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Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover Considering Ecosystem Services for a Dense-Population Watershed Based on a Hybrid Dual-Subject Agent and Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 182-195页

作者： Yutong Li Yanpeng Cai Qiang Fu Xiaodong zhang hang Wan Zhifeng Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266000China

Land use/land cover represents the interactive and comprehensive influences between human activities and natural conditions,leading to potential conflicts among natural and human-related issues as well as among *** study introduced economic standards for farmers.A hybrid approach(CA-ABM)of cellular automaton(CA)and an agent-based model(ABM)was developed to effectively deal with social and land-use synergic issues to examine human–environment interactions and projections of land-use conversions for a humid basin in south *** attributes and socioeconomic data were used to analyze land use/land cover and its drivers of *** major modules of the CA-ABM are initialization,migration,assets,land suitability,and land-use change *** estimates of the factors influencing the urban land-use conversion probability were captured using parameters based on a spatial logistic regression(SLR)***,multicriteria evaluation(MCE)and Markov models were introduced to obtain empirical estimates of the factors affecting the probability of ecological land *** agent-based CA-SLR-MCE-Markov(ABCSMM)land-use conversion model was proposed to explore the impacts of policies on land-use *** model can reproduce observed land-use patterns and provide links for forest transition and urban expansion to land-use decisions and ecosystem *** results demonstrated land-use simulations under multi-policy scenarios,revealing the usefulness of the model for normative research on land-use management.

关键词： Land use/land cover Human-environment interactions Agent-based model Cellular automaton

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Understanding adversarial attacks on observations in deep reinforcement learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 69-83页

作者： You QIAOBEN Chengyang YING Xinning ZHOU hang SU Jun ZHU Bo zhang Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Tsinghua-Bosch Joint Center for Machine Learning Institute for Artificial Intelligence Tsinghua University Peng Cheng Laboratory

Deep reinforcement learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can decrease the cumulative expected reward of a victim by manipulating its observations. Despite the efficiency of previous optimization-based methods for generating adversarial noise in supervised learning, such methods might not achieve the lowest cumulative reward since they do not generally explore the environmental ***, a framework is provided to better understand the existing methods by reformulating the problem of adversarial attacks on reinforcement learning in the function space. The reformulation approach adopted herein generates an optimal adversary in the function space of targeted attacks, repelling them via a generic two-stage framework. In the first stage, a deceptive policy is trained by hacking the environment and discovering a set of trajectories routing to the lowest reward or the worst-case performance. Next, the adversary misleads the victim to imitate the deceptive policy by perturbing the observations. Compared to existing approaches, it is theoretically shown that our adversary is strong under an appropriate noise level. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, achieving state-of-the-art performance in both Atari and MuJoCo environments.

关键词： deep learning reinforcement learning adversarial robustness adversarial attack

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Microstructures, Fabrics, and Seismic Properties of Mylonitic Amphibolites: Implications for Strain Localization in a Thickening Anisotropic Middle Crust of the North China Craton

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 769-785页

作者： Siqi Liu Bo zhang Jinjiang zhang Jian zhang Lei Guo Tao Wang Baoyou hang Xiaorong Li Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

Strain localization processes in the continental crust generate faults and ductile shear zones over a broad range of scales affecting the long-term lithosphere deformation and the mechanical response of faults during the seismic *** anisotropy originated within the continental crust can be applied to deduce the kinematics and structures within orogens and is widely attributed to regionally aligned minerals,e.g.,***,naturally deformed rocks commonly show various structural layers(e.g.,strain localization layers).It is necessary to reveal how both varying amphibole contents and fabrics in the structural layers of strain localization impact seismic property and its interpretations in terms of *** present microstructures,petrofabrics,and calculate seismic properties of deformed amphibolite with the microstructures ranging from mylonite to *** transition from mylonite to ultramylonite is accompanied by a slight decrease of amphibole grain size,a disintegration of amphibole and plagioclase aggregates,and amphibole aspect ratio increase(from 1.68 to 2.23),concomitant with the precipitation of feldspar and/or quartz between amphibole *** intensities of amphibole crystallographic preferred orientations(CPOs)show a progressively increasing trend from mylonitic layers to homogeneous ultramylonitic layers,as indicated by the JAm index increasing from 1.9–4.0 for the mylonitic layers and 4.0–4.8 for the transition layer,to 5.1–6.9 for the ultramylonitic *** CPO patterns are nearly random for plagioclase and *** amphibole aggregates in the amphibolitic mylonite deform by diffusion,mechanical rotation,and weak dislocation creep,and develop CPOs *** polymineralic matrix(such as quartz and plagioclase)of the mylonite and the ultramylonite deform dominantly by dissolution-precipitation,combined with weak dislocation *** mean P and S wave velocities are estimated to be 6.3 and 3.5 km/

关键词： amphibolitic mylonite microstructures petrofabrics seismic property middle crust rheology tectonics.

