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Repair of traumatic plasmalemmal damage to neurons and other eukaryotic cells

Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1033-1042页

作者： George d.Bittner Christopher S.Spaeth Andrew d.Poon zachary S.Burgess Christopher H.Mc Gill department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at Austin

The repair（sealing） of plasmalemmal damage,consisting of small holes to complete transections,is critical for cell survival,especially for neurons that rarely regenerate cell *** first describe and evaluate different measures of cell *** measures,including morphological/ultra-structural observations,membrane potential,and input resistance,provide very ambiguous assessments of plasmalemmal *** contrast,measures of ionic current flow and dye barriers can,if appropriately used,provide more accurate *** describe the effects of various substances（calcium,calpains,cytoskeletal proteins,ESCRT proteins,m UNC-13,NSF,PEG） and biochemical pathways（PKA,PKC,PLC,Epac,cytosolic oxidation） on plasmalemmal sealing probability,and suggest that substances,pathways,and cellular events associated with plasmalemmal sealing have undergone a very conservative *** sealing,calcium ion influx mobilizes vesicles and other membranous structures（lysosomes,mitochondria,etc.） in a continuous fashion to form a vesicular plug that gradually restricts diffusion of increasingly smaller molecules and ions over a period of seconds to ***,we find no direct evidence that sealing occurs through the collapse and fusion of severed plasmalemmal leaflets,or in a single step involving the fusion of one large wound vesicle with the nearby,undamaged *** describe how increases in perikaryal calcium levels following axonal transection account for observations that cell body survival decreases the closer an axon is transected to the ***,we speculate on relationships between plasmalemmal sealing,Wallerian degeneration,and the ability of polyethylene glycol（PEG） to seal cell membranes and rejoin severed axonal ends – an important consideration for the future treatment of trauma to peripheral nerves.A better knowledge of biochemical pathways and cytoplasmic structures involved in plasmalemmal sealing might provide insights to develo

关键词： sealing traumatic eukaryotic vesicles axonal membranous closer biochemical vesicular muscular

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Navigating the genomic instability mine field of osteosarcoma to better understand implications of non-coding RNAs

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BIOCELL 2022年第10期46卷 2177-2193页

作者： KANIZ FATEMA zachary LARSON JAREd BARROTT Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science Idaho State UniversityPocatello83209USA

Osteosarcoma is one of the most genomically complex cancers and as result,it has been difficult to assign genomic aberrations that contribute to disease progression and patient outcome consistently across *** potential source for correlating osteosarcoma and genomic biomarkers is within the non-coding regions of RNA that are differentially ***,it is unsurprising that a cancer classification that is fraught with genomic instability is likely to have numerous studies correlating non-coding RNA expression and function have been published on the *** review undertakes the formidable task of evaluating the published literature of noncoding RNAs in *** is not the first review on this topic and will certainly not be the *** review is organized with an introduction into osteosarcoma and the epigenetic control of gene expression before reviewing the molecular function and expression of long non-coding RNAs,circular RNAs,and short non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs,piwi RNAs,and short-interfering *** review concludes with a review of the literature and how the biology of non-coding RNAs can be used therapeutically to treat cancers,especially *** conclude that non-coding RNA expression and function in osteosarcoma is equally complex to understanding the expression differences and function of coding RNA and proteins;however,with the added lens of both coding and non-coding genomic sequence,researchers can begin to identify the patterns that consistently associate with aggressive osteosarcoma.

关键词： Osteosarcoma Epigenetics Long non-coding RNA Circular RNA MicroRNA

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Update in the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic disease

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第1期5卷 59-64页

作者： zachary R Barnard Michael J Alexander Neurosurgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

This review highlights the recent evolution of the imaging,medical management,surgical options and endovascular therapies for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease(ICAd).Recent imaging developments including optical coherence tomography and other modalities to assess the intracranial arteries for symptomatic ICAd are reviewed,not only to diagnose ICAd but to determine if ICAd plaques have any high-risk features for *** future developments in the treatment of ICAd are discussed,including the development of trackable drug-coated balloons for the cerebral circulation to treat primary or restenotic arteries,new iterations of self-expanding intracranial stents with easier delivery systems,and the re-examination of indirect surgical bypass techniques for *** addition to these important technological developments,however,is the evolving evidence regarding the best treatment window for these techniques and additional factors in medical management which can improve patient outcomes in this devastating pathology.

