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Distinct SARS-CoV-2 populational immune backgrounds tolerate divergent RBD evolutionary preferences

National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 95-105页

作者： Wentai Ma Haoyi Fu Fanchong Jian yunlong cao Mingkun Li Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciencesand China National Center for Bioinformation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking University Changping Laboratory

Immune evasion is a pivotal force shaping the evolution of viruses. Nonetheless, the extent to which virus evolution varies among populations with diverse immune backgrounds remains an unsolved mystery. Prior to the widespread SARS-CoV-2 infections in December 2022 and January 2023, the Chinese population possessed a markedly distinct(less potent) immune background due to its low infection rate, compared to countries experiencing multiple infection waves, presenting an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how the virus has evolved under different immune contexts. We compared the mutation spectrum and functional potential of the newly derived mutations that occurred in BA.5.2.48, BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.49—variants prevalent in China—with their counterparts in other countries. We found that the emerging mutations in the receptor-binding-domain region in these lineages were more widely dispersed and evenly distributed across different epitopes. These mutations led to a higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2) binding affinity and reduced potential for immune evasion compared to their counterparts in other countries. These findings suggest a milder immune pressure and less evident immune imprinting within the Chinese population. Despite the emergence of numerous immune-evading variants in China, none of them outcompeted the original strain until the arrival of the XBB variant, which had stronger immune evasion and subsequently outcompeted all circulating variants. Our findings demonstrated that the continuously changing immune background led to varying evolutionary pressures on SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in addition to viral genome surveillance, immune background surveillance is also imperative for predicting forthcoming mutations and understanding how these variants spread in the population.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 evolution mutation population immunity

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Safety and Effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray Against COVID-19 Infection in Medical Personnel:An Open-Label,Blank-Controlled Study—Hohhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第10期5卷 218-222页

作者： Shujie Si Canrui Jin Jianping Li yunlong cao Biao Kan Feng Xue Xiaoliang Sunney Xie Liang Fang Gang Zeng Shuo Zhang Yaling Hu Xiaoping Dong Pharmacy Department Inner Mongolia Fourth HospitalHohhot CityInner Mongolia Autonomous RegionChina Clinical Research and Development Department Sinovac Biotech Co.Ltd.BeijingChina Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking UniversityBeijingChina Changping Laboratory BeijingChina State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral DiseasesNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Research and Development Department Sinovac Life Sciences Co.Ltd.BeijingChina Inner Mongolia Blood Center Hohhot CityInner Mongolia Autonomous RegionChina Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan CityHubei ProvinceChina China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences BeijingChina Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety ShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The active ingredient of the SA58 Nasal Spray is a broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody with a high neutralizing capacity against different Omicron subvariants in vitro *** is added by this report?This study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of SA58 Nasal Spray against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection in medical personnel for the first *** are the implications for public health practice?This study provides an effective approach for the public to reduce their risk of COVID-19 *** findings of this research have the potential to significantly reduce the risk of infection and limit human-to-human transmission in the event of a COVID-19 outbreak.

关键词： neutral COV Nasal

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON LUBRICATION BEHAVIOR OF DOUBLE ENVELOPING HOUK GLASSWOKM GEARING

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1996年第1期9卷 57-62页

作者： He Huinong,Zhou Yinsheng,Quan Yongxin,( Zhejiang, University) Wei yunlong, cao Xingjin, (Chongqing, University)

The lubrication behavior of double enveloping hourglass worm gearing is studied experimently. The effects of rotational speed of the worm and load on the formation of the fluid film between engagement tooth surfaces are investigated in detail. and working angle of this worm gearing is also analyzed. Some beneficial results are obtained。

关键词： Double enveloping hourglass worm gearing Lubrication mechanism Working angle Tooth root strain

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific T-cell responses are induced in people living with human immunodeficiency virus after booster vaccination

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第22期137卷 2734-2744页

作者： Xiuwen Wang Yongzheng Li Junyan Jin Xiaoran Chai Zhenglai Ma Junyi Duan Guanghui Zhang Tao Huang Xin Zhang Tong Zhang Hao Wu yunlong cao Bin Su Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Sino-French Joint Laboratory for HIV/AIDS ResearchClinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking UniversityBeijing 100069China Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore Changping Laboratory Beijing 102299China

