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Probing quantum causality with geometric asymmetry in spatial-temporal correlations

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 294-305页

作者： Yu MENG Zheng-Hao LIU Zhikuan ZHAO Peng YIN Yi-Tao WANG Wei LIU Zhi-Peng LI yuan-ze yang Zhao-An WANG Jin-Shi XU Shang YU Jian-Shun TANG Chuan-Feng LI Guang-Can GUO CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Computer Science Eidgen?ssische Technische Hochschule Zürich Hefei National Laboratory Department of Physics Imperial College London Research Center for Quantum Sensing Zhejiang Lab

Causation promotes the understanding of correlation to an advanced stage by elucidating its underlying mechanism. Although statisticians have specified the possible causal relations among correlations,inferring causal structures is impossible from only the observed correlations in the classical world. Quantum correlations encapsulating the most defining aspects of quantum physics have taken a new turn for the causal inference problem — the two-point spatial and temporal quantum correlations with observationally discernible characteristics correspond exactly to the two most basic causal structures. However, a direct causal interpretation for quantum correlations has only been established in very limited cases. Here, we explore to what extent quantum correlations promote causal inference. Theoretically, we have found that the distinguishable causal regime of two-point Pauli correlations can be expanded from a single value to an asymmetric interval, and the causal structures determining the quantum correlations can be interpreted by a simple distance criterion. Experimentally, we have devised and implemented a versatile non-unital quantum channel in an optical architecture to directly observe such an asymmetric interval. The setup enabled quantum causal inference without any requirement of active intervention, which is impossible in the classical realm. Our work facilitates the identification of causal links among quantum variables and provides insight into characterizing causation and spatial-temporal correlation in quantum mechanics.

关键词： causality quantum information quantum channel channel-state duality non-unital channel

A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 672-681页

作者： Shang Yu Wei Liu Si-Jing Tao Zhi-Peng Li Yi-Tao Wang Zhi-Peng Zhong Raj BPatel Yu Meng yuan-ze yang Zhao-An Wang Nai-Jie Guo Xiao-Dong zeng Zhe Chen Liang Xu Ning Zhang Xiao Liu Mu yang Wen-Hao Zhang Zong-Quan Zhou Jin-Shi Xu Jian-Shun Tang Yong-Jian Han Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China. Research Center for Quantum Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 310000China. Quantum Optics and Laser Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonPrince Consort RdLondon SW72AZUK. Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsOxford UniversityParks Road OX13PUOxfordUK

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique *** decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been *** is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world ***,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a *** we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and *** order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable *** current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

关键词： quantum signature chaos

Multiple liver metastases of unknown origin:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第1期17卷 233-238页

作者： Ying-Jin Wang ze-Chuan Liu Jian Wang Yin-Mo yang Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China

BACKGROUND The liver is the most common site of digestive system tumor metastasis,but not all liver metastases can be traced back to the primary *** it is unusual,syphilis can impact the liver,manifesting as syphilitic hepatitis with inflammatory nodules,which might be misdiagnosed as *** SUMMARY This case report involves a 46-year-old female who developed right upper abdominal pain and intermittent low fever that persisted for more than three *** definitive diagnosis of a tumor had been made in the past decades,but signs of multiple liver metastases were recognized after a computed tomo-graphy scan without evidence of primary *** positive serological tests for syphilis and a biopsy of the liver nodules,a diagnosis of hepatic syphilis was made and confirmed with follow-up nodule reduction after anti-syphilis *** Clinicians must be aware of the possibility that syphilis can cause hepatic inflam-matory masses,especially when liver metastasis is suspected without evidence of primary lesions.A definitive diagnosis should be established in conjunction with a review of the patient’s medical history for accurate therapeutic intervention.

关键词： Syphilitic hepatitis Liver nodules Liver metastasis Treponema pallidum Case report

In situ measurement of environmental γ radiation dose rates of key nuclides for large radioactive surface sources

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 69-79页

作者： ze-Qian Wu Jian Sun Wei-Qi Huang Bai-Rong Wang Jin-Xing Cheng Jiang-Feng Wu Yong-Hong Wang Biao yuan Sheng Qi Kun Shan Institute of NBC Defence Beijing 102205China Beijing New-High Technology Academy Beijing 100094China

To monitor nuclear and radiation emergencies,it is crucial to obtain accurate in situ measurements of the environmentalγ radiation dose rate from key radionuclides,particularly for large radioactive surface *** methods currently used for measuring dose rates are inadequate for obtaining the dose rates of key radionuclides and have large angular response errors when monitoring surface *** address this practical problem,this study proposes three methods for measuring the dose rate:the weighted peak total ratio,mean value regression,and numerical integration *** methods are based on energy-spectrum measurement data,and they were theoretically derived and numerically ***,a 1-m-long hexagonal radioactive surface source was integrated into a larger surface *** situ measurement experiments were conducted on a large radioactive surface source using a dose-rate meter and a portable HPGespectrometer to analyze the errors of the three aforementioned methods and verify their validity.

