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Surface water resource attenuation attribution and patterns in Hai River Basin

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1545-1560页

作者： Qingming WANG Yong ZHAO Hao WANG Jiaqi zhai Yue ZHANG Fan HE Rong LIU Mengyang MA State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR)Beijing 100038China Key Laboratory of Water Safety for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100038China General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100120China

From 1956 to 2016,Hai River Basin suffered the most severe surface water resource attenuation among the 10 first-class river basins in *** on the surface water circulation process,and evolving characteristics of precipitation and underlying surface in Hai River Basin,this study attributed the causes of surface water resource attenuation to six primary impact factors,analyzed each factor's quantitative contribution,and revealed four patterns of surface water resource attenuation in Hai River *** pattern of the dominant factor:comparing the 1980–2000 period with the 1956–1979period,the variation of precipitation is the dominant factor of which contribution is 7 billion m^(3),accounting for 59%of total11.7 billion m^(3);comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1956–1979 period,the increasing of vegetation cover in mountainous area is the dominant factor of which contribution is 2.78 billion m3,accounting for 51%of total 4.9 billion m^(3).The pattern of spatial distributions:comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1956–1979 period,mountainous areas were more affected by increasing vegetation cover which for example contributed 42%in Luan River Basin mountainous;the plains were more impacted by farmland ridge interception which for example contributed 51%in Beisi River Basin *** pattern of attenuation trend:comparing the 2001–2016 period with the 1980–2000 period,surface water resources in mountainous areas continued to decline,owing to the increasing water consumption of large-scale vegetation restoration,while the influence of the underlying surface changes on surface water resources in plains areas tended to remain *** pattern of reversible change:among factors led to surface water resource attenuation,the human activity,including vegetation cover increase,farmland ridge interception,and urbanization expansion,contributed 36%of the attenuation,which resulted in the variation of precipitation-runoff *** study improved the traditiona

关键词： Hai River Basin Surface water resources Contribution decomposition Quantitative contribution Attenuation patterns

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Constructing long-cycling crystalline C_(3)N_(4)-based carbonaceous anodes for sodium-ion battery via N configuration control

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 159-171页

作者： Ying Wang Hongguan Li Shuanlong Di Boyin zhai Ping Niu Antonios Kelarakis Shulan Wang Li Li School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina Department of Chemistry College of ScienceNortheastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina School of Natural Sciences UCLan Research Centre for Smart MaterialsUniversity of Central LancashirePrestonUK Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern UniversityFoshanGuangdongChina

Carbon nitrides with two-dimensional layered structures and high theoretical capacities are attractive as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries while their low crystallinity and insufficient structural stability strongly restrict their practical *** carbon nitrides with conductive carbon may relieve these ***,little is known about the influence of nitrogen(N)configurations on the interactions between carbon and C_(3)N_(4),which is fundamentally critical for guiding the precise design of advanced C_(3)N_(4)-related ***,highly crystalline C_(3)N_(4)(poly(triazine imide),PTI)based all-carbon composites were developed by molten salt *** importantly,the vital role of pyrrolic-N for enhancing charge transfer and boosting Na+storage of C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,which was confirmed by both theoretical and experimental evidence,was spot-highlighted for the first *** elaborately controlling the salt composition,the composite with high pyrrolic-N and minimized graphitic-N content was *** from the formation of highly crystalline PTI and electrochemically favorable pyrrolic-N configurations,the composite delivered an unusual reverse growth and record-level cycling stability even after 5000 cycles along with high reversible capacity and outstanding full-cell capacity *** work broadens the energy storage applications of C_(3)N_(4) and provides new prospects for the design of advanced all-carbon electrodes.

