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Research on the knee region of cosmic ray by using a novel type of electron-neutron detector array

Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 13-24页

作者： Bing-Bing Li Xin-Hua Ma Shu-Wang Cui Hao-Kun Chen Tian-Lu Chen Danzengluobu Wei Gao Hai-Bing Hu Denis Kuleshov Kirill Kurinov Hu Liu Mao-Yuan Liu Ye Liu Da-Yu Peng Yao-Hui Qi Oleg Shchegolev yuri stenkin Li-Qiao Yin Heng-Yu Zhang Liang-Wei Zhang College of Physics Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610000China College of Science Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Comic Rays Ministry of EducationTibet UniversityLhasa 850000China Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Management Science and Engineering Hebei University of Economics and BusinessShijiazhuang 050061China Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow 141700Russia

By accurately measuring composition and energy spectrum of cosmic ray,the origin problem of so called“knee”region(energy>one PeV)can be ***,up to the present,the results of the spectrum in the knee region obtained by several previous experiments have shown obvious differences,so they cannot give effective evidence for judging the theoretical models on the origin of the ***,the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has reported several major breakthroughs and important results in astro-particle physics *** on its advantages of wide-sky survey,high altitude location and large area detector arrays,the research content of LHAASO experiment mainly includes ultra high-energy gamma-ray astronomy,measurement of cosmic ray spectra in the knee region,searching for dark matter and new phenomena of particle physics at higher *** electron and thermal neutron detector(EN-Detector)is a new scintillator detector which applies thermal neutron detection technology to measure cosmic ray extensive air shower(EAS).This technology is an extension of *** EN-Detector Array(ENDA)can highly efficiently measure thermal neutrons generated by secondary hadrons so called“skeleton”of *** this paper,we perform the optimization of ENDA configuration,and obtain expectations on the ENDA results,including thermal neutron distribution,trigger efficiency and capability of cosmic ray composition *** obtained real data results are consistent with those by the Monte Carlo simulation.

关键词： cosmic ray EAS knee region LHAASO ENDA

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Chapter 4 Cosmic-Ray Physics

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第3期46卷 85-125页

作者： Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli Si-Ming Liu Domenico della Volpe Zhen Cao Andrea Chiavassa Benedetto D’Ettorre Piazzoli Yi-Qing Guo Leonid T.Ksenofontov Olivier Martineau-Huynh Diane Martraire Ling-Ling Ma Xin-Hua Ma yuri stenkin Qiang Yuan Hou-Dun Zeng Shou-Shan Zhang Yi Zhang Hui Zhu Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo80126 NaplesItaly School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University611756 ChengduSichuanChina Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève1211 GenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdegli Studi di TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 1Torino10125Italy Yu.G.Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy SB RAS 677027 YakutskRussia Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies CNRS-IN2P3Universités Paris VI et VIIParisFrance Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences 117312 MoscowRussia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 141700 MoscowRussia Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina

In the first part of this Chapter the present state of knowledge from the observations of cosmic rays between 10^(13) and 10^(20) eV is *** is not intended to be a complete review,but rather a broad overview of the relevant processes involving cosmic rays,including the astrophysical environments in which they take *** overview mainly concerns experimental results and phenomenological aspects of their interpretation,therefore experiments’description is not given but references to the vast bibliography are provided in the *** attempt is made to address the most popular explanations offered by theoretical *** second part is devoted to the description of the LHAASO performance and of its capability to provide a response to several open questions,still unanswered,concerning cosmic rays above 10^(13) eV,highlighting which major steps forward in this field could be taken from LHAASO observations.

关键词： airshower astroparticle physics cosmic rays particle acceleration and transport Multi-messengers

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Chapter 1 LHAASO Instruments and Detector technology

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第3期46卷 1-35页

作者： Xin-Hua Ma Yu-Jiang Bi Zhen Cao Ming-Jun Chen Song-Zhan Chen Yao-Dong Cheng Guang-Hua Gong Min-Hao Gu Hui-Hai He Chao Hou Wen-Hao Huang Xing-Tao Huang Cheng Liu Oleg Shchegolev Xiang-Dong Sheng yuri stenkin Chao-Yong Wu Han-Rong Wu Sha Wu Gang Xiao Zhi-Guo Yao Shou-Shan Zhang Yi Zhang Xiong Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow 141700Russia Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)(Fig.1)is located at ***(4410 m a.s.l.,600 g/cm^(2),29°21'27.56"N,100°08'19.66"E)in Daocheng,Sichuan province,*** consists of 1.3 km^(2) array(KM2A)of electromagnetic particle detectors(ED)and muon detectors(MD),a water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA)with a total active area of 78,000 m^(2),18 wide field-of-view air Cherenkov telescopes(WFCTA)and a newly proposed electron-neutron detector array(ENDA)covering 10,000 m^(2).Each detector is synchronized with all the other through a clock synchronization network based on the White Rabbit *** observatory includes an IT center which comprises the data acquisition system and trigger system,the data analysis *** this Chapter,all the above-mentioned components of LHAASO as well as infrastructure are described.

关键词： LHAASO gamma ray astronomy cosmic ray physics

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