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Laboratory scale studi.s on removal of chromi.m from i.dustri.l wastes

Journal of Envi.onmental Sci.nces 2003年第3期15卷 417-422页

作者： M.A.Bai. Mohsi. Mi. Shazad Murtaza zafar i. bhatti i.sti.ute of Envi.onmental Sci.nce & Engi.eeri.g National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & Engineering Rawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Chromi.m bei.g one of the major toxi. pollutants i. di.charged from electroplati.g and chrome tanni.g processes and i. also found i. the effluents of dyes, pai.t pi.ments, manufacturi.g uni.s etc. Chromi.m exi.ts i. aqueous systems i. both tri.alent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+) forms. The hexavalent form i. carci.ogeni. and toxi. to aquati. li.e, whereas Cr 3+ i. however comparati.ely less toxi.. Thi. study was undertaken to i.vesti.ate the total chromi.m removal from i.dustri.l effluents by chemi.al means i. order to achi.ve the Paki.tan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reducti.n and preci.i.ati.n. The study was conducted i. four phases. i. phase Ⅰ, the opti.um pH and cost effecti.e reduci.g agent among the four popular commerci.l chemi.als was selected. As a result, pH of 2 was found to be most sui.able and sodi.m meta bi.ulfate was found to be the most cost effecti.e reduci.g agent respecti.ely. Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodi.m meta bi.ulfate was suffi.i.nt to obtai. 100 % effi.i.ncy i. reduci.g Cr 6+ to Cr 3+, and i. was noted that reacti.n ti.e had no si.ni.i.ance i. the whole process. A desi.n curve for reducti.n process was establi.hed whi.h can act as a tool for treatment of i.dustri.l effluents. Phase Ⅲ studi.s i.di.ated the best pH was 8.5 for preci.i.ati.n of Cr 3+ to chromi.m hydroxi.e by usi.g li.e. An effi.i.ncy of 100 % was achi.vable and a settli.g ti.e of 30 mi.utes produced clear effluent. Fi.ally i. Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanni.g and electroplati.g i.dustri.s, when preci.i.ated at pH of 12 gave 100 % effi.i.ncy at a settli.g ti.e of 30 mi.utes and confi.med that chemi.al means of reducti.n and preci.i.ati.n i. a feasi.le and vi.ble soluti.n for treati.g chromi.m wastes from i.dustri.s.

关键词： tannery waste effluents reducti.n preci.i.ati.n effi.i.ncy chromi.m

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Di.aster Ri.k Management and Role of Paki.tan’s Corporate Sector

Disaster Risk Management and Role of Pakistan’s Corporate S...

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2010 3rd i.EE i.ternati.nal Conference on Computer Sci.nce and i.formati.n Technology—i.CSi. 2010

作者： Syed Aami. Abbas Sahban zafar Ali.Nadeem Ehsan Ebti.am Mi.za Muhammad Wasi. bhatti Engi.eeri.g Management Department Center for Advanced Studi.s i. Engi.eeri.g i.lamabad Pakistan Department of Engi.eeri.g Management Centre for Advanced Studi.s i. Engi.eeri.g i.lamabad Pakistan

Di.asters, both natural and manmade, of colossal proporti.ns have conti.ued to beleaguer Paki.tan especi.lly over the last 3 decades. Response of the government agenci.s and that of the general communi.y has i.proved wi.h ti.e but sti.l can be best descri.ed as "reacti.e". i. the aftermath of the devastati.g 2005 earthquake corporate sector played i.s role as a key partner i. di.aster management. However, corporate sectors role has always been li.i.ed to contri.uti.ns i. the post di.aster management efforts. The corporate sector possesses huge resources- human, materi.l, techni.al and fi.anci.l - and has si.ni.i.ant presence i. every regi.n of the country. i. effecti.ely planned and encouraged the corporate sector can play a si.ni.i.ant role i. all the three phases i.e. Pre-di.aster, di.aster and post-di.aster. Thi. paper focuses on approaches executi.es can take to joi. forces wi.h the reli.f organi.ati.ns. A holi.ti. strategy has been devi.ed, that provi.es an effecti.e framework of cooperati.n between the corporate sector and di.aster management agenci.s for deali.g wi.h all the three di.aster management phases. The study consi.ts of di.cussi.ns wi.h the team leaders and members of di.aster management agenci.s along wi.h representati.es of the corporate sector who had been acti.ely i.volved i. coordi.ati.g reli.f acti.i.i.s. Three major areas of publi.-pri.ate cooperati.n and partnershi. deci.i.ns have been i.enti.i.d over the li.e cycle of di.aster management process i.e. awareness generati.n, di.aster preparedness and mi.i.ati.n planni.g for better di.aster management.

关键词： corporate sector di.aster management partnershi.s Paki.tan

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Ethnobotani.al Study of Medi.i.al Plants of Semi.Tri.al Area of Makerwal &Gulla Khel (Lyi.g between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Provi.ces), Paki.tan

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Ameri.an Journal of Plant Sci.nces 2013年第1期4卷 98-116页

作者： Ami. Shah Sarfaraz Khan Marwat Faryal Gohar Ameer Khan Khi.ar Hayat bhatti Muhammad Ami. Noor Ud Di. Mushtaq Ahmad Muhammad zafar Department of Bi.logi.al Sci.nces University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Botany Institute of Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Chemi.try University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Plant Sci.nces Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Uni.ersi.y Wensam College Gomal Uni.ersi.y Dera Imail Khan Pakistan

Thi. paper i. based on the results of an ethnomedi.i.al research work conducted i. the semi.tri.al mountai.ous area lyi.g between Di.tri.t Mi.nwali.(PunjabProvi.ce) and Di.tri.t Karak (KhyberPakhtunkhwaProvi.ce),Paki.tanduri.g June 2009-July 2011. Duri.g fi.ld survey, questi.nnai.es were used to i.tervi.w the local i.habi.ants of the area. The ethnomedi.i.al data consi.ts of 131 plant speci.s (2 Pteri.ophytes, 7 Monocots, 122 Di.ots) belongi.g to 48 fami.i.s (2 Pteri.ophytes, 4 Monocots, 42 Di.ots). The most commonly represented fami.i.s were Amaranthaceae (9 spp.), Mi.osaceae (8 spp.), Asteraceae and Papi.i.naceae (7 spp.) each;Solanaceae, Euphorbi.ceae and Scrophulari.ceae (6 spp.) each, followed by Boragi.aceae, Brassi.aceae, Lami.ceae and Polygonaceae (5 spp.) each. Plant speci.ens were i.enti.i.d, preserved and vouchers were deposi.ed i. the Plant Taxonomy Lab. of Department of Bi.logi.al Sci.nces,Uni.ersi.y of Sargodha,Paki.tanfor future reference. The data collected through i.tervi.ws wi.h the local people i.di.ates that these speci.s are mostly used i. respi.atory tract i.fecti.ns (RTi., uri.ary tract i.fecti.ns (UTi., di.esti.e di.orders, sexual problems, ski. di.eases, li.er ai.ments, wound heali.g, blood vomi.i.g, malari., pi.es, epi.epsy, jaundi.e, gummosi., round worms, hepati.i. etc. i. the area. Due to lack of sci.nti.i. approach regardi.g harvesti.g and uti.i.ati.n of thi. valuable medi.i.al flora, many plants are qui.kly goi.g towards exti.cti.n;therefore, further work i. needed to create awareness i. the communi.y conservati.n of the preci.us medi.i.al plants.

关键词： Ethnobotani.al Study Medi.i.al Plants Makerwal & Gulla Khel Paki.tan

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