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Environmental arsenic(As)and its potential relationship with endemic disease in southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 46-59页

作者： Donglin Li Hucai zhang Fengqin chang Lizeng Duan Yang zhang Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650500China

Many cases of an unknown disease exhibiting the clinical features of limb gangrene,blisters,ulceration,and exfoliation have been reported in Daping village(DV)in southwestern ***,the pathogenesis is unknown and has puzzled doctors for many years.A preliminary study on heavy metals and symptoms indicated that arsenic might pose the greatest threat to the health of local ***,to explore the sources of and factors influencing arsenic enrichment in DV,whose residents exhibit signs of arsenic poisoning,the As contents in soil,water,and plants were systematically *** results indicated high As contents in plant and soil samples obtained from the area,and the source of As may be linked to the weathering of black shale *** of soil and consumption of plants were the two main As exposure pathways among children and adults,respectively,and children exhibited a higher health risk than *** presume and emphasize that when extreme drought events occur,humans might face unusual risks resulting from exposure to toxic elements and the direct consumption of highly polluted *** study provides a new perspective and sheds light on the environmental geochemistry and health links of this disease.

关键词： Endemic disease Arsenic(As) Risk assessment Black shale Climate change

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Wearable pressure sensors based on antibacterial and porous chitosan hydrogels for full-range human motion detection

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2475-2484页

作者： zhang YingXin LIU hanguang JIN ShunYu LI YaJuan zhang Wan ZHOU hang NIE ZanXiang HUANG Yuan School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230022China Department of Clinical Laboratory the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022China School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055China Zinergy Shenzhen Ltd. Shenzhen 518109China

Wearable pressure sensors made from conductive hydrogels hold significant potential in health ***,limited pressure range(Pa to hundreds of kPa)and inadequate antibacterial properties restrict their practical applications in diagnostic and health ***,a wearable high-performance pressure sensor was assembled using a facilely prepared porous chitosan-based hydrogel,which was constructed from commercial phenolphthalein particles as a sacrificial *** relationship between the porosity of hydrogels and sensing performance of sensors was systematically ***,the wearable pressure sensor,featuring an optimized porosity of hydrogels,exhibits an ultrawide sensing capacity from 4.83 Pa to 250 k Pa(range-to-limit ratio of 51,760)and high sensitivity throughout high pressure ranges(0.7 kPa~(-1),120–250 kPa).The presence of chitosan endows these hydrogels with outstanding antibacterial performance against *** and ***,making them ideal candidates for use in wearable *** features allow for a practical approach to monitor full-range human motion using a single device with a simple structure.

关键词： porous hydrogels antibacterial performances wearable pressure sensors full-range human motion chitosan

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Small molecule deoxynyboquinone triggers alkylation and ubiquitination of Keap1 at Cys489 on Kelch domain for Nrf2 activation and inflammatory therapy

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第3期14卷 401-415页

作者： Ke-Gang Linghu Tian zhang Guang-Tao zhang Peng Lv Wen-Jun zhang Guan-Ding Zhao Shi-hang Xiong Qiu-Shuo Ma Ming-Ming Zhao Meiwan Chen Yuan-Jia Hu chang-Sheng zhang Hua Yu State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia MedicaRNAM Center for Marine MicrobiologySouth China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510301China State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants&School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang550025China

Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)alkylation plays a central role in anti-inflammatory ***,activators of Nrf2 through alkylation of Keap1-Kelch domain have not been ***(DNQ)is a natural small molecule discovered from marine *** current study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of DNQ via alkylation of *** exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in *** pharmacophore responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of DNQ was determined to be theα,β-unsaturated amides moieties by a chemical reaction between DNQ and *** exerted anti-inflammatory effects through activation of Nrf2/ARE ***1 was demonstrated to be the direct target of DNQ and bound with DNQ through conjugate addition reaction involving *** specific alkylation site of DNQ on Keap1 for Nrf2 activation was elucidated with a synthesized probe in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass *** triggered the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Keap1 by alkylation of the cysteine residue 489(Cys489)on Keap1-Kelch domain,ultimately enabling the activation of *** findings revealed that DNQ exhibited potent anti-inflammatory capacity throughα,β-unsaturated amides moieties active group which specifically activated Nrf2 signal pathway via alkylation/ubiquitination of Keap1-Kelch domain,suggesting the potential values of targeting Cys489 on Keap1-Kelch domain by DNQ-like small molecules in inflammatory therapies.

