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Gut dysbiosis and body composition in cirrhosis

World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第6期14卷 1210-1225页

作者： Roman Maslennikov Vladimir Ivashkin Aliya Alieva Elena Poluektova Anna Kudryavtseva George Krasnov Maria Zharkova yuri zharikov Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research Moscow 119435Russia Department of Internal Medicine Сonsultative and Diagnostic Center No.2Moscow City Health DepartmentMoscow 107564Russia Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of Sciences119991 MoscowRussia Laboratory of Postgenomic Research Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of Sciences119991 MoscowRussia Department of Anatomy Sechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia

BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis and changes in body composition(i.e.,a decrease in the proportion of muscle mass and an increase in extracellular fluid)are common in *** To study the relationship between the gut microbiota and body composition in *** This observational study included 46 patients with *** microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene *** bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess body composition in these *** An increase in fat mass and a decrease in body cell mass were noted in 23/46(50.0%)and 15/46(32.6%)patients,*** in the gut microbiome were not independently associated with the fat mass percentage in *** abundance of Bacteroidaceae(P=0.041)and Eggerthella(P=0.001)increased,whereas that of Erysipelatoclostridiaceae(P=0.006),Catenibacterium(P=0.021),Coprococcus(P=0.033),Desulfovibrio(P=0.043),Intestinimonas(P=0.028),and Senegalimassilia(P=0.015)decreased in the gut microbiome of patients with body cell mass *** amount of extracellular fluid increased in 22/46(47.6%)*** abundance(P<0.001)increased,whereas Firmicutes(P=0.023),Actinobacteria(P=0.026),Bacilli(P=0.008),Anaerovoraceceae(P=0.027),Christensenellaceae(P=0.038),Eggerthellaceae(P=0.047),Erysipelatoclostridiaceae(P=0.015),Erysipelotrichaceae(P=0.003),Oscillospiraceae(P=0.024),Rikenellaceae(P=0.002),Collinsella(P=0.030),Hungatella(P=0.040),Peptococcaceae(P=0.023),Slackia(P=0.008),and Senegalimassilia(P=0.024)abundance decreased in these *** with clinically significant ascites(n=9)had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria(P=0.031)and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria(P=0.019)and Bacteroidetes(P=0.046)than patients without clinically significant ascites(n=37).CONCLUSION Changes in the amount of body cell mass and extracellular fluid are associated with changes in the gut microbiome in cirrhosis patients.

关键词： Dysbiosis Microbiome Microbiota Gut-Liver axis Sarcopenia Malnutrition Cirrhosis

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Molecular pathways of liver regeneration:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第3期13卷 270-290页

作者： Yana V Kiseleva Sevak Z Antonyan Tatyana S zharikova Kirill A Tupikin Dmitry V Kalinin yuri O zharikov International School“Medicine of the Future” I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow 119435Russia Department of Emergency Surgical Gastroenterology N.V.Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency MedicineMoscow 129010Russia Department of Human Anatomy I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow 119048Russia Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Surgery A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and DentistryMoscow 127473Russia Pathology Department A.V.Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery of the Russian Ministry of HealthcareMoscow 117997Russia

The liver is a unique parenchymal organ with a regenerative capacity allowing it to restore up to 70%of its *** knowledge of this phenomenon dates back to Greek mythology(the story of Prometheus),many aspects of liver regeneration are still not understood.A variety of different factors,including inflammatory cytokines,growth factors,and bile acids,promote liver regeneration and control the final size of the organ during typical regeneration,which is performed by mature hepatocytes,and during alternative regeneration,which is performed by recently identified resident stem cells called“hepatic progenitor cells”.Hepatic progenitor cells drive liver regeneration when hepatocytes are unable to restore the liver mass,such as in cases of chronic injury or excessive acute *** liver maintenance,the body mass ratio is essential for homeostasis because the liver has numerous functions;therefore,a greater understanding of this process will lead to better control of liver injuries,improved transplantation of small grafts and the discovery of new methods for the treatment of liver *** current review sheds light on the key molecular pathways and cells involved in typical and progenitor-dependent liver mass regeneration after various acute or chronic *** studies and a better understanding of liver regeneration will lead to the development of new therapeutic methods for liver diseases.

