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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Urine and Pleural Fluid in Two Hospitals of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 39-49页

作者： Cécile Ingrid Djuikoue Farid Wega Grace Yemina Kombeu Cedric Seugnou Nana Christiane Possi Kiyang Lussabella Pohoko Medzam Erica Megane Noubissi Makougoum Nellie Mbianga Nkuigoua Herman Koyouo Tagne Mérimé Joël Tchinda Talokou yvonne valérie yolande mavoungou Ashu Michel Agbor Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée Douala Cameroon Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St Martin de Porres Yaoundé Cameroun Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium rank among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infections. They often persist on hospital surfaces due to their ability to withstand adverse environmental conditions (low or high temperatures, high pH, and high salinity). The global Enterococcus faecalis-Enterococcus faecium ratio is currently shifting towards Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci present variable levels of resistance to certain families of antibiotics. This is the case for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and cephalosporins. In 2017, WHO ranked Enterococci among priority pathogens for research and development of new antibiotics. The objective of our study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from urine and pleural fluid in two hospitals in Cameroon. This cross-sectional and analytic study was carried out between June to August 2023 on hospitalized and day patients in which a cytobacteriological test of urine and pleural fluid was done. The samples were inoculated on CLED Agar for urine and on Chocolate + polyvitex and blood agar (prepared from Columbia agar) for pleural fluid samples and incubated at 37℃ for 18 to 24 hours. Identification of isolates was carried out using the API 20 STREP micro gallery (Biomerieux, France) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The data on socio-demographical and potential risk factors were recorded using self-administered questionnaires and data from laboratory analyses of the specimen were collected in a data capture sheet. Potential risk factors associated with the presence of Enterococci, were evaluated using the logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. A total of 511 patients were recruited who were predominantly females. Enterococcus spp were isolated in 27.79% of our samples with Enterococcus faecalis mostly encountered. Enterococcus spp showed a high

关键词： Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium Healthcare-Associated Infections Antimicrobial Resistance Cameroon

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Governance in the exploration of global and regional determinants of ICT development

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第2期8卷 132-153页

作者： Charles S.Saba Simplice A.Asongu Nicholas Ngepah yolande E.Ngoungou School of Economics College of Business and EconomicsUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Econornic&Data Science New Uzbekistan University54 Mustaili AvenueTashkent100007Uzbekistan University of Yaounde 2 SoaCameroon

The present study assesses how governance affects information and communication technology(IcT)at the global level contingent on macroeconomic policy factors such as trade,foreign direct investment(FDI),manufacturing value added,and agricultural value *** study focuses on 183 countries from 2003 to 2021,and the empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments(GMM).The following main findings are *** the full sample,governance unconditionally promotes ICT development,while trade openness(industrial added value)moderates governance to promote(dampen)ICT *** sub-Saharan Africa,only trade openness effectively moderates governance to induce an overall positive effect on ICT,while in the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region,all policy variables moderate governance for an overall positive incidence on ICT sector *** findings for the MENA region are confirmed in the Europe and Central Asia(ECA)region,with the exception of the moderating role of industrial added value,which engenders an overall negative *** the East and South Asia and the Pacific(ESAP)countries,one overall positive incidence is apparent in the role of trade openness,while net negative effects are established from the moderating roles of industrial added value and agricultural added *** the American sub-sample,a positive(negative)net effect is apparent from the role of industrial added value(trade)in moderating the incidence of gover-nance on ICT sector ***,policy implications are discussed.

