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Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第3期16卷 243-248页

作者： WU Jinkui DING Yongjian WANG Genxu SHEN Yongping yusuke yamazaki Jumpei KUBOTA Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100041 China Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Based on the experiments conducted in an irrigated intercropping field in Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin in 2004, the characteristics of radiation budget are analyzed. Furthermore, energy balance is cal- culated by using Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method. The results show that the ratio of the absorbed radiation to the incoming short radiation in intercropping crop canopy-soil system is increasing with growing stages, from 0.81 in the initial growing stage (IGS) to 0.86 in the late growing stage (LGS). The net radiation, which is smaller in IGS, in- creases rapidly in the first period of the middle growing stage (MGS) and reaches the maximum value in the second period of MGS. It then somewhat decreases in LGS. The ratio of net radiation to total radiation has a similar trend with the net radiation. In the whole growing stages, latent heat flux, which takes up 70% or so of the net radiation, is the dominant item in energy balance. Sensible heat flux shares 20% of the net radiation and soil heat flux has a percentage of 10%. The characteristics of heat balance vary distinctly in different growing stages. In IGS, the ratios of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux to net radiation are 44.5%, 23.8% and 31.7% respectively. In MGS, with the in- creasing of latent heat flux and the decreasing of sensible heat flux and soil heat flux, the ratios turn into 84.4%, 6.3% and 9.3%. In LGS, the soil heat flux maintains 0W/m2 or so, and latent heat flux and sensible heat flux take up 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. The energy balance also shows an obvious daily variation characteristic.

关键词： radiation budget energy balance intercropping field Heihe River basin

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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF LOW-LYING PRAIRIE WETLAND IN MIDDLE REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER IN NORTHWEST CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2005年第4期15卷 325-329页

作者： WU Jin-kui DING Yong-jian WANG Gen-xu SHEN Yong-ping yusuke yamazaki Jumpei KUBOTA Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China The Laboratory of Climate Study of China Metralogical Administration Beijing 100041 P. R. China Research Institute far Humanity and Nature Kyoto 602-0778 Japan

Low-lying prairie wetland, which has characteristics of both grassland and wetland, has irreplaceable ecological functions in inland river basins of Northwest China. Owing to its small-scale distribution, so far, the observation and research on it are rare. The estimation of evapotranspiration is significant to ecological and environmental construction, scientific management of pasture and protection of wetland. For studying the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, an inland river, in Northwest China, the automatic weather station in Linze Ecological Experimental Station of Lanzhou University （39°15′ 3″N, 100°03′ 52″ E）, Linze, Gansu Province, was selected as a case study. Based on meteorological data collected, Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance （BREB） method was used to calculate the evapotranspiration （ET） of low-lying prairie wetland. The analysis results showed that in a whole year （September 2003 -August 2004）, the total ET was 611.5mm and mean daily 1.67mm/d. The ET varied with different growing stages. In non-growing stage （NGS）, initial growing stage （IGS）, middle growing stage （MGS） and end growing stage （EGS）, the ET was 0.57, 2.01, 3.82 and 1.49mrrdd, with a percentage of total ET of 18.26%, 9.20%, 61.83% and 10.71% respectively. In March, ET began to increase. But in April, the ET increased most. After that, it increased gradually and got the maximal value in July. From then on, the ET decreased gradually. In September, the ET decreased rapidly. With the ending of growing and the freezing of soil, the ET stopped from the middle of November to February in next year. Hourly ET analysis showed that at 8：00 a.m. （during MGS at 7：00 a.m.）, the evapotranspiration began, at 13：00 p.m. got its maximal value and at 19：00 p.m. （during MGS at 20：00 p.m.）, the evapotranspiration stopped. The intensity of ET in sunny day was much larger than that in cloudy day in the same growing stage.

关键词： evapotranspiration low-lying prairie wetland inland river basin

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干旱区人工绿洲间作农田蒸散研究

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农业工程学报 2006年第9期22卷 16-20页

作者：吴锦奎丁永建王根绪山崎佑介田隆平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所日本人类与自然研究所日本京都6020778

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的春小麦和夏玉米间作农田能水平衡研究观测点，以气象观测资料为基础，采用波文比能量平衡法（BREB）和参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法（ET0-Kc）对作物的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明：在一个完... 详细信息