关键词： Deoxynyboquinone Anti-inflammation Target Keap1/Nrf2 Alkylation Ubiquitination

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Confluence of asymmetric catalysis and electrosynthesis in sustainable chemical transformations

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 755-758页

作者： Qinglin zhang Kang Liang chang Guo Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Electrosynthesis has gained widespread recognition for its extraordinary ability to precisely control the redox *** outstanding capability enables the direct conversion of non-functionalized substrates into reactive intermediates by utilizing easily accessible starting materials, eliminating the need for preliminary functionalization procedures and allowing for unconventional bond activations.

关键词： Confluence of asymmetric catalysis and electrosynthesis in sustainable chemical transformations

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Metagenomic analysis revealing the metabolic role of microbial communities in the free amino acid biosynthesis of Monascus rice vinegar during fermentation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2317-2326页

作者： hang Gao Jian zhang Li Liu Lijun Fu Yan Zhao Germán Mazza Xin zhang Beijing Academy of Food Sciences 100068 BeijingChina Institute for Research and Development in Process Engineering Biotechnology and Alternative Energies(PROBIENCONICET-UNCo)8300 NeuquénArgentina

Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer *** is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains *** metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar *** profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism *** metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was *** results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA *** study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.

关键词： Monascus rice vinegar Metagenomic analysis Free amino acid synthesis Metabolic pathway Microbial distribution

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Reliability ensemble averaging reduces surface wind speed projection uncertainties in the 21st century over China

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Advances in Climate change Research 2024年第2期15卷 222-229页

作者： Zheng-Tai zhang chang-Ai XU Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Accurate prediction of future surface wind speed(SWS)changes is the basis of scientific planning for wind *** studies have projected SWS changes in the 21st century over China on the basis of the multi-model ensemble(MME)of the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).However,the simulation capability for SWS varies greatly in CMIP6 multi-models,so the MME results still have large *** this study,we used the reliability ensemble averaging(REA)method to assign each model different weights according to their performances in simulating historical SWS changes and project the SWS under different shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs)in *** results indicate that REA considerably improves the SWS simulation capacity of CMIP6,eliminating the overestimation of SWS by the MME and increasing the simulation capacity of spatial *** spatial correlations with observations increased from 0.56 for the MME to 0.85 for ***,REA could eliminate the overestimation of the SWS by 33%in *** for southeastern China,the SWS generally decreases over China in the near term(2020-2049)and later term(2070-2099),particularly under high-emission *** SWS reduction projected by REA is twice as high as that by the MME in the near term,reaching-4%to-3%.REA predicts a larger area of increased SWS in the later term,which expands from southeastern China to eastern *** study helps to reduce the projected SWS uncertainties.

关键词： Surface wind speed Uncertainty Multi-model ensemble Reliability ensemble averaging CMIP6

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Development of a novel staging classification for Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2541-2554页

作者： Jian zhang Hao Liu hang Yu Wei-Xiang Xu Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)has not been *** To investigate the optimal stage classification for Siewert Ⅱ AEG with *** A nomogram was established based on Cox regression model that analyzed variables associated with overall survival(OS)and disease-specific survival(DSS).The nomogram performance in terms of discrimination and calibration ability was evaluated using the likelihood-ratio test,Akaike information criterion,Harrell concordance index,time-receiver operating characteristic curve,and decision curve *** Data from 725 patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and gastrectomy were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results *** and multivariate analyses revealed that sex,marital status,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors of OS,whereas sex,race,ypT stage,and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors for *** factors were incorporated into the OS and DSS *** novel nomogram model performed better in terms of OS and DSS prediction compared to the 8th American Joint Committee of Cancer pathological staging system for esophageal and gastric ***,a user-friendly web application was developed for clinical *** The nomogram established specifically for patients with Siewert type Ⅱ AEG receiving NAC demonstrated good prognostic *** using external data is warranted before its widespread clinical application.

关键词： Stage classification Prognosis Esophagogastric junction cancer Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Siewert type

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