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Environmental impact of aquaculture-sedimentation and nutrient loadings from shrimp culture of the southeast coastal region of the Bay of Bengal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期16卷 466-470页

作者： Biplob Das yusuf Sharif ahmed Khan Pranab Das Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Institute of Marine SciencesInstitute of Marine Sciences 1-26 Earth Sciences Building University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3CanadaUniversity of ChittagongChittagong 4331BangladeshUniversity of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh

Nutrient loadings were measured for surface seawater and bottom sediments of semi intensive and improved extensive shrimp culture pond, adjacent estuary, and fallow land in the south east coastal region of Bangladesh during August, 2000—January, 2001 to evaluate the impact of shrimp culture. The mean levels of nutrients found in the pond surface water were 108 780 mg/L for CaCO 3, 0 526 mg/L for NH + 4 N, 3 075 wt% for organic carbon, 7 00 mg/L for PO 4 P, 5 57 mg/L for NO 3 N, and 7 33 mg/L for chlorophyll a. The maximum mean value of H 2S(0 232 mg/L) was found in estuarine water. Nutrients loading were found to be decreased with distance from the shrimp farm discharge unit in estuarine water. The mean level of organic matter, total nitrogen, and organic carbon were found in higher concentrations in sediments of cultured pond compared to bottom soil of adjacent fallow land at the same elevation. Extractable Ca values were found in higher concentration(550 33 ppt) in adjacent fallow land, as the shrimps for molting in shrimp ponds use extractable Ca. The relation between seawater H 2S value and sediment pH ( r= -0 94); sediment organic carbon and sediment pH values ( r= -0 76), sediment total nitrogen and sediment pH ( r= - 0 74) were found to be highly negatively correlated. Whereas the relation between seawater H 2S value and sediment total nitrogen ( r= 0 92), water NH + 4 N and sediment pH ( r= 0 66) were found to be positively correlated. The results revealed that load of nutrients at eutrophic level in estuarine water, and decrease of soil pH; leading to acid sulphate soil formation indicates a negative impact of shrimp culture.

关键词： environment eutrophication impact nutrients shrimp culture

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Utilization of Primary Health Care and Its Associated Factors among Women of Childbearing Age Living in Mogadishu-Somalia

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Health 2020年第12期12卷 1640-1652页

作者： Abdirizak yusuf ahmed ahmed M. Husein Demartino Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Public Health Capital University of Somalia Mogadishu Somalia

Background: The Somali people have some of the worst health indicators in the world, with women and children most affected. Despite modest improvements in maternal and child mortality rates in the last five years, inequities amongst communities meant that some children and mothers are disproportionately exposed to otherwise avoidable and treatable diseases. The broad aim of this study is to assess utilization of Primary Health Care (PHC) and Its associated factors among Women of Childbearing age living In Mogadishu Somalia. Methodology: Descriptive and Analytical cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among Women of Childbearing age that were living in two districts (Hodan and Abdul-Aziz Districts)-Mogadishu-Somalia-From May 2019 to September 2019. A total of 395 of Women of Childbearing age were targeted during the study period. Descriptive and analytical statistics was used using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 statistical software. The data were showed tables, figures and graphs for describing the data. Results: The study found that Most of respondents were between 15 to 25 years 41.5% (395 sample sizes), while the age of group of >45 to 55 was only 6% (395 sample size). According to the district 76.5% of respondents were from Hodan, while 23.5% (395 sample size) of respondents were from Abdul-Aziz district. According to awareness to the need of a pregnant mother to be vaccinated at the Mother and child health (MCH) Most respondents 48.2% (395 Sample size) said that pregnant women may or may not need to be vaccinated. According to health-seeking decisions only 3% of ever married respondents were made by themselves whilst 97% of them were made by their husband. Age group was not significantly associated with the level of utilization of Primary Health Care (PHC);this is different from study in Kenya showing that age is an important factor in determining the use of skilled assis