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的春小麦和夏玉米间作农田能水平衡研究观测点，以气象观测资料为基础，采用波文比能量平衡法（BREB）和参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法（ET0-Kc）对作物的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明：在一个完整的生长期内，利用波文比能量平衡法得到的间作作物蒸散量为688mm，日均3．4mm／d，用参考作物蒸散量作物系数法得到的作物蒸散量为666mm，日均3．3mm／d，两种计算方法得到的蒸散量总值差别小。同期，水文平衡法计算结果为733mm。利用波文比能量平衡法所得结果的分析表明，试验地在不同生长阶段，ET变化剧烈，生长初期、中期、末期分别为1．19、4．41和2．58mm／d，其蒸散量分别占全年蒸散总量的7．79％、78．73％和13．48％。ET月变化显示，3月维持在一个较低水平；4月和5月剧烈增加；6月达到最大；此后的7月和8月降低，但仍维持在一个高水平；9月，随着作物进入生长末期，蒸散急剧减小。对ET日内变化分析可知，作物蒸散开始于早晨7：00～8：00，在14：00左右达到最大，19：00～20：00趋于0mm／d。不同生长阶段蒸散强度差异明显。

关键词：蒸散间作作物波文比能量能量法参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法绿洲

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干旱区制种玉米农田蒸散研究

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灌溉排水学报 2007年第1期26卷 14-17页

作者：吴锦奎丁永建王根绪山崎佑介窩田隆平中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所日本人类与自然研究所日本京都6020778

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的制种玉米农田蒸散研究观测点,以气象观测资料为基础,采用波文比能量平衡法(BREB)和参考作物蒸散量作物系数法(ET0Kc)对制种玉米的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明,在一个完整的生长期内,利用波... 详细信息

在黑河流域中游的张掖绿洲区建立了大田环境下的制种玉米农田蒸散研究观测点,以气象观测资料为基础,采用波文比能量平衡法(BREB)和参考作物蒸散量作物系数法(ET0Kc)对制种玉米的蒸散进行了计算。结果表明,在一个完整的生长期内,利用波文比能量平衡法得到的蒸散量为513.2 mm,日均3.2 mm/d,用参考作物蒸散量作物系数法得到的作物蒸散量为486.2 mm,日均3.1 mm/d,2种计算方法得到的蒸散量总值差别小。利用波文比能量平衡法所得结果的分析表明,试验地在不同生长阶段,ET变化剧烈,生长初期、发育期、中期、末期分别为2.3、2.9、4.1和3.0 mm/d,其蒸散量分别约占全年蒸散总量的13%、22%、50%和16%。ET月变化显示,4月和5月维持在一个较低水平,平均为2.1-2.3 mm/d;6月剧烈增加到3.6 mm/d;7月达到最大,平均为4.6mm/d;8月蒸散有所降低,为3.3 mm/d;9月,随着作物进入生长末期,蒸散急剧减小到2.8 mm/d。

关键词：蒸散制种玉米波文比能量平衡法参考作物蒸散量-作物系数法干旱区

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Tumor differentiation phenotype in gastric differentiated-type tumors and its relation to tumor invasion and genetic alterations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第24期12卷 3803-3809页

作者： Kimiyasu yamazaki yusuke Tajima Reiko Makino Nobukazu Nishino Shigeo Aoki Masanori Kato Masaaki Sakamoto Koji Morohara Tsutomu Kaetsu Mitsuo Kusano Department of Surgery Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery Showa UniversitySchool of Medicine1-5-8HatanodaiShina-gawa-kuTokyo 142-8666Japan Department of Surgery Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery Showa UniversitySchool of Medicine1-5-8HatanodaiShina-gawa-kuTokyo 142-8666Japan Clinical Research LaboratoryShowa UniversitySchool of Medicine1-5-8HatanodaiShinagawa-kuTokyo 142-8666Japan

AIM： To clarify the relations between tumor differentiation phenotype and tumor invasion or genetic alterations in gastric differentiated-type tumors. METHODS： We examined the tumor differentiation phenotype, the presence of mutations in APC and p53, and the microsatellite instability （MSI） status in 48 gastric adenomas and 171 differentiated-type carcinomas, The tumor differentiation phenotype was determined by examining the expression of human gastric mucin （HGM）, NUC6, MUC2 and CD10, The tumors were then classified into gastric- （G-）, gastric and intestinal mixed （GI-）, or intestinal- （I-） phenotypes, according to the immunopositivity of the above markers, The presence of mutations in APC and p53 and the MSI status were also investigated in all the tumors, RESULTS： Gastric adenomas were significantly associated with CDIO expression, I-phenotype tumors and the presence of APC mutations, compared with carcinomas （66.7% vs 25.1%, P 〈 0.0001; 56.3% vs 14.6%, P 〈 0.0001; 39.6% vs 14.0%, P 〈 0.0001, respectively） and inversely associated with expressions of HGM and MUC6 and the presence of p53 mutations （10.4% vs 62.6%, P 〈 0.0001; 39.6% vs 64.3%, P = 0.003; 2.0% vs 26.3%, P = 0.001, respectively）. The frequency of APC mutations was significantly higher in HGM-negative tumors, MUC6-negative tumors, CD10-positive tumors and I-phenotype tumors than in HGM-positive tumors, MUC6- positive tumors, CD10-negative tumors and G-phenotype tumors （32.7% vs 7.1%, P 〈 0.0001; 27.8% vs 14.0%, P = 0.0182; 37.3% vs 10.4%, P 〈 0.0001; and 38.5% vs 9.5%, P = 0.0017, respectively）. The frequency of MSI was significantly higher in MUC6-positive tumors, CD10- negative tumors and G-phenotype tumors than in MUC6- negative tumors, CD10-positive tumors and I-phenotype tumors （24.8% vs 6.7%, P = 0.0009; 22.2% vs 8.0%, P = 0.0143; and 28.6% vs 9.6%, P = 0.0353, respectively）. CONCLUSION： The tumor differentiation phenotype is closely related to tumor invasion and genetic alterations in gastric d

