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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第4期4卷 397-404页

作者： Bryanne N.Bellovary Andrew D.Wells zachary j.Fennel jonathan M.Houck Desmond j.Millender Kelsey C.Bourbeau Christine M.Mermier Department of Health Exerciseand Sports SciencesUniversity of New MexicoJohnson Center B143 MSC042610AlbuquerqueNM 87131-0001USA

Purpose The Elevation Training Mask(ETM)has been assessed for its impact on exercise performance using acute and training *** the ETM is widely available to consumers,little research exists for validation of the ETM mask ***,the purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during exercise for the ETM mask settings against moderate hypobaric *** Nine participants living at moderate altitude(1600-1650 m)rested(10 min)and cycled in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 2743 m(ALT),in hypobaric hypoxia simulating 1829 m with the ETM set to 914 m(ALT+ETM),and with the ETM set to 2743 m(ETM)in a randomized *** cycled for 20 min at 60%VO_(2max)as determined by a maximal exertion test(VO_(2max))at baseline *** consumption was measured throughout each *** There were no differences between conditions at *** measures ANOVA showed the ALT condition elicited significantly greater VO_(2) compared to the ETM condition and 60%VO_(2max)at baseline altitude(P<0.05).Conclusion When cycling at a matched workload,the exercising VO_(2) was higher in the ALT condition than at the ETM mask setting of 2743 m and exercising VO2 during the ETM condition was similar to 60%VO_(2max)at baseline *** results of this study indicate that the ETM did not produce additional metabolic stress compared to hypobaric hypoxia during steady-state exercise in moderate-altitude living individuals.

关键词： Intermittent hypoxia Training mask Acute cycling Altitude

Surgery for pancreatic cancer:recent progress and future directions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第3期10卷 376-378页

作者： zachary j.Brown jordan M.Cloyd Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly aggressive malignancy in which multimodality therapy is necessary to achieve good long-term *** recent seminar by Mizrahi et *** in The Lancet not only summarizes the fundamental knowledge of PDAC but also provides a concise overview of landmark studies that guide modern clinical practice(1).

关键词： Surgery al. adenocarcinoma

Altered serotonin metabolism in Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 knockout mice protects against diet-induced hepatic fibrosis

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Liver Research 2022年第4期6卷 214-226页

作者： jessica M.Ferrell Matthew Dilts zachary Stahl Shannon Boehme Sabita Pokhrel Xinwen Wang john Y.L.Chiang Department of Integrative Medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Background and aims:Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome can trigger the progression of fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis,which is a major public health *** acids regulate metabolic homeostasis and inflammation in the liver and gut via the activation of nuclear farnesoid X receptor(Fxr)and the membrane receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(Tgr5).Tgr5 is highly expressed in the gut and skeletal muscle,and in cholangiocytes and Kupffer cells of the ***5 is implicated in the mediation of liver and gut inflammation,as well as the maintenance of energy ***,we used a high fat,high fructose,and high sucrose(HFS)diet to determine how bile acid signaling through Tgr5 may regulate metabolism during the progression from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and *** and methods:Female C57BL/6j control wild type(WT)and Tgr5 knockout(Tgr5^(-/-))mice were fed HFS(high fat(40%kcal),high fructose,and 20%sucrose water)diet for 20 *** phe-notypes were characterized through examination of bile acid synthesis pathways,lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathways,and fibrosis and inflammation ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice were more glucose intolerant when fed HFS diet,despite gaining the same amount of weight as WT ***5^(-/-)mice accumulated significantly more hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides on HFS diet compared to WT mice,and gene expression of lipogenic genes was significantly *** cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7a1)gene expression was consistently elevated in Tgr5^(-/-)mice,while oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase(Cyp7b1),sterol 27-hydroxylase(Cyp27a1),Fxr,and small heterodimer partner(Shp)were downregulated by HFS ***,hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Tgr5^(-/-)mice fed HFS diet,which may be due to altered se-rotonin signaling in the ***:Tgr5^(-/-)mice may be protected from high fat,high sugar-

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Liver fibrosis Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Serotonin(5-HT) High fat,high fructose,and high sucrose (HFS)

Neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:Opportunities for personalized cancer care

