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Countermeasure against blinding attack for single-photon detectors in quantum key distribution

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 76-81页

作者： Lianjun Jiang Dongdong Li yuqiang Fang Meisheng Zhao Ming Liu Zhilin Xie Yukang Zhao Yanlin Tang Wei Jiang Houlin Fang Rui ma Lei Cheng Weifeng Yang Songtao Han Shibiao Tang QuantumCTek Co. Ltd.Hefei 230088China Shandong Institute of Quantum Science and Technology Co. Ltd.Jinan 250101China QuantumCTek(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100193China School of Cyber Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Anhui Armed Police Force Hefei 230026China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting single-photon detectors.Here,we propose a concise,robust defense strategy for protecting single-photon detectors in QKD systems against blinding attacks.Our strategy uses a dual approach:detecting the bias current of the avalanche photodiode(APD)to defend against con-tinuous-wave blinding attacks,and monitoring the avalanche amplitude to protect against pulsed blinding attacks.By integrat-ing these two branches,the proposed solution effectively identifies and mitigates a wide range of bright light injection attempts,significantly enhancing the resilience of QKD systems against various bright-light blinding attacks.This method forti-fies the safeguards of quantum communications and offers a crucial contribution to the field of quantum information security.

关键词： quantum key distribution single photon detector blinding attack pulsed blinding attack countermeasure quan-tum communication

Spiral fractal patterns via hierarchical assembly

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1079-1086页

作者： Li Zhang Ming Deng Yu Duan Xin Wen Yuqian Jiang Hejin Jiang yuqiang ma Minghua Liu Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science(BNLMS) CAS Key Laboratory of ColloidInterface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190China

Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and manifested at various scale from subatom to galaxy.Fractal geometry is also very popular and active in the world.However,there are few reports on the concept of combining fractal patterns and chiral structures in self-assembled systems.It was found that tree-shaped fractal patterns could be self-assembled from the N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]protected glutamic acid(Fmoc-Glu)and zinc-porphyrin(ZnTPyP).The fractal pattern was composed of nanorod aggregate arranged in a spiral fractal way,in which the nanorods were stacked one-by-one in a single direction.The patterns started with the formation of initial nucleon and growing,during which the diffusion limited aggregation(DLA)mechanism led to the fractal patterns.Interestingly,the spiral packing and their branches were closely related to the absolute configuration of Fmoc-Glu that anticlockwise and clockwise arrangement for L-Fmoc-Glu/ZnTPyP and D-Fmoc-Glu/ZnTPyP,respectively.Our work provides a new finding on the spiral fractal pattern via hierarchical self-assembly.

关键词： self-assembly chiral spiral fractal porphyrin

Highly efficient solution-processed organic photovoltaics enabled by improving packing behavior of organic semiconductors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 890-897页

作者： Xinyue Cui Hongxiang Li Hao Lu yuqiang Liu Guangliu Ran Rui Liu Huarui Zhang Xueqing ma Dawei Li Yi Lin Jifa Yu Wenkai Zhang Lei Cai Yahui Liu Pei Cheng Andong Zhang Zaifei ma Guanghao Lu Zhishan Bo College of Textiles and Clothing State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory of Polymer materials Engineering College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum StudiesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage materials College of ChemistryBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Advanced Low-Dimension materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710054China

Solution processability is a unique property of organic semiconductors. The compact and regular π-π stacking between molecules is paramount in the performance of organic optoelectronic devices. However, it is still a challenge to improve their stacking quality without sacrificing the solution-processability from the aspect of materials design. Here, delicately engineered additives are presented to promote the formation of ordered aggregation of conjugated molecules by regulating their nucleation and growth dynamics. Intriguingly, the long-chain BTP-eC9-4F molecules can realize ordered aggregation comparable to short-chain ones without sacrificing processability. The domain size of BTP-eC9-4F aggregation is enlarged from 24.2 to 32.2 nm in blend films.Thereby exciton diffusion and charge transport become faster, contributing to the suppression of recombination losses. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 19.2% is achieved in D18:BTP-eC9-4F based organic photovoltaics. Our findings demonstrate a facile strategy to improve the packing quality of solution-processed organic semiconductors for high-efficiency photovoltaics and beyond photovoltaics.

