagioclase with trace amounts of magnetite, titanite, apatite, zircon, and sulfides. Zircons from the granite xenolith yield a weighted average U-Pb age of 281.1 ± 1.3 Ma(MSWD = 2.1), which could represent the crystallization age of this granite xenolith. The Ti-in-zircon geothermometer and the Mn concentration in apatite calculate that this granite xenolith formed at 685 ± 43℃ with the logf_(O2) values ranging from NNO + 3.7 to NNO + 6.4. The zircons in the granite xenolith have a restricted range of positive ε_(Hf)(t) values ranging from +9.4 to +10.8, and the corresponding Hf TDM2 model ages range from 588 to 678 Ma. The zircon U-Pb age and the Hf isotopic compositions indicate this granite xenolith within the lamprophyre is mainly derived from partial melting of juvenile crustal rocks before the completed closure of the Ailaoshan Ocean. The pyrites in the granite xenolith have higher Bi concentrations, and lower As, Sb, and Tl concentrations than the gold-bearing pyrites of the ores in the Zhenyuan gold deposit. The low Au concentrations of the pyrites together with the ore-forming age of the Zhenyuan gold deposit(Oligocene) indicate the granite xenolith may have limited contribution to the gold mineralization of the Zhenyuan gold deposit.

关键词： granite xenolith lamprophyre pyrite trace element concentrations Zhenyuan gold deposit

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Origin of the Neoproterozoic Baijianshan Banded Iron Formation at the Southeastern Margin of the Tarim Block in NW China:Implication for an Extremely Reducing Ocean

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 208-220页

作者： HAO Xiaoshu zhang Chuanlin zhang huichao DING Teng YE Xiantao College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China

The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs)were closely associated with the“Snowball Earth”during the breakup of the Rodinia,thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this *** this contribution,the Neoproterozoic(ca.737 Ma)Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim,northwestern China was *** is the dominated iron-species,which occurs as the lamina interbedded with *** BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements,and is depleted in light rare earth elements(LREEs)based on comparison with the Post-Archean Australian Shale(PAAS).In addition,the BIF exhibits slightly positive La-Eu anomalies,negligible Ce anomalies,insignificant Y anomalies,chondritic Y/Ho ratios(23-32),and slightly chondritic initial ε_(Nd)(t=737 Ma)values(−0.45 to 1.46,averaging 0.37).All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low-T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital ***,the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes,with δ^(57)Fe_(IRMM-014) values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰,revealing the partial oxidation of Fe^(2+) into Fe^(3+) during the precipitation of this *** data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean,which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice *** Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as,or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.

关键词： Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs) Sr-Nd isotope Fe isotope Tarim Block

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Geology and Geochemistry of K-feldspar Veins in Lamprophyre at the Zhenyuan Gold Deposit,Yunnan,Southwest China:Implications for Gold Mineralization

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 104-116页

作者： zhang huichao CHAI Peng zhang Hongrui ZHOU Limin HOU Zengqian Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210024China National Research Center for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037China

Lamprophyres typically appear in hydrothermal gold *** relationship between lamprophyres and gold deposits is investigated *** researchers suggest that the emplacement of lamprophyres triggers gold mineralization,whereas others hypothesize that the formation of lamprophyres increases the fertility of mantle sources and ore-forming fluids.K-feldspar veins,with ages between those of lamprophyres and gold deposits,appear in lamprophyres in ***,K-feldspar veins are ideal for investigating the relationship between lamprophyres and gold *** in K-feldspar veins has lower Mg#,Ni,and Cr contents and higher TiO2,Li,Ba,Sr,Sc,Zr,Nb,and Cs contents than phlogopite in *** in-situ Sr isotopic values of apatites(0.7063–0.7066)in K-feldspar veins are within the range for apatites(0.7064–0.7078)from *** large-ion lithophile element concentrations and low Nb and Ta concentrations in phlogopite from lamprophyres,in addition to high(87Sr/86Sr)i values of apatite(0.7064–0.7078),indicate that the magma parental to these phlogopite and apatite crystals is derived from an enriched *** veins are genetically correlated with lamprophyres,whereas sulfide mineral assemblage and trace element compositions of pyrite in K-feldspar veins suggest that K-feldspar veins in lamprophyres are not directly related to gold mineralization of the Zhenyuan deposit.

关键词： lamprophyre K-feldspar vein apatite Sr isotope gold Zhenyuan deposit Yunnan

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Paleozoic Intrusive Rocks in the Nalati Mountain Range(NMR), Southwest Tianshan: Geodynamic Evolution Based on Petrology and Geochemical Studies

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第2期28卷 196-217页

作者： huichao zhang Yongfeng Zhu Wanyi Feng Yuwen Tan Fang An Jiahao Zheng School of Earth and Space Science Peking University The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education Department of Geology Northwest University

A synthesis involving the data for the Nalati mountain region（NMR） in west Tianshan with a dataset including zircon U-Pb ages, Hf isotopic composition, major and trace elements of Paleozoic intrusions are presented to improve the understanding of regional geodynamic evolution. Paleozoic intrusive rocks in the NMR could be classified into four categories based on chronological and geochemical data： 480？5 Ma, 445–410 Ma, 345–320 Ma, and 295 Ma, which correspond to（1） closure of the Terskey Ocean and the opening of the south Tianshan back-arc basin, which was followed with the opening of the south Tianshan Ocean,（2） initial subduction of the south Tianshan oceanic crust,（3） major subduction stage, and（4） collision to post-collisional stage, respectively. Following the closure of the Terskey Ocean, the south Tianshan Ocean opened at Early Silurian and subducted under Yili-central Tianshan by the end of Early Carboniferous Period. The following breakoff of the subducted slab triggered partial melting of continental crust and formed voluminous granitic rocks in the NMR.

