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Sludge composition and characteristics shaped microbial community and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei liu Chenxiang Sun Wei li Tianle li zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding Group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge composition and characteristics on microbial community and *** sludge physiochemical indices,microbial community and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was *** four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic compounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) *** with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t COD),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a community with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production ***,it was recommended that OLR alone was not sufficient for controlling the system in design and operation,the concentration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t COD should be equally *** higher concentration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were recommended as indicators for inferior running *** results proposed that microbial communities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering ecology and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial community Full-scale

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A tectono-thermal perspective on the petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation in the southern Ordos Basin, North China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1459-1473页

作者： Peng Yang zhan.li ren Jin-Hua Fu Hong-Ping Bao Hui Xiao Zheng Shi Kun Wang Yuan-Yuan zhang Wen-Hui liu Wen-Hou li State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi'an710069ShanxiChina National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil and Gas Fields Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'an710018ShaanxiChina Shaanxi Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Geology School of Earth Science and EngineeringXi'an Shiyou UniversityXian710065ShaanxiChina Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology Petroleum Exploration and Production Research InstituteSINOPECWuxi214126JiangsuChina

The southern Ordos Basin has excellent petroleum exploration ***,the tectono-thermal history and the controls on petroleum generation,accumulation and preservation conditions in southern basin are *** this study,we analyzed the present geothermal field,paleo-geothermal gradient,maturity of the hydrocarbon source rocks,uplift and cooling process and tectono-thermal evolution *** the study area,for the Ordovician,Permain and the Triassic strata,the present temperature is low(3070℃)in the southeastern area but high(80140℃)in the northwestern *** paleogeothermal gradient varied from 24℃/km to 30℃/km with a heat flow of 58—69 m W/m^(2)(i.e.,a medium-temperature basin).The paleo-temperatures are higher than the present temperatures and the maximum paleo-temperatures controlled the thermal maturity of the source *** vitrinite reflectance(Ro)values of the Triassic strata are>0.7%and the thermal maturity reached the middlemature oil generation *** Rovalues of the Permian-Ordovician strata are>1.8%and the thermal maturity reached the over-mature gas generation *** southern Ordos Basin has experienced the multiple tectonic events at the Late Ordovician Caledonian(452 Ma),Late Triassic(215 Ma),Late Jurassic(165160 Ma),End-Early Cretaceous(110100 Ma)and Cenozoic(since 40 Ma).A large-scale tectonothermal event occurred at the End-Early Cretaceous(110100 Ma),which was controlled by lithospheric extension,destruction and *** event led to the highest paleo-temperatures and thermal maturities and coeval with the peak period of petroleum generation and *** southern Ordos Basin has undergone rapid and large-scale uplift since the Late Cretaceous due to expansion of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,uplift of the Qinling orogenic belt and thrust faulting in the liupanshan tectonic *** southern Ordos Basin experienced tectonic overprinting that was strong in the south and weak in the *** str

关键词： Fission-track dating Vitrinitereflectance Geothermal field Tectono-thermal evolution Petroleum geology Ordos Basin

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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Recent advances in Fe-N-C-and Co-N-C-based materials as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1137-1160页

作者： Hui-Min Xu Hong-Rui Zhu Chen-Jin Huang Zhi-Jie zhang Ting-Yu Shuai Qi-Ni zhan Gao-ren li College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Fe-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)-and Co-nitrogen-carbon(Co-N-C)-based electrocatalysts have been widely concerned because of their high OER/ORR activity,low metal cost,and simple *** exploration of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atombased catalysts with high activity and stability to overcome the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is also the key to the development of efficient electrolytic water,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air ***-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts have the advantages of a high utilization rate of metal atoms and high electrocatalytic activity,and are ideal catalysts for promoting electrochemical energy conversion and *** general principles of designing Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts are reviewed in this ***,the strategies to improve the bifunctional catalytic activity and stability are ***,the challenges and prospects of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts are well *** review will provide a reference for the directed optimization of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts.

关键词： Fe-N-C Co-N-C single atom bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts

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Environmental Conditions Conducive to the Formation of Multiple Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第10期41卷 2027-2042页

作者： Yining GU Ruifen zhan Xiaomeng li Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Institute of Desert and Meteorology China Meteorological Administration

There is limited understanding regarding the formation of multiple tropical cyclones(MTCs). This study explores the environmental conditions conducive to MTC formation by objectively determining the atmospheric circulation patterns favorable for MTC formation over the western North Pacific. Based on 199 MTC events occurring from June to October 1980–2020, four distinct circulation patterns are identified: the monsoon trough(MT) pattern, accounting for 40.3% of occurrences, the confluence zone(CON) pattern at 26.2%, the easterly wave(EW) pattern at 17.8%, and the monsoon gyre(MG) pattern at 15.7%. The MT pattern mainly arises from the interaction between the subtropical high and the monsoon trough, with MTCs forming along the monsoon trough and its flanks. The CON pattern is affected by the subtropical high,the South Asian high, and the monsoon trough, with MTCs emerging at the confluence zone where the prevailing southwesterly and southeasterly flows converge. The EW pattern is dominated by easterly flows, with MTCs developing along the easterly wave train. MTCs in the MG pattern arise within a monsoon vortex characterized by strong southwesterly flows. A quantitative analysis further indicates that MTC formation in the MT pattern is primarily governed by mid-level vertical velocity and low-level vorticity, while mid-level humidity and vertical velocity are significantly important in the other patterns. The meridional shear and convergence of zonal winds are essential in converting barotropic energy from the basic flows to disturbance kinetic energy, acting as the primary source for eddy kinetic energy growth.

