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General Automatic Solution Generation for Social Problems

Machine Intelligence Research 2025年第1期22卷 145-159页

作者： Tong Niu Haoyu Huang yu Du Weihao Zhang Luping Shi Rong zhao Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research(CBICR) Optical Memory National Engineering Research Centerand Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China THU-CET HIK Joint Research Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Beijing100084China

Given the escalating intricacy and multifaceted nature of contemporary social systems,manually generating solutions to address pertinent social issues has become a formidable *** response to this challenge,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has spurred the exploration of computational methodologies aimed at automatically generating ***,current methods for the auto-generation of solutions mainly concentrate on local social regulations that pertain to specific ***,we report an automatic social operating system(ASOS)designed for general social solution generation built upon agent-based models that enables both global and local analyses and regulations of social problems across spatial and temporal *** adopts a hypergraph with extensible social semantics for a comprehensive and structured representation of social *** also incorporates a generalized protocol for standardized hypergraph operations and a symbolic hybrid framework that delivers interpretable solutions,yielding a balance between regulatory efficacy and functional *** demonstrate the effectiveness of the ASOS,we apply it to the domain of averting extreme events within international oil futures *** generating a new trading role supplemented by new mechanisms,ASOS can adeptly discern precarious market conditions and make front-running interventions for nonprofit *** study demonstrated that ASOS provides an efficient and systematic approach for generating solutions for enhancing our society.

关键词： General automatic generation global-local regulation hypergraph social representation symbolic hybrid scheme generalized operation protocol

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Recent Advances in Artificial Sensory Neurons:Biological Fundamentals,Devices,Applications,and Challenges

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 168-216页

作者： Shuai Zhong Lirou Su Mingkun Xu Desmond Loke Bin yu Yishu Zhang Rong zhao Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology HengqinZhuhai 519031People’s Republic of China College of Integrated Circuits Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 3112000People’s Republic of China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Center for Brain‑Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power *** fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential *** including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area *** efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory *** can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory *** review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory *** starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial ***,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also ***,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Emerging devices Artificial sensory neurons Spiking neural networks Neuromorphic sensing

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Failure mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs irradiated by high-energy heavy ions with and without bias

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 49-58页

作者： pei-pei Hu Li-Jun Xu Sheng-Xia Zhang Peng-Fei Zhai Ling Lv Xiao-yu Yan Zong-Zhen Li Yan-Rong Cao Xue-Feng Zheng Jian Zeng yuan He Jie Liu Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Wide Band‑gap Semiconductor Materials Ministry of EducationXidian UniversityXi’an 710071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100049China

Gallium nitride(GaN)-based devices have significant potential for space ***,the mechanisms of radiation damage to the device,particularly from strong ionizing radiation,remains *** study investigates the effects of radiation on p-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs).Under a high voltage,the HEMT leakage current increased sharply and was accompanied by a rapid increase in power density that caused"thermal burnout"of the *** addition,a burnout signature appeared on the surface of the burned devices,proving that a single-event burnout effect ***,degradation,including an increase in the on-resistance and a decrease in the breakdown voltage,was observed in devices irradiated with high-energy heavy ions and without *** latent tracks induced by heavy ions penetrated the heterojunction interface and extended into the GaN ***,a new type of N_(2)bubble defect was discovered inside the tracks using Fresnel *** accumulation of N_(2)bubbles in the heterojunction and buffer layers is more likely to cause leakage and *** study indicates that electrical stress accelerates the failure rate and that improving heat dissipation is an effective reinforcement method for GaN-based devices.

关键词： GaN HEMTs Heavy ions Single-event burnout Latent tracks Degradation

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High-temperature-tolerant flexible supercapacitors: Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 426-457页

作者： Chong Peng Xinyi Huang Mingwei zhao Shuling Liao Quanhong Yang Nianjun Yang Siyu yu School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715 China Nanoyang Group Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy StorageSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technologyand Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072 China Department of Chemistry&IMO–IMOMEC Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek 3590Belgium Received 26 July 2024Revised 19 Aug

The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and *** review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.