Background:T-cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the effective clearance of viral infection,but the T-cell-mediated immune responses that are induced by booster doses of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)remain ***:Forty-five PLWH who had received antiretroviral therapy(ART)for more than two years and 29 healthy controls(HCs)at Beijing Youan Hospital were enrolled to assess the dynamic changes in T-cell responses between the day before the third vaccine dose(week 0)and 4 or 12 weeks(week 4 or week 12)after receiving the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 *** cytometry,enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISpot),and multiplex cytokines profiling were used to assess T-cell responses at the three timepoints in this ***:The results of the ELISpot and activation-induced marker(AIM)assays showed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were increased in both PLWH and HCs after the third dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine,and a similar magnitude of immune response was induced against the Omicron(B.1.1.529)variant compared to the wild-type *** detail,spike-specific T-cell responses(measured by the ELISpot assay for interferonγ[IFN-γ]release)in both PLWH and HCs significantly increased in week 4,and the spike-specific T-cell responses in HCs were significantly stronger than those in PLWH 4 weeks after the third *** the AIM assay,spike-specific CD4+T-cell responses peaked in both PLWH and HCs in week ***,significantly higher spike-specific CD8+T-cell responses were induced in PLWH than in HCs in week *** PLWH,the release of the cytokines interleukin-2(IL-2),tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and IL-22 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)that were stimulated with spike peptides increased in week *** addition,the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were higher in PLWH than in HCs in week ***,the magnit

关键词： HIV People living with HIV SARS-CoV-2 vaccine T-cell responses Omicron variant

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Spike N354 glycosylation augments SARS-CoV-2 fitness for human adaptation through structural plasticity

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 80-94页

作者： Pan Liu Can Yue Bo Meng Tianhe Xiao Sijie Yang Shuo Liu Fanchong Jian Qianhui Zhu Yuanling Yu Yanyan Ren Peng Wang Yixin Li Jinyue Wang Xin Mao Fei Shao Youchun Wang Ravindra Kumar Gupta yunlong cao Xiangxi Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of MacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology&Infectious Disease(CITIID) University of Cambridge Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking University Changping Laboratory Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College

Selective pressures have given rise to a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the prolonged course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently evolved variants differ from ancestors in additional glycosylation within the spike protein receptor-binding domain(RBD). Details of how the acquisition of glycosylation impacts viral fitness and human adaptation are not clearly understood. Here, we dissected the role of N354-linked glycosylation, acquired by BA.2.86 sub-lineages, as a RBD conformational control element in attenuating viral infectivity. The reduced infectivity is recovered in the presence of heparin sulfate, which targets the‘N354 pocket’ to ease restrictions of conformational transition resulting in a ‘RBD-up’ state, thereby conferring an adjustable infectivity. Furthermore, N354 glycosylation improved spike cleavage and cell–cell fusion, and in particular escaped one subset of ADCC antibodies. Together with reduced immunogenicity in hybrid immunity background, these indicate a single spike amino acid glycosylation event provides selective advantage in humans through multiple mechanisms.

关键词： coronavirus glycosylation viral fitness adjustable infectivity co-factor usage viral evolution conformational modulator

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Biosafety and immunology:An interdisciplinary field for health priority

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第5期6卷 310-318页

作者： Jun Liu Gary Wong Hui Li Yan Yang Yuxi cao Yongfeng Li Yan Wu Zijie Zhang Cong Jin Xi Wang Yongwen Chen Bin Su Zhongfang Wang Qihui Wang yunlong cao Guobing Chen Zhaohui Qian Jincun Zhao Guizhen Wu NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases(NITFID)Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging VirusesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Virology Unit Institut Pasteur du CambodgePasteur NetworkPhnom Penh 12000Cambodia Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150040China Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciencesand School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource and School of Life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Institute of Immunology PLAThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 200025China Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Guangzhou Laboratory Guangzhou 510005China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Changping Laboratory Beijing 102200China Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis&Infection Prevention and Control(Jinan University) Ministry of EducationDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Geriatric ImmunologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen Biolog

Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection,invasion,or contact with the *** infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the ***,it is essential to investigate the immunological character-istics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more *** and re-emerging infectious diseases,such as the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pan-demic,have raised concerns regarding both biosafety and immunology *** studies involved in biosafety and immunology are relevant in many fields,including the development of vaccines and other immune interventions such as monoclonal antibodies and T-cells,herd immunity(or population-level barrier immunity),immunopathology,and multispecies immunity,i.e.,animals and even ***,advances in immunological science and technology are occurring rapidly,resulting in important research achievements that may contribute to the recognition of emerging biosafety hazards,as well as early warning,prevention,and defense *** review provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of biosafety and *** collaboration and innovative application of immunology in the field of bio-safety is becoming essential for human health.