关键词： Utilization Awareness PHC Hodan Abdul-Aziz

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Level of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among High Risk Groups for Severe COVID-19 Infection Living in Mogadishu Somalia

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Health 2021年第11期13卷 1206-1221页

作者： Abdirazak yusuf ahmed Mustafa yusuf ahmed Fatima Abdi Saeed Fahma Ali Saeed Ministry of Health Somalia Demartini Public Hospital Mogadishu Somali Shine Supply Program Action against Hunger Research Department at Himilo University Mogadishu Somali Mogadishu Medical and Imaging Academy Mogadishu Somali Demartino Public Hospital Mogadishu Somali

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which is widely referred to as “COVID-19”, has been infecting more than 5.5 million over 144 countries. A vaccine is considered to be the most awaiting intervention and hundreds of global R&D institutions engaged in unprecedented speed to develop the vaccine. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines may not translate into its uptake. Although governments will provide the vaccines, their uptake is voluntary. Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and it’s determinants among high risk groups for severe COVID-19 infection living in Mogadishu Somalia. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, descriptive analysis conducted to obtain reliable information about the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and it is determinants among high-risk groups living in Mogadishu, Somalia. The calculated sample size was 404 using Cochran’s formula = Z2p(1 − p)/d2 and addition of 5% non-respondent rate. According to PESS population estimate in 2020, there are 17 districts. We grouped them into 2 strata and through simple random sampling one district was selected from each strata. After randomly selecting the two districts, three sub districts were randomly selected from each and then every second house (1, 3, 5) in the main roads will be selected. If target population were not found in the second selected house, the next house will be taken until sample size is obtained. Results: 59.4% of respondents were willing to accept and take vaccination while 40.6% of them were not accepting the vaccination. Being afraid of the side effect was the most common reason for not accepting the vaccine Conclusion: More than one third of respondents (40.6%) were not willing to accept the vaccination, knowledge to

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance High Risk Group Severe COVID-19 Infection Knowledge Comorbidities

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Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance

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Health 2023年第11期15卷 1298-1317页

作者： Abdirazak yusuf ahmed Fawziya Abikar Nor Mustafa yusuf ahmed Marian Muse Osman Dmertini Public Health Health System Adviser at Ministry of Mogadishu Somalia Mogadishu Somalia The Federal Ministry of Health Mogadishu Somalia Dean Faculty of Medicine and Health Science at Darulhikmah University Mogadishu Somalia Research Department National Institute of Health Mogadishu Somalia

Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings.

关键词： Universal Health Coverage Health Governance Health Finance Equitable Health Access

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency Anemia among School-Age Children in Primary Schools in Burao City, Somaliland, 2020

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2021年第3期11卷 67-80页

作者： Saed Salim yusuf ahmed Abdullah Al-Mamari Faculty of Medicine & Health Science University of Burao Burao Somaliland

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting the majority of the population of the world in both developed and developing countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It is the world’s second leading cause of disability of the whole global disease burden. It affects 1.62 billion (24.8%) of the population, among them, it is affecting 305 million (25.4%) school-age children (SAC). Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among school-age children in primary schools in Burao city, Somaliland, 2020. Materials & Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study design was done in four primary schools in Burao, Somaliland. About 285 school-age children in the age group between 6 - 14 years were selected with a respondent rate of 93.4%. Random sampling was used to select schools and systemic random sampling was used to identify children from the selected schools. Socio-demographic data was collected by using a questionnaire & interviews of respondents in addition to anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin measurement, and stool examination. Complete Blood Counting (CBC) was used to determine the mean corpuscular (kor-PUS-kyu-lar) volume (MCV) and hematocrit (HMC) levels to detect hemoglobin s

关键词： Anemia Associated Factors School-Age Children Primary Schools Burao City

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脐血TH1TH2细胞因子表达水平与婴儿喘息性疾病的相关性

脐血TH1TH2细胞因子表达水平与婴儿喘息性疾病的相关性

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作者： ABDIFATAH ahmed yusuf 绍兴文理学院