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第27期27卷 4383-4394页

作者： Ahmad Hamad zachary j Brown Aslam M Ejaz Mary Dillhoff jordan M Cloyd Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43215United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is an aggressive malignancy that is best treated in a multidisciplinary fashion using surgery,chemotherapy,and *** chemotherapy has shown to have a significant survival benefit in patients with resected ***,up to 50%of patients fail to receive adjuvant chemotherapy due to postoperative complications,poor patient performance status or early disease *** order to ensure the delivery of chemotherapy,an alternative strategy is to administer systemic treatment prior to *** oncology refers to the application of diverse strategies to target therapies specific to characteristics of a patient’s *** traditionally emphasized in selecting targeted therapies based on molecular,genetic,and radiographic biomarkers for patients with metastatic disease,the neoadjuvant setting is a prime opportunity to utilize personalized *** this article,we describe the current evidence for the use of neoadjuvant therapy(NT)and highlight unique opportunities for personalized care in patients with PDAC undergoing NT.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Preoperative therapy FOLFIRINOX Precision oncology Patient-reported outcomes Personalized medicine Targeted therapy Whipple Pancreatectomy

Finishing Cattle in All-Natural and Conventional Production Systems

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 237-253页

作者： zachary K. smith Peter T. Anderson Bradley j. johnson Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Midwest PMS LLC Firestone CO USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

Beef cattle producers in the North America have a variety of production and marketing options and must choose the best production system for their situation. This review describes considerations involved in choosing between feeding cattle conventionally versus feeding them in programs that prohibit the use of certain technologies. Data from peer-reviewed journals, extension publications, nutritional consultants, governmental organizations, and feed companies were used to construct this review. Most cattle in North America are fed in conventional production systems. Conventional beef production systems typically use steroidal implants, ionophores, and beta-adrenergic agonists to improve animal productivity;as well as feed grade and injectable antimicrobials to control, treat or prevent disease and improve animal health. These technologies have been shown to lower the cost of production, allowing for beef to be competitive in the global protein market. Some consumers have expressed a preference for beef produced without these technologies. These “All-natural” (AN) cattle may bring a premium price in the market. The economic impact of differing productions systems can be described in relation to 1) cost of production, 2) operating costs of the feedlot, 3) price paid for feeder calves, and 4) price received for fed cattle. Conventional production provides the most favorable outcome for factors 1, 2, and 3, while AN production provides the most favorable outcome for item 4. There are also industry wide and societal aspects related to differing beef production systems related to health and safety of beef, land use, and cost of production allowing for a greater share of the global protein market. Technologies used in conventional production are critical tools to North American beef production. Differences in efficiencies between each type of non-conventional production systems must be re-captured in added premiums when cattle are marketed and sold. Premiums for AN cattle a

关键词： All-Natural Beef Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Conventional Ionophore

iStent inject trabecular microbypass stent implantation with cataract extraction in open-angle glaucoma:early clinical experience

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Eye and Vision 2020年第3期7卷 266-274页

作者： Tanner j.Ferguson zachary Dockter Adam Bleeker Kayla L.Karpuk justin Schweitzer Mitch j.Ibach john P.Berdahl Cole Eye Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux FallsSDUSA Cleveland Eye Clinic ClevelandOHUSA Vance Thompson Vision Sioux FallsSDUSA

Background:Retrospective,consecutive case series to evaluate the implantation of two second-generation trabecular microbypass stents in combination with cataract surgery in a real-world,clinical ***:The series included 56 eyes implanted with the iStent inject device with *** series consisted of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma(n=52)and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(n=4).Primary outcome measures included intraocular pressure(IOP)and number of glaucoma *** outcomes included the need for secondary surgical intervention and the incidence of IOP spikes≥10 mmHg and≥15 ***:IOP was reduced by 21%to 14.7±2.9 mmHg(pject device with concomitant cataract surgery effectively provides a sustained reduction in IOP with a markedly improved medication burden out to 6 months *** safety profile is excellent.

关键词： Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery MIGS Trabecular microbypass stent Open-angle glaucoma

Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self-administered testing

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第3期8卷 249-256页

作者： Austin C.Cao zachary M.Nimmo Natasha Mirza Noam A.Cohen Robert M.Brody Richard L.Doty Perelman School of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Corporal Michael j.Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA Monell Chemical Senses Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Background: Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID-19 patients suggests that self-reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory ***: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID-19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at-home objective smell and taste testing in an at-risk population of healthcare ***: Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self-administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one-month follow-up surveys were ***: Among subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self-reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID-19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (jects. There was a time-dependent increase in smell scores but not in taste scores among subjects with prior infection and chemosensory symptoms. The overall infection rate was 4.4%, with 2.5% reported by PCR ***: Healthcare workers with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection had reduced olfaction and normal gustation on self-administered objective testing compared to those without infection. Rates of infection and chemosensory symptoms in our cohort of healthcare workers reflect those of the general public.

