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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 36-52页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park Dae-hwan kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Dae-Kue hwang Jaebaek Lee Dong-hwan Jeon Yunae Cho William Jo Taeseon Lee JunHo kim Sang-Hoon Nam Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic *** main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and *** overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior *** determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber *** elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)*** the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.

关键词： carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential

[001]-texturing of(K,Na)NbO_(3)-based piezoceramics with a pseudocubic structure and their application to piezoelectric devices

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 632-642页

作者： Su-hwan Go Seok-Jung Park Seung-Hyun kim Seok-June Chae Eun-Ji kim Geun-Su Lee Sahn Nahm Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea

0.96(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5-z)Li_(z))(Nb_(0.92)Sb_(0.08))O_(3)-0.04(Ca_(0.5)Sr_(0.5))ZrO_(3)[(KN_(0.5-z)L_(z))NS-CSZ]piezoceramics(0≤z≤0.04)were aligned in the[001]orientation using 3%(in mole)NaNbO_(3)templates with a large Lotgering factor(>97%).Their crystal structures transformed from the orthorhombic-pseudocubic(O-P)structure to the orthorhombic-tetragonal-pseudocubic(O-T-P)structure with an increasing *** P structure was interpreted as a rhombohedral R3m *** piezoelectricity of the compositions increased after[001]-texturing,and the enhancement was proportional to the O phase *** composition(z=0.03)exhibited the highest piezoelectric constant(d_(33);670 pC/N)and electromechanical coupling factor(k_(p);0.56).Piezoelectric energy harvesters were produced using the untextured and textured samples(z=0.03).The textured harvester delivered a large power density of 26.6 mW/mm^(3),which was larger than that of the untextured harvester owing to the enhanced kp and d_(33)×g_(33) of the textured piezoceramic.A multilayer actuator was produced using the textured sample(z=0.03),and it exhibited a large acceleration(44.2 G)and displacement(±3,730 mm)at±25 ***,the[001]-textured(KN_(0.47)L_(0.03))NS-CSZ piezoceramic is suitable for piezoelectric energy harvesters and actuators.

关键词： KNN-Based piezoceramic Lead-free Energy harvester Actuator Reactive template grain growth

KoNA:Korean Nucleotide Archive as A New Data Repository for Nucleotide Sequence Data

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第1期22卷 161-167页

作者： Gunhwan Ko Jae Ho Lee Young Mi Sim Wangho Song Byung-Ha Yoon Iksu Byeon Bang Hyuck Lee Sang-Ok kim Jinhyuk Choi Insoo Jang Hyerin kim Jin Ok Yang Kiwon Jang Sora kim Jong-hwan kim Jongbum Jeon Jaeeun Jung Seungwoo hwang Ji-hwan Park Pan-Gyu kim Seon-Young kim Byungwook Lee Korea Bioinformation Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience&BiotechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea

During the last decade,the generation and accumulation of petabase-scale high-throughput sequencing data have resulted in great challenges,including access to human data,as well as transfer,storage,and sharing of enormous amounts of *** promote data-driven biological research,the Korean government announced that all biological data generated from government-funded research projects should be deposited at the Korea BioData Station(K-BDS),which consists of multiple databases for individual data ***,we introduce the Korean Nucleotide Archive(KoNA),a repository of nucleotide sequence *** of July 2022,the Korean Read Archive in KoNA has collected over 477 TB of raw next-generation sequencing data from national genome *** ensure data quality and prepare for international alignment,a standard operating procedure was adopted,which is similar to that of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database *** standard operating procedure includes quality control processes for submitted data and metadata using an automated pipeline,followed by manual *** ensure fast and stable data transfer,a high-speed transmission system called GBox is used in ***,the data uploaded to or downloaded from KoNA through GBox can be readily processed using a cloud computing service called *** seamless coupling of KoNA,GBox,and Bio-Express enhances the data experience,including submission,access,and analysis of raw nucleotide *** not only satisfies the unmet needs for a national sequence repository in Korea but also provides datasets to researchers globally and contributes to advances in *** KoNA is available at https://***/kona/.