关键词： ICT Governance Trade FDI Industry Agriculture

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Knowledge and Practices of Pregnant Women on Malaria Prevention in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第5期12卷 85-95页

作者： yvonne valerie yolande mavoungou Ange Clauvel Niama Rubenne Celina Koussiemi Nombo Gloria mavoungou Voumbo Gilbert Ndziessi Clautaire Itoua Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Hospital and University Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Since the deployment of preventive measures against malaria in pregnant women in Congo, the coverage rates in Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) remain low compared to the objectives set by WHO. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and practices of pregnant women in the prevention of malaria in Brazzaville. Population and Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from September 15th to October 30th, 2021. The sample consisted of pregnant women who performed at least three antenatal care consultations one month apart each;obtained from a two-stage random sample. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with Epi-Info version 7.2.6 software. The odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the associations between the variables. Results: A total of 331 pregnant women were selected. The mean age was 27 years (22;31). Most women were single (82.8%), multiparous (63.4%) and 74.9% had secondary level education. The level of knowledge was insufficient in 53.8% of respondents;nearly 64.7% had good preventive practices. Pregnant women with no education are 8 times more likely to have insufficient knowledge of malaria prevention (OR = 8.33 [2.02 - 34.17];p = 0.0036). Also, those whose gestational age is between 22 - 27 weeks are 2.54 times more likely to have insufficient knowledge than those with gestational age of 36 weeks and above (OR = 2.54 [1.33 - 4.46], p = 0.0071). Conclusion: It is important to strengthen the awareness in order to bring pregnant women to improve their knowledge of malaria prevention and change their behavior.

关键词： Malaria Pregnancy Prevention Brazzaville

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Parent-Reported Reasons for Loss-to-Follow Up in Patients Hospitalized at the Neonatology Unit at Laquintinie

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 686-699页

作者： Eposse Ekoube Charlotte Puepi Djike yolande Hassanatou Iyawa Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar Epée Patricia Mbonjo Bitsie Dora Kedy Mangamba Koum Daniele-Christiane Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Paediatric Unit Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Introduction: Despite the known benefits of newborn follow-up clinics, attendance has historically been difficult. Infants with reported follow-up difficulty have a greater incidence of severe sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and poorer access to early intervention programs. Our objective was to determine the parent-reported reasons for loss-to-follow up in patients hospitalised at the neonatology unit of Laquintinie Hospital. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study through phone interviews with parents/caregivers of patients hospitalised at Laquintinie over a 2-year period from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2022. A non-standardised structured interview guide was used for data collection. Loss-to-follow up referred to absence to at least one visit as recorded in the neonatal follow-up chart. All necessary administrative and ethical considerations were duly respected. Results: Most neonates were born through vaginal delivery (n = 313, 69.45%). The neonates were admitted at a median gestational age of 33 weeks (Q1-Q3;32 - 35) and the median duration of hospitalisation was 12 days (Q1 - Q3;8 - 18). A total of 23 neonates had died at the time of interview giving a mortality rate of 5.1%. The three most reported reasons for loss-to-follow-up was lack of money (n = 310, 68.13%), assumption that follow-up had ended (n = 37, 8.13%), and newborn that died (n = 23, 5.1%). Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of financial constraints and absence of a robust follow-up system on poor uptake of neonatal follow-up post-discharge in resource limited settings like Cameroon. Our results serve as advocacy for national health insurance especially in neonates.

关键词： Loss-to-Follow Up Cameroon Neonates

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Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame Selangai Hélène Kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Fernando Kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya yolande Feudjo Ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon

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Co-Morbidities Associated with Prematurity in Two Referral Hospitals in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 738-753页

