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An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3535-3563页

作者： younghoon ban Myeonghyun Kim Haehyun Cho School of Software Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Korea

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware *** the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based *** antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such *** paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware *** attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the PE format,as previously employed in evasion attack *** directly applying the perturbation techniques to PE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack *** a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based ***,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality *** thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware ***,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive Hashing(TLSH)to construct a similarity-based defense *** several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation *** conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the mos

关键词： Malware classification machine learning adversarial examples evasion attack cybersecurity

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Augmenting Android Malware Using Conditional Variational Autoencoder for the Malware Family Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 2215-2230页

作者： younghoon ban Jeong Hyun Yi Haehyun Cho Soongsil University Seoul06978Korea

Android malware has evolved in various forms such as adware that continuously exposes advertisements,banking malware designed to access users’online banking accounts,and Short Message Service(SMS)malware that uses a Command&Control(C&C)server to send malicious SMS,intercept SMS,and steal *** using many malicious strategies,the number of malware is steadily *** Android malware threats numerous users,and thus,it is necessary to detect malware quickly and *** malware has distinguishable characteristics based on its ***,security researchers have tried to categorize malware based on their behaviors by conducting the familial analysis which can help analysists to reduce the time and cost for analyzing ***,those studies algorithms typically used imbalanced,well-labeled open-source dataset,and thus,it is very difficult to classify some malware families which only have a few number of *** overcome this challenge,previous data augmentation studies augmented data by visualizing malicious codes and used them for malware ***,visualization of malware can result in misclassifications because the behavior information of the malware could be *** this study,we propose an android malware familial analysis system based on a data augmentation method that preserves malware behaviors to create an effective multi-class classifier for malware family *** this end,we analyze malware and use Application Programming Interface(APIs)and permissions that can reflect the behavior of malware as *** using these features,we augment malware dataset to enable effective malware detection while preserving original malicious *** evaluation results demonstrate that,when a model is created by using only the augmented data,a macro-F1 score of 0.65 and accuracy of 0.63%.On the other hand,when the augmented data and original malware are used together,the evaluation results show that a macro-F1 sc

关键词： Android data augmentation artificial intelligence cybersecurity

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A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Gibeom Lee Donghyun Lee Gwang-Bum Im younghoon Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University1342 SeongnamdaeroSujeong-guSeongnam 13120South Korea Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine *** sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from *** be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the *** materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and ***,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the *** touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive *** review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors

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Infrared-harvesting colloidal quantum dot inks for efficient photovoltaics: Impact of surface chemistry and device engineering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第16期147卷 224-240页

作者： younghoon Kim Min-Jae Choi Jongmin Choi Department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Dongguk UniversitySeoul04620Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,and excellent optical and optoelectronic *** particular,these features have generated great interest in the development of CQD solar cells and led to a rapid increase in their power conversion *** improvements were enabled by many innovative approaches in terms of CQD’s surface chemistry and device architecture *** this review,a critical overview of the research progress in CQD solar cells is presented with a focus on the strategies adopted for achieving record efficiency in CQD solar *** strategies include the use of organic/inorganic surface ligands,pre-and post-treatment of CQDs,and solid-state/solution-phase ligand ***,we provide an understanding of the research history to inspire the rational design of next-generation CQD optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and *** research on the development of infrared CQD solar cells as complementary platforms to other solar cell technologies is also critically discussed to provide another perspective on CQD technologies.

关键词： Quantum dot Lead sulfide Ligand exchange Colloidal ink Infrared light Solar cell

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Monitored anesthesia care for craniotomy in a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第27期10卷 9859-9864页

作者： Hyun-Su Ri younghoon Jeon Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND Eisenmenger syndrome(ES)is an uncorrected congenital cardiac defect with a left-to-right shunt,leading to pulmonary arterial *** with ES are susceptible to hemodynamic alterations during noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia,which increases perioperative morbidity and *** anesthesia care(MAC)is often used during minor procedures in patients with cardiac ***,few reports on MAC in patients with ES *** SUMMARY A 49-year-old man was admitted for a severe headache lasting 30 *** had been diagnosed with a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect(VSD)with bidirectional shunt flow and pulmonary arterial hypertension 10 years ago.A round mass in the right frontal lobe was revealed by Magnetic resonance *** aspiration using a neuronavigation system was performed under *** patient was stayed in the hospital for 5 d,and discharged without *** MAC may be effective for craniotomy in patients with ES.

关键词： Eisenmenger syndrome Pulmonary hypertension Sedation Anesthesia Craniotomy Case report

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A case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with Crohn’s disease:dilemma in management

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 154-157,I0003页

作者： younghoon Kwon Ryan J Koene Yeilim Cho St.Joseph’s Hospital HealthEast Care SystemSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA Department of Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is known to increase the risk of venous *** venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a rare but important complication of *** diagnosis,particularly in younger patients,requires a high level of suspicion in order to prevent potentially devastating complications such as hemorrhage or venous *** paper presents a 44-year-old Caucasian woman with a previous history of Crohn’s disease and deep venous *** resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of *** therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin was difficult,due to presumed pharmacological interaction between warfarin and *** should have a high index of suspicion for CVST when a patient with Crohn’s disease presents with acute headache,and be aware of challenges related to medical management.