关键词： Anosmia Brief Smell Identification Test Chemosensory dysfunction COVID-19 Dysgeusia Gustation Healthcare workers Objective testing Olfaction Screening University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

Effect of heat treatment conditions on the passivation behavior of WE43CMg-Y-Nd alloy in chloride containing alkaline environments

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第2期5卷 147-165页

作者： jakraphan Ninlachart zachary Karmiol Dev Chidambaram Krishnan SRaja Chemical and Materials Engineering University of IdahoMoscowID 83844-1021USA Chemical and Materials Engineering University of NevadaRenoNV 89557-0388USA

Mg–Y–Nd alloy(WE43C or Elektron 43)is a heat treatable magnesium wrought alloy that can be used up to 250 ℃ for aerospace *** alloy has excellent mechanical properties(UTS:up to 345 MPa at room temperature)and improved corrosion *** passivation studies were conducted on this alloy under different heat treatment conditions in 0.1 M NaOH solution with the addition of chloride from 0 to 1000 *** passive potential range typically extended to more than 1.5 VAg/*** transpassive potential was not dependent on the heat treatment condition of the alloy when the chloride concentration increased up to 500 ***,pitting protection potential varied with the heat treatment condition when the chloride addition was 500 ppm or *** specimen surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Raman spectroscopy to understand the passivation behavior of this *** passivated surface of the WE43C specimens indicated that the surface layer consisted of MgO,Mg(OH)_(2),and rare earth oxide phases,and the heat treatment conditions did not significantly affect the composition of the surface film.

关键词： Elektron 43 Magnesium alloy Corrosion Passivation Chloride

Body Weight and Steroidal Implants Impact Animal Growth Performance, Sera Metabolites, and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Feedlot Cattle

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 414-430页

作者： Tyler A. Vogel joseph M. Neary zachary K. smith Bradley j. johnson Department of Animal and Food Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA

The study objective was to evaluate steer growth performance, sera metabolite responses, carcass characteristics, and pulmonary arterial pressure as affected by body weight at time of implantation and steroidal implant administration. Crossbred steers (n = 20) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design experiment, Factors included: body weight: light (L), or heavy (H) and implant: Non-implanted (NoIMP), or Implanted (IMP) with steer serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Initial weights for L and H steers were 398 ± 27.6 and 547 ± 25.2 kg, respectively. Implanted steers received a terminal implant (200 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg estradiol-17β;Revalor-200;Merck Animal Health, Madison, Nj) on d 0. Cattle within treatments were group housed in common pens (n = 5 steers/pen). Bodyweight, blood samples, and pulmonary arterial pressure were collected on d 0, 14, 35, 70 and 104. Cattle were fed a common diet once daily to provide ad libitum access to feed. The finishing diet contained (DM basis) 13.3% CP, 2.13 Mcal/kg NEm, and 1.45 Mcal/kg NEg. Growth performance (body weight and ADG) and carcass traits were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sera metabolites were analyzed as repeated measures over time, with day as the repeated measure. For all analyses, α level 0.05) in ADG were observed in NoIMP vs. IMP cattle beyond d 70 (1.21 vs. 1.01 ± 0.16 kg;P = 0.38). Sera urea-N concentrations were decreased (P jected to IMP during the study and tended to increase over time for the other treatments. Ribfat, HCW,

关键词： Cattle Estradiol Pulmonary Pressure Trenbolone

Alteration in immune function in patients with fatty liver disease

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 363-375页

作者： Stephanie N.Gregory Shruthi R.Perati zachary j.Brown Department of Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease spectrum that spans simple steatosis,fibrosis,and ultimately cirrhosis,and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease *** severe variant of NAFLD,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),is characterized by triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes and the subsequent inflammatory pathway activation,ultimately progressing to cirrhosis in 10%-20%of *** is a known major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and there is emerging data demonstrating the impact of NASH on immune subsets and the tumor microenvironment that may influence therapeutic *** review describes the various ways in which the immune system is altered in patients with *** innate immune system in NASH shows alterations in dendritic and Kupffer cells,impaired cytotoxicity of Natural Killer cells,and an accumulation of ***,there is emerging evidence emphasizing the role of the adaptive immune system in the development and progression of NASH,seen in the alteration of B-cells,T-cells,and NKT *** to the complex interplay of the immune system in NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC,many current treatments focus on targeting immune cells for HCC ***,immune checkpoint inhibitors such as atezolizumab and bevacizumab have been approved as first-line therapy for unresectable *** an emerging field of research,further studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the complex interface of NASH,HCC and the immune response.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease steatohepatitis immunology hepatocellular carcinoma