学位级别：硕士

背景:儿童喘息是一种特应性疾病,病因尚不清楚。尽管认为基因变异和环境暴露与其有关,但其致病机制还远未完全确定。过敏作为喘息致病因素的作用也不清楚。许多研究表明哮喘与过敏表型有很强的相关性,因此哮喘被广泛认为是一种过敏性疾... 详细信息

背景:儿童喘息是一种特应性疾病,病因尚不清楚。尽管认为基因变异和环境暴露与其有关,但其致病机制还远未完全确定。过敏作为喘息致病因素的作用也不清楚。许多研究表明哮喘与过敏表型有很强的相关性,因此哮喘被广泛认为是一种过敏性疾病。然而,哮喘也经常发生在过敏原皮肤试验阴性的个体中。此外,尽管血清总Ig E与哮喘患病率的直接关联非常显著,但脐血或生命早期的Ig E水平充其量只能与哮喘的发展弱相关,这表明其发展的主要机制可能不仅是Ig E这一原因。特应性疾病的特征是辅助T细胞（Th）1/Th2平衡从Th1向促进过敏的Th2细胞偏倚。Th1/Th2失衡及其细胞因子失调可能在遗传易感个体胎儿免疫系统的宫内发育过程中已经产生;它将在出生时存在,并影响出生后对各种环境刺激的免疫反应。尽管决定出生时和婴儿早期免疫能力的因素尚不清楚,但产前细胞因子被认为在控制发育中的胎儿免疫系统的功能成熟方面起着重要作用,据报道,脐血单核细胞中Th1相关细胞因子（如IFN-γ和IL-12）的水平偏低与新生儿随后出现的过敏和特应性疾病密切相关。脐血Th1/Th2失衡,Th2免疫占优,可能会导致新生儿此后进一步发生过敏性疾病如婴幼儿喘息。因此,研究妊娠末期脐血Th1/Th2平衡及其表达细胞因子与后代过敏性疾病的发展之间的相关性具有非常重要的意义。我们假设妊娠引起的免疫改变可能影响后代的免疫功能疾病的发展,在此进行脐血细胞因子的变化与儿童早期喘息和过敏性疾病的相关性研究。目的:探讨新生儿脐血TH1TH2细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-17、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平与婴儿反复喘息的相关性,从而为预防该病找出更好的方法。方法:在2017年1月至2018年6月间,400名待产孕妇在产区病房被随机招募（孕周>37周）,建立出生队列。抽取足月新生儿脐血冻存待检,检测TH1TH2细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-1β、IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平;所有新生儿通过电话或者门诊追踪随访观察一年,随访到336例,其中反复喘息婴儿（喘息次数大于等于2次）48例,设为喘息组,未喘息患儿288例,设为对照组。喘息组与对照组脐血细胞因子水平比较采用独立样本的T检验进行统计学分析。结果:喘息组IL-8、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平均显著高于对照组。喘息组与对照组IL-8水平分别为（22.1196±7.4165）pg/m L、（19.4551±7.8569）pg/m L;IFN-γ水平分别为（2.4500±0.9293）pg/m L、（3.0481±1.4005）pg/m L;TNF-α水平分别为（2.3683±1.1438）pg/m L、（2.8659±1.4162）pg/m L。喘息组IL-8有明显升高,IFN-γ、TNF-α水平有明显降低,两组比较,差异有显著性（P0.05）。结论:与对照组相比,喘息组Th1Th2细胞因子IL-8升高,IFN-γ、TNF-α降低,可成为生后一年婴儿反复喘息的预测因子。

关键词：脐血细胞因子婴儿反复喘息

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升阶梯多元化微创治疗感染坏死性胰腺炎一例报道及文献回顾分析

升阶梯多元化微创治疗感染坏死性胰腺炎一例报道及文献回顾分析

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作者： yusuf ahmed Mohamed 大连医科大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:重症急性胰腺炎在发病第2周以后约有30%左右可能并发感染性坏死,常可引起脓毒症,如果抗生素治疗无效,会发展至脓毒症性休克。既往开腹手术治疗的并发症发生率高,住院时间长。目前常采用升阶梯微创外科治疗,疗效较好。目的:介绍一... 详细信息