关键词： anode highly crystalline C_(3)N_(4) N configuration sodium-ion batteries ultra-long cyclic stability

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胰腺癌患者外周血CD4^-CD8^-T细胞与IL-4、IFN-γ的关系

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中华外科杂志 2009年第13期47卷 995-998页

作者：陈炯杜敏李文波雷春杨兵汤厚阔翟志敏马金良李庆安徽医科大学附属省立医院普通外科合肥230001 安徽医科大学附属省立医院中心实验室合肥230001

目的研究胰腺癌患者外周血CIM—CD8-T细胞比例与IL-4、IFN-γ含量变化及其相互关系。方法分别应用流式细胞仪及ELISA法检测25例胰腺癌患者和45名健康人外周血中CD4-CD8-T细胞比例和IL-4、IFN-γ的含量。结果25例胰腺癌患者CD4-CD8-T细胞... 详细信息

目的研究胰腺癌患者外周血CIM—CD8-T细胞比例与IL-4、IFN-γ含量变化及其相互关系。方法分别应用流式细胞仪及ELISA法检测25例胰腺癌患者和45名健康人外周血中CD4-CD8-T细胞比例和IL-4、IFN-γ的含量。结果25例胰腺癌患者CD4-CD8-T细胞占CD3^＋T细胞的比例为（4．2±1．7）％，45名健康人CD4-CD8-T细胞占CD3^＋T细胞的比例为（6．3±2．6）％，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。胰腺癌患者外周血中IL-4含量为（86．3±23．3）fg／L，健康对照组外周血中IL-4含量为（56．2±9．2）fg／L，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。胰腺癌患者外周血中IFN-γ含量为（16．4±4．8）fg／L，健康对照组外周血中IFN-1含量为（27．4±3．8）fg／L，两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。胰腺癌患者手术后CD4-CD8-T细胞比例显著高于术前（P〈0．01）。胰腺癌患者外周血CD4-CD8-T细胞比例与IL_4含量呈负相关，与IFN-γ含量呈正相关；胰腺癌患者CD4-CD8-T细胞比例、IL4含量与肿瘤临床分期有关（P〈0．05），与肿瘤分化程度均无关（P〉0．05），IFN-γ含量与肿瘤临床分期和肿瘤分化程度均无关（P〉0．05）。结论CD4-CD8-T细胞在胰腺癌患者外周血中比例降低，CD4-CD8-T细胞可能通过影响IFN-γ的分泌参与胰腺癌的发生和发展。

关键词：胰腺肿瘤 CD4-CD8比值白细胞介素4 干扰素Ⅱ型

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Assessing cutter-rock interaction during TBM tunnelling in granite:Large-scale standing rotary cutting tests and 3D DEM simulations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3595-3615页

作者： Xin Huang Miaoyuan Tang Shuaifeng Wang Yixin zhai Qianwei Zhuang Chi Zhang Qinghua Lei Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Xinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina State Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghaiChina China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina Shanghai Shield Design and Experimental Research Center Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock *** this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact *** assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting *** specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting *** contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius ***,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius *** cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting ***,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull *** proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/*** findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.

关键词： Large-scale standing rotary cutting test Discrete element method(DEM)simulation Cutter-rock interaction Improved CSM(Colorado School of mines) model Cutting force

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Convergent Richtmyer-Meshkov instability on two-dimensional tri-mode interfaces

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： zhigang zhai Jinru Xu Xisheng Luo Advanced Propulsion Laboratory Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Interfacial fluid mixing driven by a shock wave is a common phenomenon that occurs frequently in basic science research and in a variety of applications. In this work, shock-tube experiments on the developments of two-dimensional tri-mode interfaces accelerated by a convergent shock wave are performed. Eight sets of different combinations in the value of phase and that of amplitude in a tri-mode perturbed interface are studied to evaluate the effect of mode coupling on the amplitude growths of the basic modes. The qualitative results show that the phase combination obviously affects the interface morphologies and flow features. The alternation of each mode amplitude does not affect the major flow features, such as the number and arrangement of the bubbles and spikes, but affects the local interface features. Depending upon the phase combination, the mode amplitude growth is either promoted or suppressed by mode coupling relative to the single-mode counterpart. By considering the feedbacks from both the first-order and second-order mode couplings, the mode amplitude growth can be qualitatively predicted. Relative to dual-mode interface, mode coupling occurs earlier in tri-mode interface. For the sets of parameters we studied, the effect of initial phase on the amplitude growth is greater and occurs earlier for the mode with low mode number. In addition, the amplitude development of mode with high mode number is more affected by initial amplitudes of basic modes than that of mode with low mode number. The introduction of the third mode affects the amplitude growths of original two modes, but has little effect on the final mixing width growth. Finally, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the amplitude growth of each basic mode.

