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Plant phenolics mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 170-184页

作者： Hong-yu Yan Hong-Gang Guo yu-cheng sun Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites,which play important roles in the interactions among plants,herbivorous insects and natural ***,few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri-trophic interactions under elevated CO2(eCO2).In this study,we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes oiAcyrthosiphon pisum(pink ***)and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open-top *** results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate,nodule number,yield and the total phenolic content of ***2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of ***;the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance,fecundity,growth and feeding efficiency,while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein ***,eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of *** independent of aphid ***2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype,but little difference,except for increased percentage of females,was observed in *** under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype,indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid *** concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and *** results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic *** results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.

关键词： Acyrthosiphon pisum:Aphidius avenae elevated CO2 Medicago truncatula' phenolics tri-trophic level

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Effects of elevated CO2 and plant genotype on interactions among cotton, aphids and parasitoids

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 451-461页

作者： yu-cheng sun Li Feng Feng Gao Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China

Effects of CO2 level （ambient vs. elevated） on the interactions among three cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） genotypes, the cotton aphid （Aphis gossypii Glover）, and its hymenoptera parasitoid （Lysiphlebiajaponica Ashrnead） were quantified. It was hypothesized that aphid-parasitoid interactions in crop systems may be altered by elevated CO2, and that the degree of change is influenced by plant genotype. The cotton genotypes had high （M9101）, medium （HZ401） and low （ZMS13） gossypol contents, and the response to elevated CO2 was genotype-specific. Elevated C02 increased the ratio of total non-structural carbohydrates to nitrogen （TNC ： N） in the high-gossypol genotype and the mediumgossypol genotype. For all three genotypes, elevated CO2 had no effect on concentrations of gossypol and condensed tannins. A. gossypii fitness declined when aphids were reared on the high-gossypol genotype versus the low-gossypol genotype under elevated CO2. Furthermore, elevated CO2 decreased the developmental time of L. japonica associated with the high-gossypol genotype and the low-gossypol genotype, but did not affect parasitism or emergence rates. Our study suggests that the abundance of A. gossypii on cotton will not be directly affected by increases in atmospheric CO2. We speculate that A. gossypii may diminish in pest status in elevated COz and high-gossypol genotype environments because of reduced fitness to the high-gossypol genotype and shorter developmental time of L. japonica.

关键词： Aphis gossypii cotton genotype elevated CO2 gossypol Lysiphlebiajaponica tritrophic interaction

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Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Foliar Chemistry of Transgenic Bt Cotton

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1361-1369页

作者： Gang Wu Fa-Jun Chen Feng Ge yu-cheng sun National Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Entomology Co//ege of P/ant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Biology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

A field study was carried out to quantify plant growth and the foliar chemistry of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton （cv. GK-12） exposed to ambient CO2 and elevated （double-ambient） CO2 for different lengths of time （1, 2 and 3 months） in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf chemistry of transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly, higher plant height and leaf area per plant were observed after cotton plants that were grown in elevated CO2 were compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 for 1, 2 and 3 months in the investigation. Simultaneously, significant interaction between CO2 level x investigating year was observed in leaf area per plant. Moreover, foliar total amino acids were increased by 14%, 13%, 11% and 12%, 14%, 10% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Condensed tannin occurrence increased by 17%, 11%, 9% in 2004 and 12%, 11%, 9% in 2005 in transgenic Bt cotton after being exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for the same time. However, Bt toxin decreased by 3.0%, 2.9%, 3.1% and 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.9% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3months compared with ambient CO2 for same time in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Furthermore, there was prominent interaction on the foliar total amino acids between the CO2 level and the time of cotton plant being exposed to elevated CO2. It is presumed that elevated CO2 can alter the plant growth and hence ultimately the phenotype allocation to foliar chemistical components of transgenic Bt cotton, which may in turn, affect the plant-herbivore interactions.

关键词： elevated CO2 growth leaf chemistry open-top chamber transgenic Bt cotton.