关键词： cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Crohn’s disease anticoagulation mercaptopurine warfarin

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Pressure changes in tapered and cylindrical shaped cuff after extension of head and neck:A randomized controlled trial

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第31期10卷 11419-11426页

作者： Gukjin Seol Juhwa Jin Jinyoung Oh Sung-Hye Byun younghoon Jeon Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND The proper cuff pressure of endotracheal tube(ET)plays an important role in sealing the airway and preventing airway complications during mechanical *** ET cuff shape affects the cuff pressure after positional *** To investigate cuff pressure between tapered and cylindrical cuff after extension of head and neck during nasal endotracheal *** In a randomized clinical trial,52 patients were randomized to one of two groups:cylindrical cuff or Tapered *** pressure with 22 cmH_(2)O was applied to patients in the neutral *** extension of head and neck,the cuff pressure was evaluated again and readjusted to 22 cmH_(2)*** addition,the extent of cephalad migration of ET tip was assessed and postoperative airway complications such as sore throat,and hoarseness were *** The cuff pressure was higher in the tapered cuff(28.7±1.0 cmH_(2)O)than in the cylindrical cuff(25.5±0.8 cmH_(2)O)after head and neck extension(P<0.001).The extent of cephalad migration of tube tip was greater in TaperGuard ET(18.4±2.2 mm)than in conventional ET(15.1±1.2 mm)(P<0.001).The incidence of postoperative airway complications was comparable between two *** After head and neck extension,the cuff pressure and the extent of cephalad migration of ET was greater in tapered cuff than in cylindrical cuff during nasal intubation,respectively.

关键词： Cuff pressure Cylindrical cuff Endotracheal tube Nasal intubation Tapered cuff

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Superior laryngeal nerve block for treatment of throat pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第18期11卷 4433-4437页

作者： Jinyoung Oh Youngje Park Jeongkyu Choi younghoon Jeon Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of DentistryKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND Herpes zoster is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection within the sensory nerve ganglion of the spinal or cranial *** herpes zoster is rare and involves superior laryngeal nerve,which leads to several complications such as throat pain,and *** SUMMARY Patient concerns:A 52-year old woman presented with a 70 d history of throat pain and a 67 d history of non-productive *** days after onset of pain,she was diagnosed with laryngeal herpes *** nasolaryngoscopy revealed multiple white ulcerated lesions on the left hemi epiglottis and the left supraglottic *** was prescribed with 750 mg famciclovir a day for 7 d,and 150 mg pregabalin,100 mg tramadol and 10 mg nortriptyline a day for 67 ***,despite of these medications,she complained of pain and persistent ***,superior laryngeal nerve block under ultrasound guidance was *** days after the intervention,the throat pain and cough *** patient remained symptom-free at 3 mo *** A superior laryngeal nerve block can be an effective option for treatment of pain and cough following laryngeal herpes zoster.

关键词： Cough Herpes zoster Larynx Neuralgia Pain Superior laryngeal nerve Case report

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Large gastric hamartomatous inverted polyp accompanied by advanced gastric cancer:A case report

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第28期11卷 6967-6973页

作者： Gyerim Park Jihye Kim Sung Hak Lee younghoon Kim Department of Pathology Seoul St.Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul 06591South Korea Department of Internal Medicine CHA Gangnam Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeoul 06135South Korea Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging Seoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080South Korea

BACKGROUND Gastric hamartomatous inverted polyps(GHIPs)are benign polyps of the gastric submucosal *** there are 52 reported cases in the English *** to a literature review,approximately 27%of GHIPs show a coexisting *** SUMMARY A 66-year-old man was referred to our institution with ulcerative lesions detected on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)during a regular *** medical findings were *** lesions had borderline histologic features that could not exclude malignancy and were followed up with three EGDs and biopsies at intervals of 3 *** latest biopsy was revealed as an adenocarcinoma.A total gastrectomy was performed to remove the *** surgical specimen revealed a 6.9 cm×4.5 cm sized GHIP with a coexisting 1.6 cm sized well-differentiated adenocarcinoma which extended to the muscularis *** malignancy did not originate from the GHIP but showed an *** A large GHIP,which was unusually presented as an ulcerative lesion,was surgically removed,and was accompanied by advanced gastric *** follow-up and thorough examinations of ulcerative lesions with equivocal biopsy have resulted in appropriate diagnosis and ***,aggressive intervention may be beneficial if GHIP is suspected.

关键词： Gastric hamartomatous inverted polyp Advanced gastric cancer Total gastrectomy Case report

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Highly efficient gene silencing and bioimaging based on fluorescent carbon dots in vitro and in vivo

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 503-519页

作者： Seongchan Kim Yuri Choi Ginam Park Cheolhee Won Young-Joon Park younghoon Lee Byeong-Su Kim DaI-Hee Min Center for RNA Research Institute for Basic Sciences (IBS) Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seou108826 Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering and Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea Institute of Nanobio Convergence Technology Lemonex Inc. Seou108826 Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Ajou University Worldcuplo 206 Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

Small interfering RNA （siRNA） is an attractive therapeutic candidate for sequence- specific gene silencing to treat incurable diseases using small molecule drugs. However, its efficient intracellular delivery has remained a challenge. Here, we have developed a highly biocompatible fluorescent carbon dot （CD）, and demonstrate a functional siRNA delivery system that induces efficient gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. We found that CD nanoparticles （NPs） enhance the cellular uptake of siRNA, via endocytosis in tumor cells, with low cytotoxicity and unexpected immune responses. Real-time study of fluorescence imaging in live cells shows that CD NPs favorably localize in cytoplasm and successfully release siRNA within 12 h. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD NP-mediated siRNA delivery significantly silences green fluorescence protein （GFP） expression and inhibits tumor growth in a breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model of tumor-specific therapy. We have developed a multifunctional siRNA delivery vehicle enabling simultaneous bioimaging and efficient downregulation of gene expression, that shows excellent potential for gene therapy.

关键词： bioimaging carbon dot gene delivery RNA interference targeted cancer therapy

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