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SENEX-mediated CDK4/6 inhibition promotes senescence and confers apoptosis resistance in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 453-462页

作者： JIYU WANG LIUYING YI KEKE HUANG YANGYANG WANG HUIPING WANG zhimin zhai Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230601China Department of Hematology The Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineYiwu322000China

Background:The primary cause of treatment failure in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(r/r B-NHL)is resistance to current therapies,and therapy-induced senescence(TIS)stands out as a crucial mechanism contributing to tumor drug ***,we analyzed SENEX/Rho GTPase Activating Protein 18(ARHGAP18)expression and prognostic signiﬁcance in doxorubicin-induced B-NHL-TIS model and r/r B-NHL patients,investigating its target in B-NHL cell senescence and the effect of combining speciﬁc inhibitors on apoptosis resistance in B-NHL-TIS ***:Raji cells were transfected with the human SENEX shRNA recombinant lentiviral vector(Sh-SENEX)and the empty vector negative(NC)to construct a stable transfection cell line with knockdown of *** of SENEX-silencing on B-NHL-TIS formation,cell function and cell cycle-related pathways was *** doxorubicin(DOX)-inducible senescent B-NHL cells combined with the speciﬁc cyclin dependent kinase 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitor Palbociclib to observe that blocking CDK4/6 effects on TIS *** expression of 21 B-NHL patients and 8 healthy controls were analyzed by qRT-PCR,and the correlation between its expression and clinical indicators were ***:The downregulation of SENEX expression promotes G1-S phase transition and apoptosis while inhibiting cell proliferation,collectively suppressing the formation of TIS in *** of CDK4/6 promotes the DOX-induced G1 phase arrest to enhance TIS formation in B-NHL cells which can reverse the regulatory effect of silencing SENEX on B-NHL cell cycle regulation and *** expression levels of SENEX were notably elevated in B-NHL patients compared to healthy controls,and Elevated expression levels of SENEX were associated with poor prognosis of B-NHL ***:SENEX enhances apoptosis resistance in B-NHL by inhibiting CDK4/6,thereby preventing G1-S phase transition and promoting TIS formation.

关键词： SENEX B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma CDK4/6 G1-S phase transition Therapy-induced senescence Apoptosis resistance

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Observation of regular pulse train in a narrow-band optoelectronic oscillator

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第2期20卷 94-99页

作者： ZHAO Chunbo TUO Zhuoyue YAO Jiali HE Yuling zhai Shenghua MENG Yansong China Academy of Space Technology(Xi’an) Xi’an 710000China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave Xi’an 710000China1

We have experimentally observed a new operating state of a regular pulse train in a narrow-band optoelectronic oscillator(OEO) system, where the direct-current(DC) bias of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is set at the maximum value of the transmission transfer function instead of the usual quadrature point. The observed quasi-steady-state pulse train is distinctly periodic, with a period of 10.5 μs and a center frequency of 10 GHz, and resembles a mode-locked OEO in its waveform. The formation of regular pulses here may arise from the dynamic balance of nonlinearity and narrow-band filter effects, with the transient characteristics of the pulses arising mainly from instabilities between the gain and cavity loss. Our results are of great importance for deepening the understanding of the nonlinear dynamical processes in OEO systems.