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A Proposal of Adaptive PID Controller Based on Reinforcement Learning

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2007年第1期17卷 40-44页

作者： WANG Xue-song cheng yu-hu sun Wei School of Information and Electrical Engineering China Universi~ of Mining ＆ Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 China

Aimed at the lack of self-tuning PID parameters in conventional PID controllers, the structure and learning algorithm of an adaptive PID controller based on reinforcement learning were proposed. Actor-Critic learning was used to tune PID parameters in an adaptive way by taking advantage of the model-free and on-line learning properties of reinforcement learning effectively. In order to reduce the demand of storage space and to improve the learning efficiency, a single RBF neural network was used to approximate the policy function of Actor and the value function of Critic simultaneously. The inputs of RBF network are the system error, as well as the first and the second-order differences of error. The Actor can realize the mapping from the system state to PID parameters, while the Critic evaluates the outputs of the Actor and produces TD error. Based on TD error performance index and gradient descent method, the updating rules of RBF kernel function and network weights were given. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is efficient for complex nonlinear systems and it is perfectly adaptable and strongly robust, which is better than that of a conventional PID controller.

关键词： reinforcement learning Actor-Critic learning adaptive PID control RBF network

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How does atmospheric elevated CO2 affect crop pests and their natural enemies？ Case histories from China

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 393-400页

作者： yu-cheng sun Jin Yin Fa-Jun Chen Gang Wu Feng Ge State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Department of Entomology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing College of Plant Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

Global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have risen rapidly since the Industrial Revolution and are considered as a primary factor in climate change. The effects of elevated CO2 on herbivore insects were found to be primarily through the CO2-induced changes occurring in their host plants, which then possibly affect the intensity and frequency of pest outbreaks on crops. This paper reviews several ongoing research models using primary pests of crops （cotton bollworm, whitefly, aphids） and their natural enemies （ladybeetles, parasitoids） in China to examine insect responses to elevated CO2. It is generally indicated that elevated CO2 prolonged the development of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, a chewing insect, by decreasing the foliar nitrogen of host plants. In contrast, the phloemsucking aphid and whitefly insects had species-specific responses to elevated CO2 because of complex interactions that occur in the phloem sieve elements of plants. Some aphid species, such as cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii and wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae, were considered to represent the only feeding guild to respond positively to elevated CO2 conditions. Although whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a major vector of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, had neutral response to elevated CO2, the plants became less vulnerable to the virus infection under elevated CO2. The predator and parasitoid response to elevated CO2 were frequently idiosyncratic. These documents from Chinese scientists suggested that elevated CO2 initially affects the crop plant and then cascades to a higher trophic level through the food chain to encompass herbivores （pests）, their natural enemies, pathogens and underground nematodes, which disrupt the natural balance observed previously in agricultural ecosystems.

关键词： aphid cotton bollworm elevated CO2 fitness whitefly

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Selecting baseline designs using a minimum aberration criterion when some two-factor interactions are important

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2021年第2期5卷 95-101页

作者： Anqi Chen cheng-yu sun Boxin Tang Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada

This article considers the problem of selecting two-level designs under the baseline parameterisation when some two-factor interactions are *** propose a minimum aberration criterion,which minimises the bias caused by the non-negligible *** this criterion,a class of optimal designs can be further distinguished from one another,and we present an algorithm to find the minimum aberration designs among the D-optimal ***-run and twenty-run designs are summarised for practical use.

关键词： Efficiency criterion fractional factorial design isomorphic design isomorphic model orthogonal array robust parameter design

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Image processing based three-dimensional model reconstruction for cross-platform numerical simulation

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China Foundry 2023年第2期20卷 139-147页

作者： yu-cheng sun yu-hang Huang Na Li Xiao Han Ai-long Jiang Jin-wu Kang Ji-wu Wang Hai-liang yu State Key Laboratory of Engine Reliability Weichai Power Co.Ltd.Weifang 261061ShandongChina School of Mechanical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 41000China School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Numerical simulation is the most powerful computational and analysis tool for a large variety of engineering and physical *** a complex problem relating to multi-field,multi-process and multi-scale,different computing tools have to be developed so as to solve particular fields at different scales and for different ***,the integration of different types of software is ***,it is difficult to perform the transfer of the meshes and simulated results among software packages because of the lack of shared data formats or encrypted data *** image processing based method for three-dimensional model reconstruction for numerical simulation was proposed,which presents a solution to the integration problem by a series of slice or projection images obtained by the post-processing modules of the numerical simulation *** means of mapping image pixels to meshes of either finite difference or finite element models,the geometry contour can be extracted to export the stereolithography *** values of results,represented by color,can be deduced and assigned to the *** the models with data can be directly or indirectly integrated into other software as a continued or new numerical *** three-dimensional reconstruction method has been validated in numerical simulation of castings and case studies were provided in this study.