关键词： Immunology Biosafety Diagnosis Prophylaxis Therapy

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红沿河核电厂1号机组首次18个月换料启动物理试验分析

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核动力工程 2017年第5期38卷 1-3页

作者：张海州曹云龙辽宁红沿河核电有限公司辽宁大连116001

红沿河核电厂1号机组首次实施了18个月换料后启动物理试验。结果表明:18个月换料理论预计值与实测结果符合良好,验证了堆芯换料设计的准确性。将18个月换料与年度换料启动物理试验结果进行了比较,指出18个月换料后堆芯特性的变化并进行... 详细信息

红沿河核电厂1号机组首次实施了18个月换料后启动物理试验。结果表明:18个月换料理论预计值与实测结果符合良好,验证了堆芯换料设计的准确性。将18个月换料与年度换料启动物理试验结果进行了比较,指出18个月换料后堆芯特性的变化并进行了分析。

关键词： 18个月换料启动物理试验

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Comparison of antigen-specific B cell responses reveals disparity in immunogenicity and memory B cell formation across COVID-19 vaccine platforms

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hLife 2024年第12期2卷 626-640页

作者： Chang Guo Xin Chai Maidaiti Baerlike Yingping Liu Yao Wang Fei Shao Qingrui Huang Weiguo Zhang Shan Cen Yijie Dong yunlong cao Jinghua Yan Xuyu Zhou Zhaolin Hua Baidong Hou Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Changping Laboratory BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina RinuaGene Biotechnology Co. Ltd.JiangsuChina Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Various vaccine technologies have been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines,including whole inactivated virus(WIV),recombinant protein,mRNA,and nanoparticle *** elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the immune responses elicited by different vaccines,we examined and compared antigen-specific B cell responses targeting the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the viral spike *** found that the nanoparticle vaccine pathogen-like antigens-RBD(PLA-RBD)and the mRNA vaccine demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared with the WIV vaccine and the RBD-dimer,a recombinant protein ***,the WIV vaccine contains toll-like receptor ligands that enhance IgG2a/c *** the mRNA vaccine,although it induces robust germinal center responses and T follicular helper(Tfh)cells,it has limited ability to induce memory B cells and long-lived plasma *** results indicate that vaccine formats significantly influence both the quantity and quality of immune responses,providing valuable insights for the future development of vaccines.

关键词： the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)inactivated vaccine mRNA vaccine nanoparticle vaccine immunogenicity memory B cells germinal center response

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Aperiodically semi-intermittent-based fixed-time stabilization and synchronization of delayed discontinuous inertial neural networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 238-254页

作者： Guodong ZHANG Jinde cao School of Mathematics and Statistics South-Central Minzu University School of Mathematics Southeast University

This article concentrates on the fixed-time stabilization(FS) and fixed-time synchronization(FTS) of discontinuous inertial neural networks(DINNs) with distributed delays. Using mathematical induction to a new differential equality, a novel fixed-time stability lemma is constructed. Then, by designing an aperiodically semi-intermittent switching control and combining it with the theory of nonsmooth analysis, some novel criteria on the FS and FTS of DINNs are obtained. Unlike the methods used in most existing studies, the FS and FTS results are structured using the newly proposed fixed-time stability lemma and the nonreduced-order approach, resulting in broader practical applications and strengthening the scientific quality of the derived results. Lastly, numerical simulations and applications proffer the effectiveness of the established FS and FTS criteria.

关键词： inertial neural networks fixed-time synchronization semi-intermittent switching control nonreduced-order approach fixed-time stabilization

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CPR1000机组功率量程探测器波动特性分析

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核动力工程 2019年第6期40卷 30-34页

作者：何洋张海州曹云龙王宗魁辽宁红沿河核电有限公司辽宁大连116001 中核核电运行管理有限公司浙江海盐314300

以工程实践为基础,通过大量的数据调查分析,总结了功率量程探测器(PRC)的波动特性,提出了功率量程波动的部分规律。基于其波动规律,对如何挖掘发电裕度给出了建议;同时针对功率量程波动研究中的部分问题,提出了可能的研究方向。

关键词：堆外探测器功率量程波动

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