关键词： Environmentalγradiation dose rate HPGespectrometer Key radionuclides Radioactive surface source

Improved oxygen electrocatalysis at Fe N4 and Co N4 sites via construction of axial coordination

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 482-487页

作者： ze Zhang Lei yang Jin-Ru Liu Hao Hu Jian-Li Mi Chao Su Bei-Bei Xiao Zhi-Min Ao School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal University

The quest for efficient and durable catalysts using abundant resources has garnered significant interest in the field of bifunctional oxygen *** this contribution,we have designed a FeN4or CoN4embedded graphene-based bilayer as active layer and TMC3or TMN3doped graphene as supporting layer,named as FeN4/TMC3or FeN4/TMN3and CoN4/TMC3or CoN4/TMN3,wherein TM strands for transition *** on density functional theory calculations,our results demonstrate that the interaction formed between dual metal atoms in the bilayer interspace leads to the coordination environment altered from flat four-coordination to spatial five-coordination,further stabilizing the bilayer structure and impairing its affinity toward the O-containing *** to thermodynamic analysis,the bilayers of CoN4/CoN3,FeN4/FeC3,FeN4/CoC3,FeN4/NiC3,FeN4/ZnC3,FeN4/FeN3,FeN4/CrN3and FeN4/ZnN3are attractively promising for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis due to the small overpotential differenceΔη between oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution that are less than 1 *** functional theory calculations combined with machine learning analysis directly identify the key role played by the interbinding formed between bilayers,that boosts catalytic activity,which establishes a predictable framework for a fast screen for graphene-based bilayer vertical *** work opens up a new path for designing the efficient electrocatalysts via modification of coordination environment.

关键词： Density functional theory Machine learning Oxygen electrocatalysis Thermodynamic analysis

Strength through unity: Alkaline phosphatase-responsive AIEgen nanoprobe for aggregation-enhanced multi-mode imaging and photothermal therapy of metastatic prostate cancer

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 289-296页

作者： ze Wang Hao Liang Annan Liu Xingchen Li Lin Guan Lei Li Liang He Andrew K.Whittaker Bai yang Quan Lin State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Department of Endocrinology Lequn Branch the First Hospital of Jilin University Department of Urology the First Hospital of Jilin University Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology the University of Queensland

Prostate cancer(PCa) is characterized by high incidence and propensity for easy metastasis, presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Tumor microenvironment(TME)-responsive nanomaterials provide a promising prospect for imaging-guided precision therapy. Considering that tumor-derived alkaline phosphatase(ALP) is over-expressed in metastatic PCa, it makes a great chance to develop a theranostics system with ALP responsive in the TME. Herein, an ALP-responsive aggregationinduced emission luminogens(AIEgens) nanoprobe AMNF self-assembly was designed for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic PCa. The nanoprobe exhibited self-aggregation in the presence of ALP resulted in aggregation-induced fluorescence, and enhanced accumulation and prolonged retention period at the tumor site. In terms of detection, the fluorescence(FL)/computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance(MR) multi-mode imaging effect of nanoprobe was significantly improved post-aggregation, enabling precise diagnosis through the amalgamation of multiple imaging modes. Enhanced CT/MR imaging can achieve assist preoperative tumor diagnosis, and enhanced FL imaging technology can achieve “intraoperative visual navigation”, showing its potential application value in clinical tumor detection and surgical guidance. In terms of treatment, AMNF showed strong absorption in the near infrared region after aggregation, which improved the photothermal treatment effect. Overall, our work developed an effective aggregation-enhanced theranostic strategy for ALP-related cancers.

关键词： AIE ALP responsive Enhanced multi-mode imaging Enhanced photothermal therapy Prostate cancer

Emerging progress:photochemical transformation of nitroso compounds

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 118-133页

作者： ze-Le Chen Qiang-Qiang Li Armido Studer Jun Xuan Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials School of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universitat MünsterMunster 48149Germany

Nitroso compounds have emerged as highly valuable reaction partners or reagents in organic synthesis due to their rich *** versatile profile of these compounds allows them to function as electrophiles,nucleophiles,diradicals,and radical acceptors in diverse *** recent years,notable progress has been made in harnessing photochemical reactions with nitroso compounds to prepare N,O-containing structures using mild and eco-friendly *** nitroso compounds like nitrosoarenes,acyloxy nitroso compounds,N-nitrosoamines and nitrites have received significant attention for their ability to introduce NO moieties into complex molecules that are otherwise difficult to *** this review,we provide an overview of the recent advancements in the visible light-induced conversion of nitroso compounds,with particular emphasis on their role as bifunctional reagents and acceptors of radicals,carbenes and nitrenes.

关键词： nitroso compounds photochemistry radical reaction carbene transformation nitrosoarenes

Identification of a dual functional betulinic acid analog for the treatment of osteoarthritis by phenotypic screening

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 300-302页

作者： ze-Min Lin Mai Xiang Wen-Hui Wei Shu-Hui Fan Li Chen Jie Wang Xiao-Qian yang Chun-Hao yang Shi-Jun He Jian-Ping Zuo Laboratory of Immunopharmacology State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Department of Medicinal ChemistryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Experiment Center for Science and Technology Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

Dear Editor,Phenotypic drug discovery,which observes compound effects on physiology,has given way to targeting specific molecules,but has revived by using modern methods to find drugs based on therapeutic outcomes in disease models(Vincent et al.,2022).Osteoarthritis(OA)is a prevalent chronic joint disorder,primarily affecting knee joints,with osteoclast activation due to low-grade inflammation resulting in increased bone resorption and structural changes in the joint(Katz et al.,2021).This imbalance and the discharge of inflammatory mediators perpetuate the cycle of inflammation and tissue ***,controlling inflammation and modulating osteoclastogenesis are critical therapeutic targets for managing OA.

关键词： inflammation drugs

Association between fresh fruit intake and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes: A prospective cohort study

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2025年第2期138卷 2024 Dec 10页

作者： Fang Xin Zhang Xingyi yang ze Zhang Yefa Huang Shaofeng Chen Tiehui Yu Ling Zhong Wenling Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Fuzhou Fujian China National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Research for Cardiovascular Medications State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China Department of Cardiology Fujian Provincial Hospital Fuzhou Fujian China