背景:重症急性胰腺炎在发病第2周以后约有30%左右可能并发感染性坏死,常可引起脓毒症,如果抗生素治疗无效,会发展至脓毒症性休克。既往开腹手术治疗的并发症发生率高,住院时间长。目前常采用升阶梯微创外科治疗,疗效较好。目的:介绍一例为感染坏死性胰腺炎病例。有典型的重症急性胰腺炎的病史和感染坏死特征。我们遵循最新的国际重症急性胰腺炎的诊治指南,对伴有感染坏死程度非常严重的急性胰腺炎病例进行治疗。方法:以45岁男性病人例说明感染坏死性重症急性胰腺炎的进展和诊治。病人突发腹痛,诊为重症急性胰腺炎立即入住ICU。遵循国际指南的程序和流程进行治疗,后出现感染性坏死,我们采用升阶梯多元化微创外科治疗。讨论:急性胰腺炎的临床表现常为突发腹部剧烈胀痛,常常引发多器官衰竭,进展迅速,急性期死亡率较高,确定诊断后,采用多学科联合治疗方案,进行目标导向的积极液体复苏等综合性治疗,包括药物和外科重症监护等。之后,感染期出现了严重的脓毒症,抗生素治疗无明显疗效,需要进行感染性坏死灶清除。我们基于升阶梯多元化微创治疗方法,使用超声经皮穿刺引流技术和胆道镜及经皮肾镜技术进行引流清创。我们建立了多元化微创外科治疗方法,不必行开腹,在三个引流导管部位进行扩展窦道,初始应用胆道镜,后期继续扩张窦道至1厘米,应用经皮肾镜取出感染坏死性组织。结论:对于感染坏死性胰腺炎,抗生素无效时,可采用多元化升阶梯微创外科治疗方案。

关键词：感染坏死性胰腺炎升阶梯微创外科治疗病例报告文献回顾

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PDCA循环在控制辅助生殖技术中的重度OHSS发生率中的应用

PDCA循环在控制辅助生殖技术中的重度OHSS发生率中的应用

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作者： UMULKHAYR ahmed yusuf 绍兴文理学院

学位级别：硕士

目的:验收经过多次PDCA循环干预后生殖科辅助生殖技术引起的重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率的管理成效。方法:选取(2015年—2019年)我院行辅助生殖技术,包括体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF)和单精子卵胞浆内注射(ICSI)助孕发生重度OHSS的... 详细信息

目的:验收经过多次PDCA循环干预后生殖科辅助生殖技术引起的重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率的管理成效。方法:选取(2015年—2019年)我院行辅助生殖技术,包括体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF)和单精子卵胞浆内注射(ICSI)助孕发生重度OHSS的患者作为研究对象。所有患者均行取卵术。本院从2018年1月开始应用PDCA循环管理模式,以2015年、2016年和2017年未采取PDCA时的重度OHSS患者为对照组,以应用PDCA循环管理模式后的2018年和2019年先后实施2轮PDCA管理辅助生殖技术并发症重度OHSS患者为实验组。探讨PDCA循环管理模式的应用价值。结果:实施PDCA循环管理后,辅助生殖技术患者重度OHSS发生率分别由未实施PDCA循环的1.95%(2015年)、1.33%(2016年)和1.75%(2017年)下降到PDCA循环管理后重度OHSS发生率为0.85%(2018年)和0.76%(2019年),但差异统计学意义(P<0.05)结论:PDCA循环管理生殖科管理辅助生殖技术引起的重度OHSS发生率,重度OHSS发生率有所下降,提升了辅助生殖技术助孕的安全性,减少患者的不适反应,提升辅助生殖技术的质控指标。但无明显统计学差异,需要进一步扩大样本量,后续进一步研究。

关键词：卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS) PDCA循环辅助生殖技术(ART)