关键词： Liver regeneration Molecular pathways Hepatic progenitor cells Cytokines Micro ribonucleic acid Partial hepatectomy

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All-dielectric meta-optics and non-linear nanophotonics

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National Science Review 2018年第2期5卷 144-158页

作者： yuri Kivshar Nonlinear Physics Center Australian National University ITMO University

Most optical metamaterials fabricated and studied to date employ metallic components resulting in significant losses, heat and overall low efficiencies. A new era of metamaterial physics is associated with all-dielectric meta-optics, which employs electric and magnetic Mie resonances of subwavelength particles with high refractive index for an optically induced magnetic response, thus underpinning a new approach to design and fabricate functional and practical metadevices. Here we review the recent developments in meta-optics and subwavelength dielectric photonics and demonstrate that the Mie resonances can play a crucial role in the realization of the unique functionalities of meta-atoms, also driving novel effects in the fields of metamaterials and nanophotonics. We discuss the recent research frontiers in all-dielectric meta-optics and uncover how Mie resonances can be employed for a flexible control of light with full phase and amplitude engineering, including unidirectional metadevices, highly transparent metasurfaces,non-linear nanophotonics and topological photonics.

关键词： nanophotonics Mie resonances meta-optics metasurfaces metamaterials

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Approximations of the Fractional Integral and Numerical Solutions of Fractional Integral Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2021年第3期3卷 545-569页

作者： yuri Dimitrov Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Forestry1756 SofiaBulgaria Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences1113 SofiaBulgaria

In the present paper,we derive the asymptotic expansion formula for the trapezoidal approximation of the fractional *** use the expansion formula to obtain approximations for the fractional integral of ordersα,1+α,2+α,3+αand 4+α.The approximations are applied for computation of the numerical solutions of the ordinary fractional relaxation and the fractional oscillation equations expressed as fractional integral equations.

关键词： Fractional integral Trapezoidal approximation Fractional integral equation Finite-difference scheme

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Strengthening of tungsten by coherent rhenium precipitates formed during low fluence irradiation

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Tungsten 2022年第1期4卷 20-27页

作者： yuri Osetsky Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

Experimental data show that the accumulation of rhenium and osmium from transmutation reactions severely affect the microstructural evolution and property degradation of tungsten-based materials under neutron *** and modeling have confirmed that Re atom transport in W is by irradiation-produced migrating self-interstitial *** this diffusion mode in operation,a specific microstructure evolution is realized when at relatively low neutron fluence the Re-rich precipitates are formed,while the void and interstitial loop population development is suppressed,affecting the mechanical *** research shows the effect of small coherent Re-rich precipitates on the dislocation glide under stress,investigated using the molecular dynamics approach with empirical interatomic *** results are compared with an earlier simulation of void hardening in *** is demonstrated that small coherent Re-rich precipitates of less than 6 nm diameter represent relatively weak obstacles for moving edge *** implication of these results on the interpretation of experimental results is discussed.

关键词： Tungsten-rhenium alloys Molecular dynamics Re-rich precipitates Dislocation obstacle interaction Dislocation dynamics Obstacle strength

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Attachment ability of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures of different shapes

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Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1430-1441页

作者： David BADLER yuri KLIGERMAN Haytam KASEM Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of EngineeringJerusalem 9103501Israel

There are various potential applications of biomimetic adhesive solutions including climbing robotic systems,mobile sensor platforms,and biomedical applications such as patches for external *** resistance to both normal and tangential loads,however,is a critical issue that still needs to be *** animals have developed exceptional attachment mechanisms based on combined fibrillar elements of different shapes and *** investigation of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures on tribological performances such as adhesion,friction,and peeling resistance is needed to apply this idea to the design of an artificial texture having similar“biomimetic”*** the present study,we demonstrate that combinations of different shapes of biomimetic adhesive micro-textures show increased efficiency under different contact environments and enable long-term adhesive *** work sheds light on combinations of different element shapes inspired by nature and their adhesive efficiency as a function of the ratio of each biomimetic element,as well as their spatial repartition.