关键词： Korea BioData Station Nucleotide sequence Next-generation sequencing repository Genomics Deposition and access of big data

Disordered Structure and Reversible Phase Transformation from K-Birnessite to Zn-Buserite Enable High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-lon Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 100-111页

作者： Nibagani Naresh Suyoon Eom Sang Jun Lee Su hwan Jeong Ji-Won Jung Young Hwa Jung Joo-Hyung kim Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology Gyeongsang National University(GNU)Jinju 52828South Korea School of Material Science and Engineering(Ceramic Engineering) Gyeongsang National University(GNU)Jinju 52828South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ulsan(UOU)Ulsan 44776South Korea PLS-ⅡBeamline Division Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL)Pohang 37673South Korea

The layeredδ-MnO_(2)(dMO)is an excellent cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to its large interlayer distance(~0.7 nm),high capacity,and low cost;however,such cathodes suffer from structural degradation during the long-term cycling process,leading to capacity *** this study,a Co-doped dMO composite with reduced graphene oxide(GC-dMO)is developed using a simple cost-effective hydrothermal *** degree of disorderness increases owing to the hetero-atom doping and graphene oxide *** is demonstrated that layered dMO and GC-dMO undergo a structural transition from K-birnessite to the Zn-buserite phase upon the first discharge,which enhances the intercalation of Zn^(2+)ions,H_(2)O molecules in the layered *** GC-dMO cathode exhibits an excellent capacity of 302 mAh g^(-1)at a current density of 100 mAg^(-1)after 100 cycles as compared with the dMO cathode(159 mAhg^(-1)).The excellent electrochemical performance of the GC-dMO cathode owing to Co-doping and graphene oxide sheets enhances the interlayer gap and disorderness,and maintains structural stability,which facilitates the easy reverse intercalation and de-intercalation of Zn^(2+)ions and H_(2)O ***,GC-dMO is a promising cathode material for large-scale aqueous ZIBs.

关键词： aqueous zinc-ion batteries birnessite buserite disordered structure phase transformation

Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu kim Dohyeon Gong Woon-Hong Yeo Seungyong Han Seung hwan Ko Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National University IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

Benefit in physical function and quality of life to nonsurgical treatment of varicose veins: Pilot study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 517-524页

作者： Gwon-Min kim BoKun kim Minwoo Jang Jong-hwan Park Miju Bae Chung Won Lee Jong Won kim Up Huh Medical Research Institute Pusan National University School of MedicineYangsan 50612South Korea Future Convergence Research Institute Changwon National UniversityChangwon 51140South Korea Department of Convergence Medical Science School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan 50612South Korea Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Pusan National University School of MedicineBiomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea

BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains ***,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain *** To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during *** We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL *** Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle *** Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy *** studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.

关键词： Varicose vein Nonsurgical treatment Physical function Quality of life Near infrared spectroscopy

Heterogeneity in the risk of incident liver cirrhosis driven by PNPLA3 genotype and diabetes among different populations

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 115-118页

作者： Bo Kyung Koo Dong Hyeon Lee Jeong hwan Park Won kim Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineBoramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Pathology Boramae Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea

Advanced fibrosis determines the prognosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD);therefore,accurate risk-prediction for advanced fibrosis is fundamental in the management of NAFLD(1).Targeted screening for advanced fibrosis in high-risk populations,such as those with type 2 diabetes,obesity with metabolic complications,a family history of cirrhosis,or significant alcohol use is recommended for implementing early intervention to prevent future adverse hepatic outcomes of NAFLD(2,3).Non-invasive tests including fibrosis-4 index(FIB-4)and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)are recommended to identify individuals at a higher risk of liver-related events(1,2).In addition to clinical classifications,such as FIB-4;genetic information provides further stratification for liver-related outcomes(4).