关键词： Flexible supercapacitors High-temperature tolerance Gel polymer electrolytes Electrode materials

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The effects of 17β-trenbolone and bisphenol A on sexual behavior and social dominance via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 54-67页

作者： Xiang Zuo Minghe Sun Huijuan Bai Shuhui Zhang Jialu Luan Qian yu Zhenhua Fu Qili zhao Mingzhu Sun Xin zhao Xizeng Feng College of Life Science State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Institute of Robotics&Automatic Information System College of Artificial IntelligenceNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

17β-Trenbolone(17-TB)is well documented as an environmental endocrine disruptor in aquatic biological studies,but its effects on mammals remain poorly ***,17-TB acts as a hormone with properties similar to testosterone,and the consequences of juvenile exposure on adult social behavior remain *** A(BPA)acts as an estrogen-like hormone,compared to ***-week-old male Balb/c mice were exposed orally to 17-TB(100μg/(kg·day))and BPA(4 mg/(kg·day))for 28 *** of social interactions and a three-chamber test showed that 17-TB increased virility in male mice,intensified both male and female sexual behavior,and attracted and accepted female *** also increased social dominance through tube tests inmalemice and markedly activated the c-Fos^(+)immune response in themedial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and basal amygdala(BLA).ELISA data showed that 17-TB and BPA exposure significantly affected serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),growth hormone(GH),estradiol(E2),and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels,as well as testicular lesions and androgen receptor(ARβ)and estrogen receptor(ERα)*** transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that could disrupt steroid synthesis and linoleic acid-related biometabolic *** findings suggest the influence of 17-TB and BPA exposure on sexual behavior and fertility in male mice,possibly through modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal *** study provides insights relevant to human reproductive health and neuro-social behavioral research,and the potential risk of environmental disturbances should not be overlooked.

关键词： 17β-Trenbolone(17-TB) Bisphenol A(BPA) hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis(HPG) Sex hormones Social dominance Sexual behavior

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Protein nanoparticles as potent delivery vehicles for polycytosine RNA-binding protein one

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 222-225页

作者： Zi-yu zhao pei-Li Luo Xia Guo Zheng-Wei Huang State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative DrugsCollege of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511436Guangdong ProvinceChina

Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions,reflecting diabetes *** condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1(PCBP1).Additionally,Ma et al used a lentivirus infection system to express *** the authors’method of administration can be improved in terms of stability and cost,we propose delivering PCBP1 to treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by encapsulating it in protein ***,PCBP1 is small and ***,intravenous injection can help deliver PCBP1 across the mucosa while avoiding acid and enzyme-catalyzed ***,incorporating PCBP1 into nanoparticles prevents its interaction with water or oxygen and protects PCBP1’s structure and ***,the safety of the protein materials and the industrialization techniques for large-scale production of protein nanoparticles must be comprehensively investigated before clinical application.

关键词： Polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1 Protein nanoparticle Osteoblast Ferroptosis Diabetes

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Direct seawater splitting for hydrogen production:Recent advances in materials synthesis and technological innovation

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 11-33页

作者： Yilin zhao Zhipeng yu Aimin Ge Lujia Liu Joaquim Luis Faria Guiyin Xu Meifang Zhu State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-dimension MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL) Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga4715-330Portugal The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellington6012New Zealand LSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr.Roberto Frias s/nPorto4200-465Portugal ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr.Roberto Frias s/nPorto4200-465Portugal

Direct seawater splitting has emerged as a popular and promising research direction for synthesising clean,green,non-polluting,and sustainable hydrogen energy without depending on high-purity water in the face of the world’s shortage of fossil ***,efficient seawater splitting is hindered by slow kinetics caused by the ultra-low conductivity and the presence of bacteria,microorganisms,and stray ions in ***,producing hydrogen on an industrial scale is challenging due to the high production *** present review addresses these challenges from the catalyst point of view,namely,that designing catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability can directly affect the rate and effect of seawater *** the ion transfer perspective,designing membranes can block harmful ions,improving the stability of seawater *** the energy point of view,mixed seawater systems and self-powered systems also provide new and low-energy research systems for seawater ***,ideas and directions for further research on direct seawater splitting in the future are pointed out,with the aim of achieving low-cost and high-efficiency hydrogen production.

