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An Assessment of the Social, Cultural, and Economical Barriers to Option B+Retention and Their Solutions in Malawi: A Review

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World Journal of AIDS 2021年第1期11卷 15-24页

作者： Jamie Yoon David S. Chung Michelle Kim Kunmin Kim Sang Heon Lee Tae Youn Kim Hark Joon Lee Seog In moon Jooheon Park Paul S. Chung Thomas Nyirenda School of Medical Boston University Boston USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg USA School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville USA Youth with Talents Fairfax USA Department of Art & Science Biology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

Malawi has one of the highest rates of HIV prevalence in the world, and accounts for 4% of the total number of people living in sub-Saharan Africa with HIV. Approximately one million people in Malawi were living with HIV in 2016, with 24,000 HIV-related deaths. The Option B+ program, first implemented in Malawi, aimed to initiate ART for all pregnant women, regardless of their CD4 cell count or disease stage. This study serves to analyze and assess the effectiveness of Option B+ retention, in relation to the facilitation of how various social and cultural barriers were handled. A literature review of 29 publications was conducted. Careful evaluation of various studies indicates that although there is a myriad of reasons explaining low levels of retention, the women who were at the highest risk for low retention were young pregnant women who were treated on the same day of HIV-diagnosis. Solutions focused around women and their partners or communities showed promising evidence of success in increasing adherence, as these strategies likely provided women reliable social and emotional support to address major barriers to retention such as a lack of support from male partners, ineffective education from healthcare workers, or stigma towards their HIV disclosure statue.

关键词： HIV Option B+ Malawi Retention CHTC PMTCT

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阿波罗7号登月计划的首次载人飞行

航天员 2018年第3期 60-63页

作者： Anthony young 王聪聪(编译)

在1967年1月27日的一次例行测试中。阿波罗1号指令舱发生火灾，航天员维吉尔·格里森、埃德·怀特和罗杰·查菲在这场灾难中不幸丧生。阿波罗1号本应是第一次使用阿波罗飞船的载人飞行任务，但这次灾难暴露了该舱在设计和操作程序上的... 详细信息

在1967年1月27日的一次例行测试中。阿波罗1号指令舱发生火灾，航天员维吉尔·格里森、埃德·怀特和罗杰·查菲在这场灾难中不幸丧生。阿波罗1号本应是第一次使用阿波罗飞船的载人飞行任务，但这次灾难暴露了该舱在设计和操作程序上的问题。

关键词：阿波罗飞船载人飞行登月计划例行测试飞行任务操作程序航天员灾难

Does the antibody production ability affect the serum anti-Helicobacter pylori Ig G titer?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第3期7卷 288-295页

作者： Hyun Ah Chung Sun-young Lee Hee Won moon Jeong Hwan Kim In-Kyung Sung Hyung Seok Park Chan Sup Shim Hye Seung Han Department of Internal Medicine Konkuk University School of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Konkuk University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Konkuk University School of Medicine

AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum titers of anti-Helicobacter pylori(***) immunoglobulin G(IgG) and hepatitis B virus surface antibody(HBsA b).METHODS: Korean adults were included whose samples had positive Giemsa staining on endoscopic biopsy and were studied in the hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsA g)/HBsA b serologic assay,pepsinogen(PG) assay,and *** serologic test on the same *** were excluded if they were positive for HBs Ag,had a recent history of medication,or had other medical condition(s).We analyzed the effects of the following factors on serum titers of HBsA b and the *** IgG : Age,density of *** infiltration in biopsy samples,serum concentrations of PG Ⅰ and PG Ⅱ,PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratio,and white blood cell ***: Of 111 included subjects,74(66.7%) exhibited a positive HBsA b *** serum *** IgG titer did not correlate with the serum HBsA b titer(P = 0.185); however,it correlated with the degree of *** infiltration on gastric biopsy(P < 0.001) and serum PG Ⅱ concentration(P = 0.042).According to the density of *** infiltration on gastric biopsy,subjects could be subdivided into those with a marked(median: 3.95,range 0.82-4.00)(P = 0.458),moderate(median: 3.37,range 1.86-4.00),and mild *** infiltrations(median: 2.39,range 0.36-4.00)(P < 0.001).Subjects with a marked *** infiltration on gastric biopsy had the highest serological titer,whereas in subjects with moderate and mild *** infiltrations titers were correspondingly lower(P < 0.001).After the successful eradication,significant decreases of the degree of *** infiltration(P < 0.001),serum *** IgG titer(P < 0.001),and serum concentrations of PG I(P = 0.028) and PG Ⅱ(P = 0.028) were ***: The *** IgG assay can be used to estimate the burden of bacteria in immunocompetent hosts with *** infection,regardless of the HBsA b titer after HBV vaccination.

