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CapsNet-FR: Capsule Networks for Improved Recognition of Facial Features

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2169-2186页

作者： Mahmood Ul Haq Muhammad Athar Javed Sethi Najib Ben Aoun Ala Saleh Alluhaidan Sadique ahmad zahid farid Department of Computer System Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al-Baha UniversityAlaqiq65779-7738Saudi Arabia REGIM-Lab:Research Groups in Intelligent Machines National School of Engineers of Sfax(ENIS)University of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia EIAS:Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Karachi CampusKarachi541004Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Abasyn UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan

Face recognition (FR) technology has numerous applications in artificial intelligence including biometrics, security,authentication, law enforcement, and surveillance. Deep learning (DL) models, notably convolutional neuralnetworks (CNNs), have shown promising results in the field of FR. However CNNs are easily fooled since theydo not encode position and orientation correlations between features. Hinton et al. envisioned Capsule Networksas a more robust design capable of retaining pose information and spatial correlations to recognize objects morelike the brain does. Lower-level capsules hold 8-dimensional vectors of attributes like position, hue, texture, andso on, which are routed to higher-level capsules via a new routing by agreement algorithm. This provides capsulenetworks with viewpoint invariance, which has previously evaded CNNs. This research presents a FR model basedon capsule networks that was tested using the LFW dataset, COMSATS face dataset, and own acquired photos usingcameras measuring 128 × 128 pixels, 40 × 40 pixels, and 30 × 30 pixels. The trained model outperforms state-ofthe-art algorithms, achieving 95.82% test accuracy and performing well on unseen faces that have been blurred orrotated. Additionally, the suggested model outperformed the recently released approaches on the COMSATS facedataset, achieving a high accuracy of 92.47%. Based on the results of this research as well as previous results, capsulenetworks perform better than deeper CNNs on unobserved altered data because of their special equivarianceproperties.

关键词： CapsNet face recognition artificial intelligence

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ASLP-DL—A Novel Approach Employing Lightweight Deep Learning Framework for Optimizing Accident Severity Level Prediction

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2535-2555页

作者： Saba Awan zahid Mehmood Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan

Highway safety researchers focus on crash injury severity,utilizing deep learning—specifically,deep neural networks(DNN),deep convolutional neural networks(D-CNN),and deep recurrent neural networks(D-RNN)—as the preferred method for modeling accident *** learning’s strength lies in handling intricate relation-ships within extensive datasets,making it popular for accident severity level(ASL)prediction and *** prior success,there is a need for an efficient system recognizing ASL in diverse road *** address this,we present an innovative Accident Severity Level Prediction Deep Learning(ASLP-DL)framework,incorporating DNN,D-CNN,and D-RNN models fine-tuned through iterative hyperparameter selection with Stochastic Gradient *** framework optimizes hidden layers and integrates data augmentation,Gaussian noise,and dropout regularization for improved *** and factor contribution analyses identify influential *** on three diverse crash record databases—NCDB 2018–2019,UK 2015–2020,and US 2016–2021—the D-RNN model excels with an ACC score of 89.0281%,a Roc Area of 0.751,an F-estimate of 0.941,and a Kappa score of 0.0629 over the NCDB *** proposed framework consistently outperforms traditional methods,existing machine learning,and deep learning techniques.

关键词： Injury severity prediction deep learning feature

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Modelling of debris-flow susceptibility and propagation: a case study from Northwest Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 200-217页

作者： Hamza DAUD Javed Iqbal TANOLI Sardar Muhammad ASIF Muhammad QASIM Muhammad ALI Junaid KHAN zahid Imran BHATTI Ishtiaq ahmad Khan JADOON Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus 22010Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMascat 123Oman Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Department of Earth Sciences Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelian 22500Pakistan

The geological and geographical position of the Northwest Himalayas makes it a vulnerable area for mass movements particularly landslides and debris flows. Mass movements have had a substantial impact on the study area which is extending along Karakorum Highway(KKH) from Besham to Chilas. Intense seismicity, deep gorges, steep terrain and extreme climatic events trigger multiple mountain hazards along the KKH, among which debris flow is recognized as the most destructive geohazard. This study aims to prepare a field-based debris flow inventory map at a regional scale along a 200 km stretch from Besham to Chilas. A total of 117 debris flows were identified in the field, and subsequently, a point-based debris-flow inventory and catchment delineation were performed through Arc GIS analysis. Regional scale debris flow susceptibility and propagation maps were prepared using Weighted Overlay Method(WOM) and Flow-R technique sequentially. Predisposing factors include slope, slope aspect, elevation, Topographic Roughness Index(TRI), Topographic Wetness Index(TWI), stream buffer, distance to faults, lithology rainfall, curvature, and collapsed material layer. The dataset was randomly divided into training data(75%) and validation data(25%). Results were validated through the Receiver Operator Characteristics(ROC) curve. Results show that Area Under the Curve(AUC) using WOM model is 79.2%. Flow-R propagation of debris flow shows that the 13.15%, 22.94%, and 63.91% areas are very high, high, and low susceptible to debris flow respectively. The propagation predicated by Flow-R validates the naturally occurring debris flow propagation as observed in the field surveys. The output of this research will provide valuable input to the decision makers for the site selection, designing of the prevention system, and for the protection of current infrastructure.

