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Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates:A review

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 61-78页

作者： Weiyi SUN Deliang CHEN Guonian LÜ Liang NING Chaochao GAO renhe zhang Bin WANG Jian LIU Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationSchool of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200437China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Atmosphere-Ocean Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96825USA Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems School of Mathematical ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Open Studio for the Simulation of Ocean-Climate-Isotope Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Major volcanic eruptions(MVEs)have attracted increasing attention from the scientific *** studies have explored the climatic impact of MVEs over the past two ***,proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations indicate divergent responses of global and China’s regional climates to ***,we used multiple data from observations,reconstructions,simulations,and assimilations to summarize the historical facts of MVEs,the characteristics and mechanisms of their climatic impact,and directions for future *** reviewed volcanic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods;these periods corresponded to the years 530–700,1200‒1460,and 1600‒1840 *** tropical MVEs,a substantial cooling effect is observed throughout the globe and China on the interannual-interdecadal time scales but an inconsistent cooling magnitude is detected between reconstructions and *** the first summer after tropical MVEs,a decrease in global and monsoonal precipitation is *** reconstructions and simulations,an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtze River Basin,while large uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of *** drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and volcanism superimposed on low solar irradiation and internal *** affect climate directly through the radiative effect and indirectly by modulating internal variability,such as the El Niño‒Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).However,changes in the phase,amplitude,and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial,which could account for model-reconstruction ***,other internal variability,uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol‒climate models,and climate background may also induce model-reconstruction *** gaps and directions for future research are also discussed.

关键词： Major volcanic eruption Climate variability Mechanism Past two millennia Internal variability

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Effect of sound speed profile on the structure of long-range acoustic pulse

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Chinese Journal of Acoustics 2024年第1期43卷 64-81页

作者： WU Shuanglin QIN Jixing LI Zhenglin WU Yushen zhang renhe State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 School of Ocean Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082

The time arrival structure of acoustic pulse signals propagating in ocean waveguides is of great significance for underwater acoustic communication and navigation. Using the deep-sea sound propagation data from the experiments respectively conducted in the East Indian Ocean(EIO) and the South China Sea(SCS) with explosion sources near the sound channel axis(SCA), long-range transmission loss(TL) and time arrival structure of acoustic pulses for different sound speed profiles(SSPs) are compared. In the EIO environment, sound energy transmitting along the SCA is relatively large, and the corresponding signals arrive first, whereas signals propagating away from the SCA arrive late. In the full receiving depth, it shows a branch structure where the waveform near the SCA arrives earlier than other depths, which is totally different with the characteristics of the sound pulse in the SCS. Combined with the parametric mathematical model of deep-sea sound channel, the influence mechanism of SSP on the time arrival structure of long-range pulse propagation is theoretically analyzed, which well explains the phenomenon observed in the two experiments.

关键词： depths Indian sound

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保持土壤湿度对减缓气候变化重要性

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Science Bulletin 2024年第9期69卷 1332-1341页

作者：左志燕乔梁张人禾陈德亮朴世龙肖栋张楷文 Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice System for Weather and Climate of Ministry of Education/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Boundary Dynamics and Climate Change Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Earth Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100091China Key Laboratory of Cites’Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China

A troubling feedback loop, where drier soil contributes to hotter climates, has been widely *** study, drawing on climate model simulations, reveals that maintaining current global soil moisture levels could significantly alleviate 32.9% of land warming under low-emission scenarios. This action could also postpone reaching critical warming thresholds of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C by at least a decade. Crucially,preserving soil moisture at current levels could prevent noticeable climate change impacts across 42%of the Earth's land, a stark deviation from projections suggesting widespread impacts before the *** combat soil drying, afforestation in mid-to-low latitude regions within the next three decades is proposed as an effective strategy to increase surface water availability. This underscores the substantial potential of nature-based solutions for managing soil moisture, benefiting both climate change mitigation and ecological enhancement.