关键词： biomimetic micro-textures adhesion friction peeling

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Electric resistivity of partially ionized plasma in the lower solar atmosphere

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 193-201页

作者： Jongchul Chae yuri ELitvinenko Astronomy Program Department of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Mathematics University of WaikatoP.B.3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

The lower solar atmosphere is a gravitationally stratified layer of partially ionized *** calculate the electric resistivity in the solar photosphere and chromosphere,which is the key parameter that controls the rate of magnetic reconnection in a Sweet-Parker current *** calculation takes into account the collisions between ions and hydrogen atoms as well as the electron-ion collisions and the electron-hydrogen atom *** find that under the typical conditions of the quiet Sun,electric resistivity is determined mostly by the electron-hydrogen atom collisions in the photosphere,and mostly by the ion-hydrogen collisions,*** diffusion,in the *** magnetic reconnection events with strong magnetic fields,the ambipolar diffusion,however,may be insignificant because the heating by the reconnection itself may lead to the full ionization of hydrogen *** conclude that ambipolar diffusion may be the most important source of electric resistivity responsible for the magnetic flux cancelation and energy release in chromospheric current sheets that can keep a significant fraction of neutral hydrogen atoms.

关键词： plasmas atomic processes magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Sun:atmosphere Sun:chromosphere

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Seeing is believing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第3期11卷 6-7页

作者： Sergey Krasikov yuri Kivshar Nonlinear Physics Center Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia and School of Physics and EngineeringITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg197101Russia

Bound states in the continuum are realized in many optical systems as“dark states”,and their presence can be detected in the regime of leaky modes via resonances in *** the authors reveal previously unseen structure... 详细信息

关键词： states dielectric continuum

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Air quality short-term control in an industrial region under adverse weather conditions

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Control Theory and Technology 2020年第3期18卷 257-268页

作者： yuri SKIBA David PARRA-CUEVARA Center for Atmospheric Sciences National Autonomous University of MexicoCircuito ExteriorCiudad UniversitariaCDMX04510Mexico

A new short-term optimal control of air quality in an industrial region during atmospheric inversions is *** goal is to prevent violation of health standard of air quality in a few monitored *** control establishes restrictions on the emission rates of industrial sources and includes the identification of the industrial sources violating(exceeding)the emission rates set by the *** control and identification are based on using solutions to an adjoint dispersion *** that show the convergence of the emission rates,prescribed by the control,to the original emission rates of the industrial sources are given(Theorems 4 and 5).These results ensure that the new emission rates of industrial sources(established by the control)will be as close as possible to the original emission rates throughout the entire period of application of the *** creates the minimum possible restrictions on the functioning of industrial *** highlight of the new control is the possibility of selecting special weights for each pollution source in the goal function that is *** weights are mainly aimed at reducing the intensity of emissions of the main sources of *** example demonstrates the ability of the new method.A similar approach can also be used to develop methods for cleaning water zones polluted by oil(the problem of bioremediation),and to prevent excessive pollution of urban areas with automobile emissions.

关键词： Dispersion model adjoint model adjoint estimates optimal control source detection

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Meta-optics and bound states in the continuum

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Science Bulletin 2019年第12期64卷 836-842页

作者： Kirill Koshelev Andrey Bogdanov yuri Kivshar Nonlinear Physics Centre Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia ITMO University St. Petersburg 197101Russia

We discuss the recent advances in meta-optics and nanophotonics associated with the physics of bound states in the continuum(BICs). Such resonant states appear due to a strong coupling between leaky modes in optical guiding structures being supported by subwavelength high-index dielectric Mieresonant nanoantennas or all-dielectric metasurfaces. First, we review briefly very recent developments in the BIC physics in application to isolated subwavelength particles. We pay a special attention to novel opportunities for nonlinear nanophotonics due to the large field enhancement inside the particle volume creating the resonant states with high-quality(high-Q) factors, the so-called quasi-BIC, that can be supported by the subwavelength particles. Second, we discuss novel applications of the BIC physics to alldielectric optical metasurfaces with broken-symmetry meta-atoms when tuning to the BIC conditions allows to enhance substantially the Q factor of the flat-optics dielectric structures. We also present the original results on nonlinear high-Q metasurfaces and predict that the frequency conversion efficiency can be boosted dramatically by smart engineering of the asymmetry parameter of dielectric metasurfaces in the vicinity of the quasi-BIC regime.

关键词： Bound states in the continuum Meta-optics Second-harmonic generation Nanoresonator Metasurfaces

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