关键词： barotropic energy conversion circulation pattern monsoon trough multiple tropical cyclones western North Pacific

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Context‑dependent antioxidant defense system(ADS)‑based stress memory in response to recurrent environmental challenges in congeneric invasive species

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Marine life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 315-330页

作者： Hanxi li Xuena Huang Aibin zhan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Marine ecosystems are facing escalating environmental fluctuations owing to climate change and human activities,imposing pressures on marine *** withstand recurring environmental challenges,marine organisms,especially benthic species lacking behavioral choices to select optimal habitats,have to utilize well-established strategies such as the antioxidant defense system(ADS)to ensure their ***,understanding of the mechanisms governing the ADS-based response is essential for gaining insights into adaptive strategies for managing environmental *** we conducted a com-parative analysis of the physiological and transcriptional responses based on the ADS during two rounds of'hypersalinity-recovery'challenges in two model congeneric invasive ascidians,Ciona robusta and *** results demonstrated that *** exhibited higher tolerance and resistance to salinity stresses at the physiological level,while *** demonstrated heightened responses at the transcriptional *** observed distinct transcriptional responses,particularly in the utilization of two superoxide dismutase(SOD)*** Ciona species developed physiological stress memory with elevated total SOD(T-SOD)and glutathione(GSH)responses,while only *** demonstrated transcriptional stress *** regulatory distinctions within the Nrf2-Keap1 signalling pathway likely explain the formation disparity of transcriptional stress memory between both Ciona *** findings support the'context-dependent stress memory hypothesis',emphasizing the emergence of species-specific stress memory at diverse regulatory levels in response to recurrent environmental *** results enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of environmental challenge manage-ment in marine species,particularly those related to the ADS.

关键词： Antioxidant defense Ascidian Biological invasion Environmental stress Stress memory

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Surface Elastic Effects on Electromechanical Responses of a Piezoelectric Semiconducting Nanobeam

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第4期37卷 598-612页

作者： Aowen Bao Xiaobao li Yuxue Pu Chunxiao zhan School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China

Piezoelectric semiconductors(PSCs)find extensive applications in modern smart electronic devices because of their dual properties of being piezoelectric and *** the increasing demand for miniaturization of these devices,the performance of their components needs to be carefully designed and optimized,especially when reduced to *** has been shown that surface elastic properties play a substantial role in the mechanical performance of nanoscale materials and *** on this understanding,the surface elastic effects,encompassing surface residual stress,surface membrane stiffness,and surface bending stiffness,are comprehensively taken into account to explore the electromechanical responses of a PSC ***,the flexoelectric effect on their responses is also systematically *** results of this work reveal that surface elastic properties predominantly influence mechanical performance,while the flexoelectric effect plays a more dominant role in electric-related quantities at the ***,the significance of surface bending rigidity,which was often underestimated in the earlier literature,is ***,owing to the flexoelectric effect,the linear distribution of electric potential and charge carriers along the length transforms into a nonlinear *** distributions of electric potential and charge carriers across the cross section are also evidently ***,the size-dependent responses are *** findings may provide valuable insights for optimizing electronic devices based on nanoscale PSCs.

关键词： Surface elastic effect Flexoelectricity Size effect Piezoelectric semiconductor

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Beyond the lab:a nanoimprint metalens arraybased augmented reality

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 801-802页

作者： Chi li Haoran ren School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

A see-through augmented reality prototype has been developed based on an ultrathin nanoimprint metalens array,opening up a full-colour,video-rate,and low-cost 3D near-eye display.

关键词： cost ens imprint

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Experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 496-509页

作者： Shan liu Chunyuan liu Yifei Hao Yi zhang li Chen zhan.li Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Prefabricated Buildings and Intelligent Construction Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300400China Institute of Defense Engineering AMSPLABeijing 100850China Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion&Impact of Ministry of Education Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention&Mitigation of Explosion&Impact Army Engineering University of the PLANanjing 210007JiangsuChina

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil *** geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and ***,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are *** this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and *** experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of *** that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical *** tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact *** was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different *** AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly *** plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

关键词： Engineered geopolymer composites Fiber optimization Strengthening material Blast resistance Masonry wall Reinforced AAC panel Plain concrete slab

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Bond behavior of the interface between concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer bar after freeze–thaw cycles

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 630-641页

作者： li HONG Mingming li Congming DU Shenjiang HUANG Binggen zhan Qijun YU Department of Structural Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment for Cement-based Materials(Ministry of Education) Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Hefei Cement Research&Design Institute Corporation Ltd. Hefei 230051China

The shear bond of interface between concrete and basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)bars during freeze–thaw(F–T)cycles is crucial for the application of BFRP bar-reinforced concrete structures in cold *** this study,48 groups of pull-out specimens were designed to test the shear bond of the BFRP-concrete interface subjected to F–T *** effects of concrete strength,diameter,and embedment length of BFRP rebar were investigated under numerous F–T *** results showed that a larger diameter or longer embedment length of BFRP rebar resulted in lower interfacial shear bond behavior,such as interfacial bond strength,initial stiffness,and energy absorption,after the interface goes through F–T ***,higher concrete strength and fewer F–T cycles were beneficial for enhancing the interfacial bond ***,a three-dimensional(3D)interfacial model based on the finite element method was developed,and the interfacial bond behavior of the specimens was analyzed ***,a degradation bond strength subjected to F–T cycles was predicted by a proposed mechanical *** predictions were fully consistent with the tested *** model demonstrated accuracy in describing the shear bond behavior of the interface under numerous F–T cycles.

关键词： F-T cycle interface shear bond strength bond stress−slip curves bond degradation

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