关键词： optoelectronic pulse modulator

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Not in Control,but Liable?Attributing Human Responsibility for Fully Automated Vehicle Accidents

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 121-132页

作者： Siming zhai Lin Wang Peng Liu Center for Psychological Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310063China Department of Library and Information Science Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

Human agency has become increasingly limited in complex systems with increasingly automated decision-making *** instance,human occupants are passengers and do not have direct vehicle control in fully automated cars(i.e.,driverless cars).An interesting question is whether users are responsible for the accidents of these *** ethical and legal analyses frequently argue that individuals should not bear responsibility for harm beyond their ***,we consider human judgment of responsibility for accidents involving fully automated cars through three studies with seven experiments(N=2668).We compared the responsibility attributed to the occupants in three conditions:an owner in his private fully automated car,a passenger in a driverless robotaxi,and a passenger in a conventional taxi,where none of these three occupants have direct vehicle control over the involved vehicles that cause identical pedestrian *** contrast to normative analyses,we show that the occupants of driverless cars(private cars and robotaxis)are attributed more responsibility than conventional taxi *** dilemma is robust across different contexts(e.g.,participants from China vs the Republic of Korea,participants with first-vs third-person perspectives,and occupant presence vs absence).Furthermore,we observe that this is not due to the perception that these occupants have greater control over driving but because they are more expected to foresee the potential consequences of using driverless *** findings suggest that when driverless vehicles(private cars and taxis)cause harm,their users may face more social pressure,which public discourse and legal regulations should manage appropriately.

关键词： Fully automated vehicle accidents Responsibility attribution Controllability Foreseeability

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合肥地区急性呼吸系统感染病原体的流行病学调查

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中华医院感染学杂志 2009年第8期19卷 892-895页

作者：夏大庆沈佐君翟志敏梅晓冬徐晓玲安徽医科大学附属省立医院呼吸科安徽合肥230001

目的了解合肥地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)病原体分布情况和影响其病原体分布的因素。方法入选2006年5月-2007年4月急性呼吸道感染患者530例,咽拭子法取鼻咽部分泌物和咳出的深部痰标本,采用直接免疫荧光法检测急性呼吸道感染常见病毒抗原,... 详细信息

目的了解合肥地区急性呼吸道感染(ARI)病原体分布情况和影响其病原体分布的因素。方法入选2006年5月-2007年4月急性呼吸道感染患者530例,咽拭子法取鼻咽部分泌物和咳出的深部痰标本,采用直接免疫荧光法检测急性呼吸道感染常见病毒抗原,应用荧光定量PCR法检测肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体核酸。结果530例急性呼吸道感染患者病原体阳性例数421例,检出阳性率为79.43%;腺病毒抗原阳性例数最多为73例,占受检人群13.77%,其后依次为流感病毒A68例(12.83%),流感病毒B56例(10.56%),呼吸道合胞病毒48例(9.05%),副流感病毒147例(8.86%),副流感病毒342例(7.92%),副流感病毒233例(6.22%),肺炎支原体32例(6.03%),肺炎衣原体22例(4.15%);冬季病原体检出阳性率最高(85.07%)。结论合肥地区急性呼吸道感染以急性上呼吸道感染多见,约75%是由病毒引起,其中以腺病毒感染最为多见,一年中又以冬、春季节多发,非典型病原体感染不容忽视。

关键词：病原体流行病学非典型病原体免疫荧光测定

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Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typical Eocene oil shales in China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： Changbo zhai zhirong Zhang John K.Volkman Hong Lu Yan'e Chen SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This study conducted a comparative analysis of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typical Eocene immature oil shales in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun *** the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indicators in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In contrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extracts and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity *** absence of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist ***,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric distribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presence of an additional *** unsaturated hopenes,such as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the occurrence of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl *** absence of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts suggests that it might act as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within *** extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids'stereochemical alignment indicates that epimerization may occur in both ring systems and alkyl side chains of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quick screening method for geological hopanoids without causing any significant alteration to the original skeletons even when cracking multiple covalent bonds is necessary.

关键词： Hopanoid Hopane Hopene Neohopene Stepwise pyrolysis Kerogen Eocene oil shale

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