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Grindability Evaluation of Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of Silicon Nitride Ceramic Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication Based SiO_(2)Nanofluid

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 115-136页

作者： yusuf Suleiman Dambatta Changhe Li Mohd Sayuti ahmed A D Sarhan Min Yang Benkai Li Anxue Chu Mingzheng Liu Yanbin Zhang Zafar Said Zongming Zhou School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China Mechanical Engineering Department Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810106Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems Engineer-ingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina College of Engineering University of Sharjah27272 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates Hanergy(Qingdao)Lubrication Technology Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266100China

Minimum quantity Lubrication(MQL)is a sustainable lubrication system that is famous in many machining *** involve the spray of an infinitesimal amount of mist-like lubricants during machining *** MQL system is affirmed to exhibit an excellent machining performance,and it is highly *** nanofluids are understood to exhibit excellent lubricity and heat evacuation capability,compared to pure oil-based MQL *** have shown that the surface quality and amount of energy expended in the grinding operations can be reduced considerably due to the positive effect of these *** work presents an experimental study on the tribological performance of SiO_(2)nanofluid during grinding of Si_(3)N_(4)*** effect different grinding modes and lubrication systems during the grinding operation was also *** concentrations of the SiO_(2)nanofluid was manufactured using canola,corn and sunflower *** quantitative evaluation of the grinding process was done based on the amount of grinding forces,specific grinding energy,frictional coefficient,and surface *** was found that the canola oil exhibits optimal lubrication performance compared to corn oil,sunflower oil,and traditional lubrication ***,the introduction of ultrasonic vibrations with the SiO_(2)nanofluid in MQL system was found to reduce the specific grinding energy,normal grinding forces,tangential grinding forces,and surface roughness by 65%,57%,65%,and 18%***,regression analysis was used to obtain an optimum parameter *** observations from this work will aid the smooth transition towards ecofriendly and sustainable machining of engineering ceramics.

关键词： Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) Ultrasonic assisted grinding(UAG) Eco-friendly lubricants Nanofluid Grinding Ceramic

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Postpartum Depression and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Mogadishu Somalia, Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

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Health 2022年第10期14卷 1059-1080页

作者： Samira Abdurrahman Mohamuud Mohamed Ibrahim Abukar Mustafa yusuf ahmed Mustafa Abdirahman Ali Ikram Adam Abdurahman Mariam Hassan Mohamed Mohamed ahmed Ali Mogadishu Medical and Imaging Academy Mogadishu Somalia Health Center for Muslim Aid Mogadishu Somalia Health Sector of Benadir Regional Administration Mogadishu Somalia Jazeera University Mogadishu Somalia Emergency Department Demertini Public Hospital Mogadishu Somalia Medical Department Mogadishu Medical and Imaging Academy Mogadishu Somalia

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a term applied to describe depressive symptoms occurring during the first year of the postpartum period and is characterized by low mood, loss of enjoyment, reduced energy, and activity, marked functional impairment, reduced self-esteem, ideas or acts of self-harm or suicide. The women’s change into motherhood is a difficult period that involves significant changes in the psychological, social and physiological aspects, and is considered to increase vulnerability for the development of mental illness. In Somalia, 1 in 20 women aged 15 - 49 die due to pregnancy- or birth-related complications every year. This makes being pregnant in Somalia a risk that has its own stress and anxiety. Objective: To evaluate postpartum depression and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methodology: The study is analytic cross sectional study design in which postpartum depression and its associated factors are measured. We used Cochran’s formula (Z2p(1 – p)/d2). Results: One fifth of the study population was found to have postpartum depression and the factors relating to it included marital status, substance abuse, mode and place of delivery. Conclusion: This shows that neglected mental health of the mothers in Somalia has its burden on the society. Recommendation: Mental health care component should be integrated with maternal care programs available in the country to work on prevention and control of motherhood related stress and depression among mothers who are giving birth under the very difficult circumstances in the country.

关键词： Mental Health Depression Childbirth Postpartum Postpartum Depression Stress Anxiety

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