关键词： Gastric carcinoma Tumor differentiation phe-notype APC p53 Microsatellite instability

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Development of a digital zenith telescope for advanced astrometry

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第4期55卷 723-732页

作者： HANADA Hideo ARAKI Hiroshi TAZAWA Seiichi TSURUTA Seiitsu NODA Hirotomo ASARI Kazuyoshi SASAKI Sho FUNAZAKI Ken'ichi SATOH Atsushi TANIGUCHI Hideo KIKUCHI Mamoru TAKAHASHI Tomoe yamazaki Atsumu PING JinSong KAWANO Nobuyuki PETROVA Natalia GOUDA Naoteru YANO Taihei YAMADA Yoshiyuki NIWA Yoshito KONO yusuke IWATA Takahiro National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Iwate-ken 0230861Japan Department of Engineering Department Iwate UniversityIwate 0208550Japan National Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Oshu Space&Astronomy Museum Iwate-ken 0230861Japan Department of Astronomy Kazan State UniversityKazan 420008Russia Section of Graduate School of Science Division of Physics and Astronomy Kyoto UniversityKyoto 6068501Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kanagawa 2525210Japan

Like other optical astrometric techniques,the Photographic Zenith Tube(PZT) has played a key role in the past observations of the Earth rotation,and it also has a potential to be applied to several other observations by taking advantage of automatic observations with self compensation of tilt of the *** here propose In-situ Lunar Orientation Measurement(ILOM) to study lunar rotational dynamics by direct observations of the lunar rotation from the lunar surface by using a small telescope like PZT with an accuracy of 1 milli-seconds of arc(1 mas) in the post-SELENE *** second application is to obtain local gravity field on the Earth by combining deflection of the vertical measured by PZT and the position measured by Global Positioning System(GPS) or Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS).The accuracy required for this purpose is not as strict as *** have already developed a Bread Board Model(BBM) of the telescope for ILOM and made some experiments in order to know the performance of the driving mechanism under a similar condition to the lunar environment showing high vacuum,large temperature change and dusty *** have also shown that it is possible to correct the effects of uniform temperature change upon the optical system by using a simple model with an accuracy of better than 1 *** model has the potential to attain the accuracy of 1 mas,based on the results of the experiments and the simulations.

关键词： high accuracy orbit determination SAR LRS SELENE

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Role of PV-Powered Vehicles in Low-Carbon Society and Some Approaches of High-Efficiency Solar Cell Modules for Cars

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Energy and Power Engineering 2020年第6期12卷 375-395页

作者： Masafumi Yamaguchi Taizo Masuda Kenji Araki Daisuke Sato Kan-Hua Lee Nobuaki Kojima Tatsuya Takamoto Kenichi Okumura Akinori Satou Kazumi Yamada Takashi Nakado yusuke Zushi Mitsuhiro yamazaki Hiroyuki Yamada Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Susono Japan Sharp Corporation Nara Japan Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Japan Nissan Motor Corporation Yokosuka Japan New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Kawasaki Japan

Development of highly-efficient photovoltaic (PV) modules and expanding its application fields are significant for the further development of PV technologies and realization of innovative green energy infrastructure based on PV. Especially, development of solar-powered vehicles as a new application is highly desired and very important for this end. This paper presents the impact of PV cell/module conversion efficiency on reduction in CO2 emission and increase in driving range of the electric based vehicles. Our studies show that the utilization of a highly-efficient (higher than 30%) PV module enables the solar-powered vehicle to drive 30 km/day without charging in the case of light weight cars with electric mileage of 17 km/kWh under solar irradiat

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