关键词： intracranial balloon arteries

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Quark nova model for fast radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第5期16卷 87-98页

作者： zachary Shand Amir Ouyed Nico Koning Rachid Ouyed department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary

Fast radio bursts （FRBs） are puzzling, millisecond, energetic radio transients with no discernible source; observations show no counterparts in other frequency bands. The birth of a quark star from a parent neutron star experiencing a quark nova - previously thought undetectable when born in isolation - provides a natural explanation for the emission characteristics of FRBs. The generation of unstable r-process elements in the quark nova ejecta provides millisecond exponential injection of electrons into the surrounding strong magnetic field at the parent neutron star＇s light cylinder via β-decay. This radio synchrotron emission has a total duration of hundreds of milliseconds and matches the observed spectrum while reducing the inferred dispersion measure by approximately 200 cm-3 pc. The model allows indirect measurement of neutron star magnetic fields and periods in addition to providing astronomical measurements of β-decay chains of unstable neutron rich nuclei. Using this model, we can calculate expected FRB average energies （- 1041 erg） and spectral shapes, and provide a theoretical framework for determining distances.

关键词： stars: neutron -- nuclear reactions nucleosynthesis abundances -- radiation mechanisms:general -- radio continuum: general

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Evolutionary diversity as a catalyst for biological discovery

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 616-633页

作者： zachary V.JOHNSON Larry J.YOUNG School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Center for Translational Social Neuroscience Silvio O.Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social CognitionDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesYerkes National Primate Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

The tremendous diversity of animal behaviors has inspired generations of scientists from an array of biological *** complement investigations of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to behavioral evolution,modern sequencing,gene editing,computational and neuroscience tools now provide a means to discover the proximate mechanisms upon which natural selection acts to generate behavioral *** behaviors are motivated behaviors that can differ tremendously between closely related species,suggesting phylogenetic plasticity in their underlying biological *** addition,convergent evolution has repeatedly given rise to similar forms of social behavior and mating systems in distantly related *** behavioral divergence and convergence provides an entry point for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms contributing to behavioral *** argue that the greatest strides in discovering mechanisms contributing to social behavioral diversity will be achieved through integration of interdisciplinary comparative approaches with modern tools in diverse species *** review recent advances and future potential for discovering mechanisms underlying social behavioral variation;highlighting patterns of social behavioral evolution,oxytocin and vasopressin neuropeptide systems,genetic/transcriptional“toolkits,”modern experimental tools,and alternative species systems,with particular emphasis on Microtine rodents and Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.

关键词： cichlids oxytocin and vasopressin social behavior toolkits voles

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The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： zachary C.Janatpour Aviva J.Symes department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of death and disability *** assessments estimate that over 27 million cases of TBI occur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBd 2016 dementia Collaborators,2019).Over 30 clinical trials have failed to show efficacy in TBI,and patients are currently left without any promising therapeutic options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is commonly divided into primary and secondary *** injury refers to the parenchymal damage that occurs as an immediate consequence of acute kinetic energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Secondary injury encompasses the deleterious molecular and cellular responses that occur in response to the primary injury in the minutes,hours or days *** search for therapeutics that mitigate the effects of the secondary injury and/or assist endogenous repair processes remains a large focus of TBI research(Umschweif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;Janatpour et al.,2019).

关键词： injuries endogenous injury

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A little goes a long way: CLE peptides mediate phloem initiation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第10期61卷 1034-1035页

作者： Amala John zachary L.Nimchuk department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The root system of a tree can often extend many-fold the diameter of the tree;it provides physical support, dissolved minerals and water but relies on a constant supply of nutrients from photosynthetically active tissues in aboveground organs. The phloem is re-sponsible for such transport and the success of a plant relies heavily on the integrity of the phloem in its root system.