关键词： Global warming Soil moisture Climate change signal Nature-based solutions

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全球气候行动：国际合作，协同奋进

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科学 2024年第4期76卷 7-9+69页

作者：张人禾汤绪中国科学院复旦大学大气与海洋科学系/大气科学研究院/IRDR多风险互联与治理国际卓越中心复旦大学大气与海洋科学系/大气科学研究院/复旦发展研究院/IRDR多风险互联与治理国际卓越中心

气候变化和极端气候频发对环境、社会经济和人体健康均造成了严重的影响。虽然当前国际社会减缓目标、路径与举措愈加明晰，清洁能源处于快速发展的阶段，但是将全球升温控制在1.5℃的可能性正在变小，因此落实各国承诺并加速清洁能源... 详细信息

气候变化和极端气候频发对环境、社会经济和人体健康均造成了严重的影响。虽然当前国际社会减缓目标、路径与举措愈加明晰，清洁能源处于快速发展的阶段，但是将全球升温控制在1.5℃的可能性正在变小，因此落实各国承诺并加速清洁能源的发展非常重要。

关键词：减缓与适应全球盘点损失与损害基金落实承诺国际合作清洁能源

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Exact solution of three-dimensional acoustic field in a wedge with perfectly reflecting boundaries

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第9期58卷 29-38页

作者： LUO WenYu zhang renhe State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences

An exact approach is presented to compute the three-dimensional(3D) acoustic field in a homogeneous wedge-shaped ocean with perfectly reflecting boundaries. This approach applies the Fourier synthesis technique, which reduces a 3D point-source ideal wedge problem into a sequence of two-dimensional(2D) line-source ideal wedge problems, whose analytical solution is well established. A comparison of numerical efficiency is provided between this solution and the solution proposed by Buckingham,which is obtained by a sequence of integral transforms. The details of numerical implementation of these two solutions are also given. To validate the present approach and at the same time compare numerical efficiency between this approach and Buckingham's analytical solution, two numerical examples are considered. One is the Acoustical Society of America(ASA) benchmark wedge problem and the other is a wide-angle wedge problem. Numerical results indicate that the present approach is efficient and capable of providing accurate 3D acoustic field results for arbitrary receiver locations, and hence can serve as a benchmark model for sound propagation in a homogeneous wedge-shaped ocean.

关键词： three-dimensional acoustic field wedge-shaped ocean perfectly reflecting boundaries

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Changes in East Asian summer monsoon and summer rainfall over eastern China during recent decades

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Science Bulletin 2015年第13期60卷 1222-1224页

作者： renhe zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (La SW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

In the East Asian monsoon region over eastern China,east of 100°E,summer rainfall controlled by the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)is mainly concentrated during June–*** rainfall accounts for more than half of the a... 详细信息

关键词：东亚夏季风夏季降水量中国东部东亚季风区降雨观测降水偏多中国北方气象站

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A Diagnostic Study of the Influence of Early Spring Soil Moisture in Southeastern China on Interannual Variability of the East Asian Subtropical Summer Monsoon Onset

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第1期37卷 45-57页

作者： Zifan NING renhe zhang Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438 China Meteorological Administration-Fudan University Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Shanghai 200438 Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhai 519031 Shanghai Scientific Frontier Base for Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Studies Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438

The effect of soil moisture(SM)on the onset of East Asian subtropical summer monsoon(EASSM)is investigated based on multiple sets of reanalysis data in the period of 1981–*** is found that the EASSM is characterized by persistent 2-m s^(−1) southerly winds for about 3 months in spring at 850 hPa over the subtropical region of East *** this feature of the meridional winds,we define the EASSM onset date,and obtain that the climatological onset date is pentad 17.7,around 26 *** the interannual timescale,the onset date of EASSM exhibits statistically significant correlation with the SM in southeastern China in the month preceding the onset,with wetter(drier)conditions being associated with later(earlier)*** physical process by which the preceding SM affects the EASSM onset is further explored by examining the surface energy balance as well as its ***(negative)SM anomalies in southeastern China in the month before onset may induce negative(positive)surface temperature *** decreased(increased)surface temperature in southeastern China before the EASSM onset weakens(strengthens)the zonal sea–land thermal contrast in the surface and low-level atmosphere in the subtropical East *** zonal sea–land thermal contrast in wetter(drier)years induces anomalous northerly(southerly)winds over southeastern China,which tends to delay(advance)the zonal thermal seasonal transition in spring and is conducive to a later(earlier)onset of *** results are helpful for understanding and prediction of the variability of EASSM and the EASSM onset.