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) cirrhosis PNPLA3-rs738409

Understanding of the Relationship between the Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)Solar Cells and the Structure of Ag Network Electrodes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 246-253页

作者： Hyesun Yoo Hoang Van Quy Inpyo Lee Seung Taek Jo Tae Ei Hong JunHo kim Dae-hwang Yoo Jinwook Shin Walter Commerell Dae-hwan kim Jong Wook Roh Regional Leading Research Center(RLRC)of Smart Energy System Kyungpook National UniversityGyeongsangbuk-do 37224Korea Division of Energy Technology DaeguGyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 47922Korea Nano Photoelectronic Device Lab Department of PhysicsIncheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Korea Institute for Energy and Drive Technology Technische Hochschule Ulm(THU)Ulm 89081Germany Department of Nano&Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityGyeongsangbuk-do 37224Korea

The relation between the structure of the silver network electrodes and the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)solar cells is systemically *** Ag network electrode is deposited onto an Al:ZnO(AZO)thin film,employing a self-forming cracked *** control over the cracked template's structure is achieved through careful adjustment of temperature and *** Ag network electrodes with different coverage areas and network densities are systemically applied to the CIGS solar *** is revealed that predominant fill factor(FF)is influenced by the figure of merit of transparent conducting electrodes,rather than sheet resistance,particularly when the coverage area falls within the range of 1.3–5%.Furthermore,a higher network density corresponds to an enhanced FF when the coverage areas of the Ag networks are *** utilizing a thinner AZO film,CIGS solar cells with a surface area of 1.0609 cm^(2)exhibit a notable performance improvement,with efficiency increasing from 10.48%to 11.63%.This enhancement is primarily attributed to the increase in FF from 45%to 65%.These findings underscore the considerable potential for reducing the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide(TCO)in CIGS modules with implications for practical applications in photovoltaic technology.

关键词： CIGS large-area solar cell metal mesh metallic network transparent electrode

电沉积Mo和Mo-Co合金纳米线用于互联电阻的电阻率改性

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 127-137页

作者： Jun hwan Moon Taesoon kim Youngmin Lee Seunghyun kim Yanghee kim Jae-Pyoung Ahn Jungwoo Choi Hyuck Mo Lee Young Keun kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and EngineeringDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Research Resources Division Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea

Achieving historically anticipated improvement in the performance of integrated circuits is challenging,due to the increasing cost and complexity of the required technologies with each new *** overcome this limitation,the exploration and development of novel interconnect materials and processes are highly desirable in the microelectronics ***(Mo)is attracting attention as an advanced interconnect material due to its small resistivity size effect and high cohesive energy;however,effective processing methods for such materials have not been widely ***,we investigate the electrochemical behavior of ions in the confined nanopores that affect the electrical properties and microstructures of nanoscale Mo and Mo-Co alloys prepared via template-assisted *** in an electrolyte allow the deposition of extremely pure metal materials,due to their interac-tion with metal ions and *** this study,boric acid and tetrabutylammonium bisulfate(TBA)were added to an acetate bath to inhibit the hydrogen evolution *** accelerated the reduction of Mo at the surface by inducing surface conduction on the *** Mo nanowires with a 130 nm diameter synthesized through high-aspect-ratio nanopore engineering exhibited a resistivity of(63.0±17.9)μΩ*** also evaluated the resistivities of Mo-Co alloy nanowires at various compo-sitions toward replacing irreducible conventional barrier/liner *** intermetallic compound formed at a Mo composition of 28.6 at%,the resistivity of the Mo-Co nanowire was(58.0±10.6)μΩcm,indicat-ing its superior electrical and adhesive properties in comparison with those of conventional barriers such as TaN and ***,density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function calcula-tions confirmed that the vertical resistance of the via structure constructed from Mo-based materials was 21%lower than that of a conventional Cu/Ta/TaN structure.

关键词： Molybdenum Molybdenum-cobalt Interconnect Microstructure Electrodeposition Density functional theory