关键词： organic semiconductor organic photovoltaic charge transport solution processability

Non-equilibrium steady structures of confined liquid crystals driven by a dynamic boundary

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第11期62卷 115-124页

作者： RuiFen Zhang ChunLai Ren JiaWei Feng yuqiang ma National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University

Steady structures originating from dynamic self-assembly have begun to show their advantages in new generation materials, and pose challenges to equilibrium self-assembly. In view of the important role of confinement in self-assembly, here, we propose a new type of confinement leading to dynamic steady structures, which opens a new window for the conventional confinement.In our model, we consider the self-assembly of ellipsoids in 2D circular confinement via the boundary performing periodically stretching and contracting oscillation. Langevin dynamics simulations reveal the achievement of non-equilibrium steady structures under appropriate boundary motions, which are novel smectic structures with stable topological defects. Different from the confinement with a static boundary, ellipsoids close to the boundary have variable orientations depending on the boundary motion.Order-order structural transitions, accompanied by the symmetry change and varied defect number, occur with the change of oscillating amplitude and/or frequency of the boundary. Slow and fast dynamics are distinguished according to whether structural rearrangements and energetic adjustment happen or not. The collective motion of confined ellipsoids, aroused by the work performed on the system, is the key factor determining both the structure and dynamics of the self-assembly. Our results not only achieve novel textures of circular confined liquid crystals, but also inspire us to reconsider the self-assembly within the living organisms.

关键词： dynamic self-assembly confined liquid crystals steady structure collective motion Langevin dynamics simulation

Adhesion of an Ultrasmall Nanoparticle on a Bilayer Membrane is Still Size and Shape Dependent

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 660-663页

作者： Hao Yang Ling Wang Bing Yuan Kai Yang yuqiang ma Center for Soft Condensed matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research College of PhysicsOptoelectronics and EnergySoochow University

It has been found recently that an ultrasmall nanoparticle whose size is smaller than the thickness of a cell membrane has unique roles in biomedical applications including the development of next generation of drugs or advanced nanoscale cargo carriers.However,the effect of physical properties of an ultrasmall nanoparticle on its adhesion to a bilayer membrane,which is a key step for Nano-Bio interaction as well as the biomedical applications,is still largely unknown.By using molecular dynamics,we find that both size and shape of an ultrasmall nanoparticle strongly affect its adhesion states on a bilayer membrane(e.g.,adhesion,separation or entwined by polymer chains).Interestingly,our simulations show that with decreasing particle size,the effect of particle shape becomes even more evident for the adhesion behavior.It is indicated that the competition between nanoparticle-polymer binding and polymer chain deformation,both of which are influenced by particle size and shape,determines the final adhesion states of an ultrasmall nanoparticle.Our results are helpful for the full understanding of interaction mechanism between nanoparticles and cell membranes and the practical applications of such ultrasmall nanoparticles.

关键词： Adhesion Biomaterials Molecular dynamics simulatio

Component reallocation and system replacement maintenance based on availability and cost in series systems

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2022年第6期33卷 1342-1353页

作者： FU yuqiang ma Xiaoyang School of mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Information management Beijing Information Science&Technology UniversityBeijing 100192China

Component reallocation(CR)is receiving increasing attention in many engineering systems with functionally interchangeable and unbalanced degradation components.This paper studies a CR and system replacement maintenance policy of series repairable systems,which undergoes minimal repairs for each emergency failure of components,and considers constant downtime and cost of minimal repair,CR and system replacement.Two binary mixed integer nonlinear programming models are respectively established to determine the assignment of CR,and the uptime right before CR and system replacement with the objective of minimizing the system average maintenance cost and maximizing the system availability.Further,we derive the optimal uptime right before system replacement with maximization of the system availability,and then give the relationship between the system availability and the component failure rate.Finally,numerical examples show that the CR and system replacement maintenance policy can effectively reduce the system average maintenance cost and improve the system availability,and further give the sensitivity analysis and insights of the CR and system replacement maintenance policy.