关键词： North Pakistan Debris flow Flow-R Propagation Susceptibility mapping Debris-flow inventory Weighted Overlay Method

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A Systematic Review of Observational Studies, Demonstrating Smoking among School Going Adolescents

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第2期9卷 173-189页

作者： Shafquat Rozi Gillian Lancaster Sadia Mahmud zahid ahmad butt Talat Roome Nida zahid Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics Lancaster University Lancashire United Kingdom Visiting Faculty Department of Medicine Consultancy Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Pathology Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan Department of Surgery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To characterize the methods of design and analysis currently adopted in survey research of school-based observational studies for smoking, and to identify the common pitfalls made by researchers. Methods: The systematic review was conducted in 2009 and consisted of observational studies in school settings published between January 2005 and January 2009. Smoking status was the main outcome of interest. Following Cochrane style, five steps were followed: setting selection criteria for studies and conducting a literature search;review of abstracts;review of complete articles;data extraction and quality assessment of included studies;and, finally, synthesis of studies. Results: Of the 292 abstracts retrieved, 45 (15.4%) articles were selected for the final review. Inconsistencies were found in the definition of smoking behaviour which impeded generalisability. Individual-level factors had importance, but environmental level factors were also important in studying the aetiology of smoking. Results showed that studies inappropriately reported sample size estimation and important confounding factors. Hierarchical linear modelling, random effects modelling and structural equation modelling were employed in comparatively few studies. Conclusions: There were concerns regarding data analysis of complex surveys. Fifty five percent of reviewed studies ignored environmental effects which may have produced unreliable inferences. Multi-level analysis assisted in understanding school-level effects.

关键词： Adolescent Smoking Observational Studies School-Based Survey

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Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua zahid ahmad butt Bushra Mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices

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STARLIKENESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SINE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第4期44卷 1244-1270页

作者： Mohsan RAZA Hadiqa zahid Jinlin LIU Department of Mathematics Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Information Science Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China

Let q_(λ)(z)=1+λsinh(ζ),0<λ<1/sinh(1)be a non-vanishing analytic function in the open unit *** introduce a subclass S^(*)(q_(λ))of starlike functions which contains the functions f such that zf'/f is subordinated by q_(λ).We establish inclusion and radii results for the class S^(*)(q_(λ))for several known classes of starlike ***,we obtain sharp coefficient bounds and sharp Hankel determinants of order two for the class S^(*)(q_(λ)).We also find a sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant for the caseλ=1/2.

关键词： starlike functions sine hyperbolic functions radii problems coefficient bounds Hankel determinants

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Theory for Charge Density Wave and Orbital-Flux State in Antiferromagnetic Kagome Metal FeGe

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 90-104页

作者：马海洋殷嘉鑫 M.zahid Hasan 刘健鹏 School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen 518045China Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter and Advanced Spectroscopy(B7) Department of PhysicsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang 110167China

We theoretically study the charge order and orbital magnetic properties of a new type of antiferromagnetic kagome metal *** on first-principles density functional theory calculations,we study the electronic structures,Fermi-surface quantum fluctuations,as well as phonon properties of the antiferromagnetic kagome metal *** is found that charge density wave emerges in such a system due to a subtle cooperation between electron-electron interactions and electron–phonon couplings,which gives rise to an unusual scenario of interaction-triggered phonon instabilities,and eventually yields a charge density wave(CDW)*** further show that,in the CDW phase,the ground-state current density distribution exhibits an intriguing star-of-David pattern,leading to flux density *** orbital fluxes(or current loops)in this system emerge as a result of the subtle interplay between magnetism,lattice geometries,charge order,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which can be described by a simple,yet universal,tight-binding theory including a Kane-Mele-type SOC term and a magnetic exchange *** further study the origin of the peculiar step-edge states in FeGe,which sheds light on the topological properties and correlation effects in this new type of kagome antiferromagnetic material.