作者： Diomede Noukeu Njinkui Dominique Enyama yolande Djike Fokam Cyrelle O. Mefotse Saha Beatrice Moudze Kaptue Charlotte Eposse Koube Annick A. Tchouamo Sime Christophe Akazong Adjahoung Marthe E. Barla Edgar Mandeng Ma Linwa Seraphin Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Mountains Bangangte Cameroon Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal death in Africa. More than a million children die each year due to co-morbidities related to prematurity. In addition to being one of the causes of neonatal deaths, the health problems associated with prematurity can also lead to severe lifelong impairment in those who survive. Objectives: This paper aims to determine the epidemiology and identify co-morbidities of prematurity in the neonatology units of the Douala General Hospital (DGH) and the Laquintinie Hospital of Douala (LHD). Patients and Methodology: We conducted an analytical retrospective cohort study from January 2015 to January 2018 in the neonatology department of the GDH and the LHD, which are considered reference hospitals for the management of preterm babies in Cameroon. We included all newborns aged less than 37 weeks admitted to the neonatology units of the GDH and the LHD. The descriptive component was based on the analysis of quantitative variables using measures of central tendency. The analytical component was evaluated using Spearman correlations and the Chi-square and Fisher tests. Simple and multiple logistic regressions measured factors predictive of mortality. The Kaplan Meier survival curve used the Log Rank test and significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: We recorded 908 preterm newborns in neonatal service and 1,124 preterm deliveries in maternity, representing an incidence of 32.5% in neonatal unit and 10.6% in maternity. 51% of whom were girls, given a sex ratio M/F of 0.9. Hypertension was the main prenatal pathology (9.1%), while premature rupture of membranes: PROM (35.5%) and eclampsia/pre-eclampsia (18.6%) were the most common obstetrical pathologies. 75.9% of deliveries were vaginal with 65.2% being performed in our referral hospitals. Gestational age ranged from 22 to 36 weeks, with a mean of 32.4 weeks. Late preterm birth rate was 53.7%, and birth weight varied between 590 and 3200 g with an average of 1747 ± 479 g. The per

关键词： Epidemiology Co-Morbidities Prematurity Douala

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Pregnancy Preferences in Females of Reproductive Age with Sickle Cell Disease at Laquintinie Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 744-757页

作者： Eposse Ekoube Charlotte Jeannette Disso Massako Mangala Fulbert Nkwele Mandeng Ma Linwa Edgar Puepi Djike yolande Merlin Boten Bounyom Erero F. Njiengwe Épée Patricia Hassanatou Iyawa Dora Mbonjo Bitsie Emmanuel Heles Nsang Soumaiyatou Abba Ngo Linwa Esther Eleonore Ndolo Kondo Astrid Grâce Tocki Toutou Moustapha Bilkissou Essome Henri Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Paediatric Unit Douala Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Introduction: Females with sickle cell disease (SCD), despite having a delayed pubertal development, are subject to many worries relating to their abilities to conceive, their capacity to maintain a maternofetal-risk-free pregnancy till term and give birth to healthy children without sickle cell disease. Knowing that unplanned pregnancies are more likely to increase maternofetal morbidity and mortality, we sought out to explore the pregnancy preferences in female patients with sickle cell disease to promote healthy conception and childbirth in this vulnerable population. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving female patients of child-bearing age with sickle cell disease followed at Laquintinie Hospital Douala or who were members of a local sickle cell association. Pregnancy preferences were determined using the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy (DAP) scale. Factors associated with pregnancy preferences were determined using multivariable linear regression model. Threshold for significance was set at p Results: Seventy-seven patients were included with a mean age of 24.71 ± 5.53 years. Forty patients (51.95%) had one sexual partner and thirteen women (32.5%) used contraceptive methods. Most patients (46.0%) responded “Strongly Agree” or “Agree” to the statement “it would be a good thing for me if I became pregnant in the next 3 months”. The mean DAP score was 1.63 ± 0.91 [1.28 ± 0.82 in those who had a sexual partner and 1.99 ± 0.86 in those who had no sexual partner]. Factors that were positively associated with DAP score were students (b = 0.32, 95% CI [0.21, 0.95], p = 0.003), monthly income ≥ 100,000 FCFA (b = 0.24, 95% CI [0.07, 0.81], p = 0.022), and not having a sexual partner (b = 0.26, 95% CI [0.11, 0.85], p = 0.012). Conclusion: Most female patients with SCD have a low desire to avoid pregnancy. This is especially true for patients who are not students, have a partner and have a low monthly income.