关键词： Seawater splitting Catalyst Membranes Mixed seawater systems Self-powered systems

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Auxiliary ligand-induced assembly of atomically precise silver clusters

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 580-589页

作者： Yeqin Feng Xuemeng Jing Fangyu Fu Mengyun zhao Manzhou Chi Hongjin Lv Guo-yu Yang MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectroic/Electrophotonic Conversion MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 102488China

Establishing the correlation between inter-cluster assembly and auxiliary ligands at the atomic level is crucial for the development of metal cluster *** this work,we report the successful preparation and characterization of three Ag clusters,discrete 0-D Ag_(51)S_(6)Cl_(3)(i PrS)_(21)(TsO)_(15)CH_(3)CN(0-D Ag_(51),i PrS–=isopropanethiolate,TsO–=toluenesulfonate),1-D{Ag_(38)S_(4)-(i PrS)_(18)(PhCOO)_(12)}n(1-D Ag_(38),PHCOO–=benzoate),and 2-D{Ag_(2)0(SO_(4))Cl_(2)(i PrS)10(NO_(3))6}n(2-D Ag_(20)),using a delicate auxiliary-ligand-induced *** analyses reveal that the types of auxiliary ligands can readily affect the structure and dimensionality of resulting Ag *** addition of different surface auxiliary ligands from TsO–to PhCOO–and then to NO_(3)–leads to the formation of 0-D Ag_(51) to 1-D Ag_(38) and then to 2-D Ag_(2)0 clusters under otherwise identical reaction conditions,*** resulting Ag clusters exhibited structure-related optical/luminescence properties and distinct bathochromic shifts as revealed by the temperature-dependent luminescence and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

关键词： silver(I)clusters auxiliary ligand effect silver cluster synthesis luminescence

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Comparisons of{100}texture improvement and formability in hot-rolled non-oriented electrical steel by austenite-ferrite phase transformation and shear deformation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 171-185页

作者： Chi-hao yu Hong-jiang Pan Yan-ping zhao De-ting Tang Hai-jun Wang Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093YunnanChina School of Electronics and Information Engineering Anshun UniversityAnshun561000GuizhouChina School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243032AnhuiChina

Over the years,the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of{100}texture derived from its austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling(phase transformation(PT)method).However,it is still undetermined without straightforward experimental *** reason for{100}texture improvement of Mn-added electrical steel is experimentally confirmed due to the recrystallization induced by the austenite-ferrite phase transformation during hot ***,a more promising methodology to further improve{100}texture and formability of hot-rolled electrical steel is promoted by the control of hot rolling deformation condition(shear deformation(SD)method).The results show that the nucleation mechanisms of{100}oriented recrystallized grains are different in the samples by SD and PT methods,which are in-depth shear deformation and austenite-ferrite phase transformation,*** this case,coarse{100}oriented recrystallized grains and low residual stress are obtained in the sample by SD method,which is responsible for its superior{100}texture and *** contrast,the sample by PT method forms fine recrystallized grains with random orientations and accumulates severe residual stress.

关键词： Non-oriented electrical steel {100}texture Formability Austenite-ferrite phase transformation Shear deformation

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Oxygen vacancies enriched Ir/WOx catalysts for the directly chem-catalytic conversion of cellulose to ethanol

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 88-99页

作者： yu-Jing Weng zhao-Ying Ding Ying-Chao Li yuan-Feng Wu yuan-Yang Xu Rui Chen Xiao-Lei zhao Hai-Yong Wang Da-Lei Zhang yu-Long Zhang Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion and International Joint Laboratory of Coal Clean Utilization College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Liaoning Institute of Energy Technology

Tungsten and its oxides are highly versatile catalysts with unique properties that hold great promise for a wide array of applications,including biological pathways and chemical *** chemo-catalysis of cellulose to ethanol presents a promising avenue for ethanol synthesis with the potential for enhanced efficiency compared to conventional methods,offering a sustainable and carbon-neutral alternative to existing petrochemical and biological ***,Ir/WOxcatalysts enriched with oxygen vacancies were meticulously prepared and demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance in converting cellulose to ethanol directly in the presence of tungstic *** catalyst achieved a high ethanol yield of 66.5%under optimal reaction conditions,approaching the theoretical yield limit of traditional ethanol *** results revealed the presence of oxygen defects,Bronsted/Lewis acidity,and Ir nanoclusters on the catalyst surface,working synergistically to facilitate the cascade catalysis of cellulose hydrolysis,sugar retro-aldol condensation reaction,and C2 intermediate hydrodeoxygenation to *** situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis confirmed the catalyst's ability to enhance the adsorption and activation of ethylene glycol for ethanol *** manipulating subtle structural features,this study offers a fresh perspective on tungsten group catalyst design and underscores the importance of synergistic effects among catalytic sites for the efficient production of ethanol from cellulose.

关键词： Cellulosic ethanol Chem-catalysis Hydrogenolysis Retro-aldol condensation Tungsten

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