关键词： interaction phonon orbital

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Decoding bone-inspired and cell-instructive cues of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 21-44页

作者： zahid Hussain Shah Mehmood Xingzhu Liu Yuanshan Liu Guocheng Wang Renjun Pei School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)Hefei 230026PR China CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123PR China Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology(SIAT)Chinese Academy of ScienceShenzhen 518055PR China

Bone fractures are common occurrence in clinical settings,creating a high demand for effective repair ***,limited graft availability,donor site morbidities,unpredictable clinical outcomes,immunologic reactions,infection risks,and geometrical mismatching concerns hampered tissue graft use and underscored the need for scaffolds for more effective bone reconstructions due to their tunable *** progress has been carried out in past decade in the fields of nanoceramics synthesis,bioconjugate chemistry,and composite material *** review outlines hierarchical structures and biology of bone tissue,materialistic compo-nents of scaffolds(bioceramics,polymers,bioactive drugs),featured scaffolding strategies(nanofibers,hydrogels,aerogels,bioprinting,and fiber-reinforced composite),and emphasis that hierarchical and physiochemical char-acteristics of bone should be used as an inspiration for scaffold *** review discussed how differences in materiobiological aspects of scaffolds,such as polymer/bioceramic nanocomposite,mineralized nanocomposite,matrix-rich nanocomposite,3D microenvironmental cues,pore space cues,mechanical cues,usage of physical stimulation(magnetic,electroactive,and photoactivated cues),surface cues(wettability,roughness,textured,and surface charge),and biointerface cues(cell-biomaterial interactions,cell-selective homing,and cell regula-tory strategies)modulate cellular and biological response for bone tissue *** study further outlines the challenges and benefits of integrating materiobiological cues of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

关键词： Bone substitute Scaffolds Mineralization Materiobiology Bone tissue engineering

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Implications of electrode modifications in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 499-510,I0011页

作者： zahid Manzoor Bhat Mohammad Furquan Muhammad Aurang Zeb Gul Sial Umair Alam Atif Saeed Alzahrani Mohammad Qamar Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management(IRC-HTCM) King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems(IRC-SES) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries(RFBs)exhibit favorable characteristics,such as tunability,multielectron transfer capability,and stability of the redox active molecules utilized as anolytes and catholytes,making them very viable contenders for large-scale grid storage *** attention has been paid on the development of efficient redox-active molecules and their performance optimization through chemical substitutions at various places on the backbone as part of the pursuit for high-performance *** the fact that electrodes are vital to optimal performance,they have not garnered significant *** research has been conducted on the effects of electrode modifications to improve the performance of *** primary emphasis has been given on the impact of electrode engineering to augment the efficiency of aqueous organic *** overview of electron transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface is *** implications of electrode modification on the performance of redox flow batteries,with a particular focus on the anodic and cathodic half-cells separately,are then *** each section,significant discrepancies surrounding the effects of electrode engineering are thoroughly examined and ***,we have presented a comprehensive assessment along with our perspectives on the future trajectory.

关键词： Redox flow batteries Electrode modification Organic redox molecules Outer sphere and inner sphere

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Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Accurate Classification of Gastrointestinal Tract Syndromes

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1207-1225页

作者： zahid Farooq Khan Muhammad Ramzan Mudassar Raza Muhammad Attique Khan Khalid Iqbal Taerang Kim Jae-Hyuk Cha Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirut13-5053Lebanon Department of Computer Science HITEC UniversityTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusAttock43600Pakistan Department of Computer Science Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763Korea

Accurate detection and classification of artifacts within the gastrointestinal(GI)tract frames remain a significant challenge in medical image *** science combined with artificial intelligence is advancing to automate the diagnosis and treatment of numerous *** to this is the development of robust algorithms for image classification and detection,crucial in designing sophisticated systems for diagnosis and *** study makes a small contribution to endoscopic image *** proposed approach involves multiple operations,including extracting deep features from endoscopy images using pre-trained neural networks such as Darknet-53 and ***,feature optimization utilizes the binary dragonfly algorithm(BDA),with the fusion of the obtained feature *** fused feature set is input into the ensemble subspace k nearest neighbors(ESKNN)*** Kvasir-V2 benchmark dataset,and the COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Wah private dataset,featuring three classes of endoscopic stomach images were *** assessments considered various feature selection techniques,including genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),salp swarm algorithm(SSA),sine cosine algorithm(SCA),and grey wolf optimizer(GWO).The proposed model excels,achieving an overall classification accuracy of 98.25% on the Kvasir-V2 benchmark and 99.90% on the CUI Wah private *** approach holds promise for developing an automated computer-aided system for classifying GI tract syndromes through endoscopy images.

关键词： Feature fusion Darknet-53 Xception binary dragonfly algorithm ensemble

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