关键词： Pregnancy Preferences Sickle Cell Disease Laquintinie Hospital Cameroun

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Immunoglobulin G4 associated autoimmune cholangitis and pancreatitis following the administration of nivolumab:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第20期10卷 7124-7129页

作者： Rohit Agrawal Grace Guzman Saman Karimi Pier Cristoforo Giulianotti Alfredo Jose Mena Lora Shikha Jain Meshaal Khan Brian R Boulay yolande Chen Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607United States Department of Pathology University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607United States Department of Surgery University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607United States Department of Infectious Disease University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607United States Department of Hematology and Oncology University of IllinoisChicagoIL 60607United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences SystemChicagoIL 60612United States

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved survivals for an increasing range of malignancies but at the cost of several immune-related adverse events,the management of which can be challenging due to its mimicry of other autoimmune related disorders such as immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)related disease when the pancreaticobiliary system is ***,an IgG4 monoclonal antibody,has been associated with cholangitis and pancreatitis,however its association with IgG4 related disease has not been reported to *** SUMMARY We present a case of immune-related pancreatitis and cholangiopathy in a patient who completed treatment with nivolumab for anal squamous cell *** IgG4 levels was normal on *** responded to steroids but due to concerns for malignant biliary stricture,she opted for surgery,the pathology of which suggested IgG4 related *** We hypothesize this case of IgG4 related cholangitis and pancreatitis was likely triggered by nivolumab.

关键词： Nivolumab Immunoglobulin G4 related disease Cholangitis Biliary stricture Pancreatitis Case report

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Current status of assessment of fractional flow reserve

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第6期122卷 725-731页

作者： FANG Yi-min Grisana Grootenhuijs-Triyasut Pieter A. Doevendans yolande Appelman Department of Cardiology Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University Yantai Shandong 264000 China Radi Medical Systems BV Eindhoven The Netherlands epartmentof Cardiology Utrecht University Hospital Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Cardiology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands

Coronary angiography presently remains the main method tor the diagnosis and instruction of epicardial coronary disease. However, precise characterization of the significance for any given stenosis is limited by the inability to identify intermediate coronary lesions responsible for ischemia. In clinical practice, in addition to the assessment of the anatomical details of vessel narrowing, a more impediment to coronary precise assessment of the blood flow has become extremely important. At present, several physiological parameters have been introduced to improve discrimination in functional coronary lesion severity during cardiac catheterization. Of these parameters, myocardial fractional flow reserve （FFR） has been the most frequently used and is being increasingly applied to assess the functional significance of intermediate lesions. FFR can provide important information, both for decision making in diagnostic angiography and for monitoring and evaluating coronary interventions.

关键词： coronary angiography fractional flow reserve stent adenosine

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Cervical Spondylodiscitis Revealed by Tracheostomy Infected: A Rare Case Report Management and Outcome

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第1期13卷 18-24页

作者： José Dimbimakoso Djimrabeye Alngar Moune Michèle yolande Mustapha Hamama Nizaireel Fatemi Rachid El Maaquil Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Université Mohamed V Rabat Morocco Department of Neurosurgery CHU ibnSina Rabat Morocco

Background: Spondylodiscitis is a spinal infection rare affecting primarily the intervertebral disk and the adjacent vertebral bodies. His diagnosis is difficult and often delayed or missed due to the rarity of the disease. Cervical spondylodiscitis has quite rare findings regarding the common location of spinal abscesses in the lumbar and thoracic regions. To obtain the best patient outcomes, these spinal infections require prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Case description: A 44-year-old boy was admitted to the neurosurgery department of our hospital for heaviness in 4 limbs without gait disorders in context infected tracheostomy after staying in intensive care. MRI spine showed a spine deformity with lyse C4C5 epiduritis and spinal cord compressed. Antibiotics intravenous were started for 1 month the patient benefited from a corpectomy with an iliac graft and anterior cervical plate. The anatomopathological examination revealed an inflammation not specific. He was therefore put on antibiotics for 6 weeks. Three months later the neck pain and limb pain resolved after treatment and a complete return of lower extremity strength. Conclusion: Cervical spondylodiscitis has increased and become more aggressive. While radical surgical debridement, stable reconstruction together with antibiotic therapy remained a reliable approach to achieve complete healing of the inflammation, anterior alone surgery became more applicable.

关键词： Cervical Spondylodiscitis Spinal Tracheostomy Infection

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