关键词： CLE peptides mediate initiation

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Scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 4955-4984页

作者： Carolina A. Ferreira dalong Ni zachary T. Rosenkrans Weibo Cai department of Radiology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison W153705 USA

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （RONS） are essential for normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. However, excess radical species are implicated in the development and augmented pathogenesis of various diseases. Several antioxidants may restore the chemical balance, but their use is limited by disappointing results of clinical trials. Nanoparticles are an attractive therapeutic alternative because they can change the biodistribution profile of antioxidants, and possess intrinsic ability to scavenge RONS. Herein, we review the types of RONS, how they are implicated in several diseases, and the types of nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant capability, their mechanisms of action, and their biological applications.

关键词： mnanomaterials reactive oxygen species(ROS) reactive nitrogen species ROS scavenging antioxidant nanoparticles

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PVC Formulation of Anastrepha suspensa Pheromones Suitable for Field Studies

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Engineering 2021年第11期7卷 1646-1650页

作者： daniel Kuzmich zachary A.Kawagoe Spencer S.Walse San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureParlierCA 93648USA Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Tephritid flies threaten the production of fruits around the *** the Americas,populations of the genus Anastrepha are monitored with trapping networks as part of pest management ***,we report the formulation of male Anastrepha suspensa(Loew)pheromones,(±)-anastrephin and(±)-epianastrephin,into a poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)polymer-based lure ready for trap *** PVC polymer disks(100 mg)contain 10%by weight of(±)-epianastrephin and(±)-anastrephin in a naturally occurring 7:3 diastereomeric ratio,*** of the pheromones from the disks into an airstream was evaluated as a function of the abiotic environmental parameters,absolute humidity and *** data supports a diffusion-controlled mechanism of release from the matrix with first-order rate constants that decreased about ten-fold as the temperature was lowered from 30 to 15*** such,the emission of volatile pheromones from the disks is suitable to last for several weeks in the *** kinetic approach,which can be easily extended to the diffusion-controlled release of other attractants from polymeric matrices,yields laboratory predictions of the potential for environmental loss prior to conducting field bioassays.

关键词： Anastrepha Anastrephin Epianastrephin PVC lure Controlled release

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Old vs new: Risk factors predicting early onset colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 1011-1020页

作者： Aslam R Syed Payal Thakkar zachary d Horne Heitham Abdul-Baki Gursimran Kochhar Katie Farah Shyam Thakkar division of Gastroenterology Allegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15212United States Allegheny Singer Research Institute Allegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15212United States division of Radiation Oncology Allegheny Health Network Cancer InstitutePittsburghPA 15212United States

BACKGROUNd Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and *** the incidence has been decreasing for individuals’≥50,it has been on the rise for individualsdentify potential risk factors for early-onset *** A population-based cohort analysis using a national database,Explorys,screened all patients with an active electronic medical record from January 2012 to december 2016 with a diagnosis of *** were stratified based on age(25–49 years vs≥50 years).demographics,comorbidities,and symptom profiles were recorded and compared between both age ***,the younger group was also compared with a control group consisting of individuals aged 25-49 years within the same timeframe without a diagnosis of *** points for CRC related factors were analyzed to identify potential risk factors specific to early-onset *** A total of 68860 patients were identified with CRC,of which 5710(8.3%)were younger than 50 years old,with 4140(73%)between 40-49 years of *** analysis was reported using odds ratio(OR)with 95%CI and demonstrated that several factors were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the early-onset group versus the later-onset *** factors included:African-American race(OR 1.18,95%CI:1.09-1.27,Pdominal pain(OR 1.82,95%CI:1.72-1.92,Pd bowel function(OR 1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P=0.0005),having a family history of any cancer(OR 1.78,95%CI:1.67-1.90,Pd obesity(OR 1.14,95%CI:1.08-1.20,Pd with an increased risk of CRC were:male gender(OR 1.34,95%CI:1.27-1.41),Pd African-American race(OR 1

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early-onset colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer screening Epidemiology analysis Colorectal neoplasm Average-risk screening

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