关键词： component reallocation(CR) system replacement maintenance cost availability binary mixed integer nonlinear programming minimal repair

=unctional interlayer of PVDF-HFP and carbon nanofiber for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries

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Nano Research 2018年第6期11卷 3340-3352页

作者： Anyi Zhang Xin Fang Chenfei Shen Yihang Liu In Gi Seo yuqiang ma Liang Chen Patrick Cottingham Chongwu Zhou Mork Family Department of Chemicol Engineering and materials Science University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California 90089 USA

In the present work we develop a scalable and inexpensive design for lithium- sulfur （Li-S） batteries by capping a flexible gel polymer/carbon nanofiber （CNF） composite membrane onto a free-standing and binder-free CNF ＋ ni2s6 cathode, thus achieving a three-dimensional （3D） structural design. The CNF network is used as the current collector and S holder to overcome the insulating nature and volume expansion of S, while the composite membrane comprises a gel polymer poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene）（PVDF-HFP）, and CNF additive is used as an interlayer to trap polysulfides and recycle the remaining S species, leading to a high specific capacity and long cycle life. This 3D structure enables excellent cyclability for 500 cycles at 0.5℃ with a small capacity decay of 0.092% per cycle. Furthermore, an outstanding cycle stability was also achieved at even higher current densities （1.0 to 2.0℃）, indicating its good potential for practical applications of Li-S batteries.

关键词： lithium-sulfur batteries poly（vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene）（PVDF-HFP） gel polymer electrolyte carbon nanofiber conductive network

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复杂系统与计算统计物理

中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学 2024年第4期54卷 35-44页

作者：徐莉梅金瑜亮孙刚周海军赵鸿马余强北京大学物理学院北京100871 中国科学院理论物理研究所北京100190 北京师范大学物理学系北京100875 厦门大学物理科学与技术学院厦门361005 南京大学物理学院南京210093

用统计物理和计算物理方法研究复杂系统是当前物理科学的重要前沿之一.本文主要针对国家自然科学基金“计算物理”申请代码所覆盖的“复杂系统与计算统计物理”方向的现状和前沿挑战进行简单介绍,探讨新兴领域,并对其未来发展进行展望.

关键词：复杂系统统计物理计算方法无序体系非平衡热力学非线性动力学

巩膜固定囊袋张力环联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位

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国际眼科杂志 2024年第6期24卷 975-979页

作者：马刚刘玉强赵国良付梦军潍坊眼科医院、国家临床重点专科、潍坊市眼科研究所、正大光明眼科集团山东省潍坊市261000 温州医科大学浙江省温州市325027

目的:探讨巩膜固定囊袋张力环(SFCTR)植入联合晶状体超声乳化吸除加人工晶状体(IOL)植入术治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位的临床疗效。方法:连续选取2018-12/2023-02行SFCTR植入联合晶状体超声乳化吸除加IOL植入术治疗的外伤性晶状体半脱位患... 详细信息

目的:探讨巩膜固定囊袋张力环(SFCTR)植入联合晶状体超声乳化吸除加人工晶状体(IOL)植入术治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位的临床疗效。方法:连续选取2018-12/2023-02行SFCTR植入联合晶状体超声乳化吸除加IOL植入术治疗的外伤性晶状体半脱位患者14例14眼。术后随访行视力、眼压、眼前段照相、超声生物显微镜(UBM)等检查,并记录IOL的位置及术后并发症等情况。结果:纳入患者均成功植入SFCTR和囊袋内IOL。术后平均随访1.92±1.36 a,末次随访时,UDVA(0.20±0.18 LogmaR)和CDVA(0.16±0.17 LogmaR)均较术前UDVA(1.13±0.56 LogmaR)显著改善(P<0.01),眼压(17.64±3.67 mmHg)较术前(22.00±9.92 mmHg)降低(P<0.05)。随访期间,裂隙灯检查见IOL位于囊袋内,位置居中;UBM检查见CTR和IOL位于囊袋内,囊袋赤道部与睫状突的距离在各个方向相等。结论:SFCTR植入联合晶状体超声乳化吸除加IOL植入术是治疗外伤性晶状体半脱位的一种微创有效的手术方法。

关键词：超声乳化囊袋张力环晶状体脱位人工晶状体超声生物显微镜