关键词： cross-platform numerical simulation 3D model reconstruction image processing slice

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Quantitative models for microstructure and thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron cylinder block based on cooling rate

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China Foundry 2021年第1期18卷 52-59页

作者： Qing-yi Liu Xiao-fu Zhang yu-cheng sun Ai-long Jiang Ji-chao Li Hong-liang Zheng Xue-lei Tian State Key Laboratory of Engine Reliability Weichai Power Co.Ltd.Weifang261001China Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China

The relationships of cooling rate with microstructure and thermal conductivity of vermicular graphite cast iron(VGI) cylinder block were studied, which are important for design and optimization of the casting process of VGI cylinder blocks. Cooling rates at different positions in the cylinder block were calculated based on the cooling curves recorded with a solidification simulation software. The metallographic structure and thermal conductivity were observed and measured using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electrical microscopy(SEM) and laser flash diffusivity apparatus, respectively. The effects of the cooling rate on the vermicularity, total and average areas of all graphite particles, and the pearlite fraction in the VGI cylinder block were investigated. It is found that the vermicularity changes in parabola trend with the increase of cooling rate. The total area of graphite particles and the cooling rate at eutectoid stage can be used to predict pearlite fraction well. Moreover, it is found that the thermal conductivity at room temperature is determined by the average area of graphite particles and pearlite fraction when the range of vermicularity is from 80% to 93%. Finally, the quantitative models are established to calculate the vermicularity, pearlite fraction, and thermal conductivity of the VGI cylinder block.

关键词： vermicular graphite cast iron cylinder block quantitative model cooling rate thermal conductivity

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Boosting bidirectional sulfur conversion enabled by introducing boron-doped atoms and phosphorus vacancies in Ni2P for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 760-769页

作者： Lin Peng yu Bai Hang Li Meixiu Qu Zhenhua Wang Kening sun Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox ***,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni2P by concurrently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P （Vp-B-Ni2P）,thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur *** study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides （LiPSs） as well as expediting the bidirectional conversion kinetics of sulfur ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation ***,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni2P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g-1at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm-2under E/S of 5μL mg-1and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg *** work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide collaboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur conversion.

关键词： Lithium sulfur batteries

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Fluorinated poly(p-triphenylene isatin) anion exchange membranes based on hydrophilic hydroxyl side chain modulation for fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 702-709页

作者： Yiman Gu Yanchao Zhang Zhanyu Li Yijia Lei Baozeng sun Xiaoyu yu Zhe Wang College of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology College of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Membrane Materials of Jilin Province

The development of alkaline fuel cells is moving forward at an accelerated pace,and the application of ether-free bonded polymers to anion exchange membranes （AEMs） has been widely ***,the question of the“trade-off”between AEM ionic conductivity and dimensional stability remains *** strategy of inducing microphase separation to improve the performance of AEM has attracted much attention recently,but the design of optimal molecular structures is still being ***,this work introduced different ratios of 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone （x=40,50,and 60） into the main chain of poly（p-terphenylene isatin）.Because fluorinated groups have excellent hydrophobicity,hydrophilic hydroxyl-containing side chains are introduced to jointly adjust the formation of phase separation *** results show that PTI-PTF50-NOH AEM with the appropriate fluorinated group ratio has the best ionic conductivity and alkali stability under the combined effect of *** has an ionic conductivity of 133.83 mS cm-1at 80°*** addition,the OH-conductivity remains at 89%of the initial value at 80°C and 3 M KOH for 1056 h of *** cell polarization curve based on PTI-PTF50-NOH shows a power density of 734.76 mW cm-2at a current density of 1807.7 mA cm-2.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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