关键词： granite Nalati mountain range(NMR) Tianshan orogenic belt geodynamic evolution

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Laser-annealing-made amplified spontaneous emission of "giant" CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals transferred from bulk-like shell to quantum-confined core

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Photonics Research 2015年第5期3卷 200-205页

作者： Chen Liao Kai Fan Ruilin Xu huichao zhang Changgui Lu Yiping Cui Jiayu zhang Advanced Photonic Center Southeast University

'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell, whereas it transformed into wurtzite phase under 5 min radiation with a 400 nm, 594 μJ∕cm2femtosecond(fs) laser *** evolution of the NCs’ spontaneous emission under the fs laser radiation was recorded with a Hamamatsu streak camera. The as-synthesized NCs exhibit an amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) at 530 nm, which comes from a bulk-like Cd S shell due to the interfacial potential barrier, which could slow down the relaxation of holes from the shell to the core. After being annealed by an fs laser, the ASE of the g-NCs is transferred from a bulk-like Cd S shell to a quantum-confined Cd Se core because the phase transformation determined with the XRD measurement could remove the interfacial barrier. Besides the ASE at 643 nm, two shorter-wavelength ASE peaks at 589 and 541 nm, corresponding to optical transitions of the second(1P) and third(1D) electron quantization shells of the Cd Se core, also appear, thus indicating that Auger recombination is effectively suppressed.

关键词： core Laser-annealing-made amplified spontaneous emission of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals transferred from bulk-like shell to quantum-confined core giant

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文书档案连锁法的重新审视

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档案学研究 2011年第6期 85-89页

作者：张会超上海师范大学人文与传播学院上海200234

文书档案连锁法并不是简单的"三个统一",而是民国时期文书档案改革的深化,其目标设计有实现文书处理与档案管理的双重意义,不仅要满足于行政效率的提高,更要促进行政事务的发展,所以既有分类、登记、编号和归档的改变,更有档案随文附送... 详细信息

文书档案连锁法并不是简单的"三个统一",而是民国时期文书档案改革的深化,其目标设计有实现文书处理与档案管理的双重意义,不仅要满足于行政效率的提高,更要促进行政事务的发展,所以既有分类、登记、编号和归档的改变,更有档案随文附送服务的设想与努力。文书档案连锁法确立的原则、方向和价值影响深远,这种探索精神散发出永恒的魅力。

关键词：文书档案连锁法行政效率档案服务

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Technical Breakthroughs in the Construction of TGP

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工程科学（英文版） 2003年第1期1卷 8-14,98页

作者： zhang Chaoran, Dai huichao (China Yangtze TGP Development Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443002)

The huge Three Gorges Project is technically complex. Quite a lot of technical breakthroughs have been made in such issues as river closure of the Grand Channel and the concrete construction of the cutoff wall, prompt concrete construction of the dam, high slope construction of the permanent shiplock, the large scale steel lined reinforced concrete penstocks of the power station, and the temperature and pressure maintenance of the spiral case, the asphalt concrete core wall, the metal works of the shiplock, and turbine generating units.

关键词： river closure cutoff wall high slope steel lined reinforced concrete temperature and pressure maintenance asphalt concrete core wall turbine generating units

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郑和下西洋航海图的是是非非

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档案与建设 2005年第4期 47-49,40页

作者：张会超云南大学情报与档案学院云南昆明650091

郑和原名马和,云南昆阳(今晋宁)人,世称"三保(宝)太监",是举世闻名的大航海家.他从永乐三年(1405年)至宣德八年(1433年)的28年间,与副使王景弘等率领庞大的船队,先后7次远渡重洋,遍及亚非30多个国家和地区.郑和下西洋这一盛事不仅是中... 详细信息

郑和原名马和,云南昆阳(今晋宁)人,世称"三保(宝)太监",是举世闻名的大航海家.他从永乐三年(1405年)至宣德八年(1433年)的28年间,与副使王景弘等率领庞大的船队,先后7次远渡重洋,遍及亚非30多个国家和地区.郑和下西洋这一盛事不仅是中华民族历史上的伟大创举,也是世界航海史上的辉煌壮举.今年是郑和下西洋600周年,各界纷纷开展纪念郑和下西洋的活动.其中有一个问题凸显出来,引起人们的关注,这就是郑和航海图的问题.笔者不揣孤陋,试对郑和航海图略陈管见.

关键词：郑和下西洋海图是非世界航海史民族历史航海家

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