关键词： soil moisture(SM) East Asian subtropical summer monsoon(EASSM) sea-land thermal contrast onset

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Temporal and spatial features of the soil moisture in boreal spring in eastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第2期52卷 269-278页

作者： ZUO ZhiYan zhang renhe State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Soil moisture data of 45 years from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the in situ observational data are used to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of the soil moisture in boreal spring in the area to the east of 100°E in China. Results show that ERA-40 soil moisture well reproduces the temporal and spatial features of observations. ERA-40 data capture the spatial pattern that the soils in Northeast China and Southwest China are wetter than those in Inner Mongolia and North China and represent the inter-annual variability in ob-servations. The dry trends of spring soil moisture are evident over the whole eastern China. It is espe-cially prominent for the dry trend in southwest China where the spring soil from surface to deep-layer show drying and the trend became significant after the 1980s. The dry trend in Northeast China is weak after early 1970s in near-surface layer but aggravates after latel 1970s in deep layers. In the mid-latitude zone, the inter-annual variation of spring soil is robust and shows no dry trend except in deep-layer after 1988.

关键词： soil moisture 100°E east of China spring temporal and spatial variation

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Influence of Soil Moisture in Eastern China on the East Asian Summer Monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第2期33卷 151-163页

作者： Zhiyan ZUO renhe zhang Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to soil moisture anomalies over China was investigated based on ensembles of seasonal simulations （March-September） using the NCEP GCM coupled with the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model （NCEP GCM/SSiB）. After a control experiment with free-running soil moisture, two ensembles were performed in which the soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China （YRNC） was double and half that in the control, with the maximum less than the field capacity. The simulation results showed significant sensitivity of the East Asian summer monsoon to wet soil in YRNC. The wetter soil was associated with increased surface latent heat flux and reduced surface sensible heat flux. In turn, these changes resulted in a wetter and colder local land surface and reduced land-sea temperature gradients, corresponding to a weakened East Asian monsoon circulation in an anomalous anticyclone over southeastern China, and a strengthened East Asian trough southward over Northeast China. Consequently, less precipitation appeared over southeastern China and North China and more rainfall over Northeast China. The weakened monsoon circulation and strengthened East Asian trough was accompanied by the convergence of abnormal northerly and southerly flow over the Yangtze River valley, resulting in more rainfall in this region. In the drier soil experiments, less precipitation appeared over YRNC. The East Asian monsoon circulation seems to show little sensitivity to dry soil anomalies in NCEP GCM/SSiB.

关键词： soil moisture East Asian summer monsoon eastern China

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The zonal propagating characteristics of low-frequency oscillation over the Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第7期56卷 1566-1575页

作者： YANG ShuangYan WU BingYi zhang renhe ZHOU ShunWu Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Using 32-yr National Centers for Environment Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis data,we investigated zonal propagation and circulation characteristics of the low-frequency circulation for the prevailing period over Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer(May-August) in terms of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),linear regression,and phase analysis and so *** found that the dominant periods of the low-frequency circulation are 10-30 days and it clearly shows meridional(southward) and zonal(westward) propagation features at the middle troposphere(500 hPa).The average zonal speed of the 10-30 days low-frequency oscillation(LFO) is about 9-10 longitudes per *** analysis shows that the southernmost part of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere exhibits westward clockwise rotation in the eastern hemisphere in boreal ***,the southernmost tips of 5400 and 5500 gpm contours,which indicate the site of the major trough in the eastern hemisphere,obviously move *** southernmost tip of 5500 gpm contour line propagates westwards at the speed of about 9-10 longitudes per day,which is consistent with the mean zonal speed of the westward propagation of the low-frequency ***,the 10-30-day LFO-related cold air also shows west propagation feature with respect to LFO *** westward propagation of the LFO is the low-frequency-scale embodiment of the clockwise rotation of polar *** cold air activities closely related to polar vortex or to ridge-trough system activities is the essential circulation of 10-30 days LFO circulation over the Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer.

关键词： The zonal propagating characteristics of low-frequency oscillation over the Eurasian mid-high latitude in boreal summer

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