关键词： Antibody Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin G Pepsinogen

Sexually Transmitted Diseases at Monkey Bay Community Hospital in Mangochi, Malawi;an Analysis of Characteristics of Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 243-252页

作者： David S. Chung Min Jung Koh Sung Hwan Chough Seog In moon Gene K. Lee Ivy Kim Yujin Kim Jae Hee Kim Lorie Kim Hyunjin Kim Eunice Kang Fatsani Manase Thomas Nyirenda School of Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Youth with Talents Fairfax VA USA School of Medicine Georgetwon University Washington DC USA College of Dentistry NYU New York NY USA Clinical Research Education and Management Service Lilongwe Malawi

We present the characteristics of the commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STI) at a clinic of Monkey Bay community hospital by a retrospective study. We conducted an audit of patients’ hospital records from a STIs clinic at Monkey Bay community hospital in Mangochi District (Malawi) covering a period from January 2019 to June 2019 (18 months). Data was tabulated in excel and analyses were made based on sex, age, male circumcision status, pregnancy and the pattern of STIs diagnosed within the chosen study period. A total number of 659 clients presented at STI clinic of Monkey Bay community hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. Out these clients, 409 (62%) were females and 250 (38%) were males. Most of the patients were in the age range of 25 years or above (447, 68%). Majority of the patients were HIV negative (523, 79%). Out of the 250 males, 113 (45%) were circumcised. Among female patients 56 of the 409 (14%) were pregnant. The most common presentations for all cases put together were lower abdominal pain (253, 38%), then urethral discharge (189, 29%), abnormal vaginal discharge (141, 21%), genital ulcer disease (64, 10%), in that order. Syphilis, genital warts, inguinal bubo and scrotal swelling were less common. The most common presentation in males was urethral discharge (178, 71%), while in females it was lower abdominal pain (214, 52%). Our audit showed that in Mangochi (Malawi) sexually transmitted diseases of various types are more common among young adults, females and uncircumcised men. There was no much difference in the percentage of STI’s between HIV positive and HIV negative people. These results point to an alarmingly high level of risky sexual behaviors among sexually active age groups in this part of Malawi, a country which still has one of the highest HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. This calls for continued and better research and control for transmission of STIs in the district.

关键词： Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Mangochi Malawi

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韩日关系恶化的成因、背景及前景

东北亚论坛 2020年第1期29卷 113-126,128页

作者： [韩]苏英和刘江永清华大学社会科学学院国际关系学系清华大学国际关系研究院北京100084

2018年以来朝鲜半岛局势和东北亚国际关系发生了一系列重大变化。中国与朝鲜、韩国的关系同时改善并加强。中日关系也重回正常发展的轨道。然而,韩日关系则反复出现各种矛盾和摩擦,持续恶化。21世纪以来,中日关系与韩日关系发展变化往... 详细信息

2018年以来朝鲜半岛局势和东北亚国际关系发生了一系列重大变化。中国与朝鲜、韩国的关系同时改善并加强。中日关系也重回正常发展的轨道。然而,韩日关系则反复出现各种矛盾和摩擦,持续恶化。21世纪以来,中日关系与韩日关系发展变化往往具有同一种倾向,即中日关系恶化,韩日关系也会倒退;中日关系改善,韩日关系也会回暖。然而,2018年以来,中日关系与韩日关系则出现反常的"逆向发展"倾向。韩、日同中国之间关系有所改善,而韩日之间关系则明显恶化。这种逆向发展现象产生的原因值得关注和研究。本文侧重分析2018年以来韩日关系恶化的成因,并在此基础上对韩日关系前景做以评估。

关键词：韩日关系劳工赔偿东北亚文在寅安倍晋三中韩日

边缘区淋巴瘤晚期患者R-CVP后利妥昔单抗维持治疗的Ⅱ期研究:一项改善淋巴瘤生存协会(CISL)的研究

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癌症 2020年第3期39卷 118-128页

作者： Sung Yong Oh Won Seog Kim Jin Seok Kim Seok Jin Kim Dok Hyun Yoon Deok‑Hwan Yang Won Sik Lee Hyo Jung Kim Ho‑young Yhim Seong Hyun Jeong Jong Ho Won Suee Lee Jee Hyun Kong Sung‑Nam Lim Jun Ho Ji Kyung A.Kwon Gyeong‑Won Lee Jae hoon Lee Ho Sup Lee Ho‑Jin Shin Cheolwon Suh Department of Internal Medicine Dong-A University HospitalBusan 49201Republic of Korea Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Republic of Korea Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Oncology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSongpa‑guSeoul 05505Republic of Korea Department of Hematology‑Oncology Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasun 58128Republic of Korea Department of Hematology Busan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 04511Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineAnyang 14068Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907Republic of Korea Department of Hematology‑Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoul 04401Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineWonju Severance Christian HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineWonju 26426Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 48108Republic of Korea Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineSamsung Changwon HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineChangwon 51353Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineDongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesBusan 46033Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineGyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University College of MedicineJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Gachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheon 21565Republic of

背景与目的利妥昔单抗是一种靶向CD20的单克隆抗体,在治疗边缘区淋巴瘤(marginal zone lymphoma,MZL)中可以单药或联合化疗使用,可提高缓解率和生存率,但治疗后仍可能会复发。因此,仍需探索如何延长MZL患者的缓解期的治疗方案。这项多... 详细信息

背景与目的利妥昔单抗是一种靶向CD20的单克隆抗体,在治疗边缘区淋巴瘤(marginal zone lymphoma,MZL)中可以单药或联合化疗使用,可提高缓解率和生存率,但治疗后仍可能会复发。因此,仍需探索如何延长MZL患者的缓解期的治疗方案。这项多中心、单臂、开放标签的Ⅱ期研究评估了对一线R-CVP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,vincristine,and prednisolone;利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、长春新碱和泼尼松龙)治疗有反应的Ⅲ–Ⅳ期CD20阳性MZL患者进行利妥昔单抗维持治疗2年的生存率。本研究旨在明确R-CVP后利妥昔单抗维持治疗的策略是否有进一步研究的价值。方法在利妥昔单抗维持治疗之前,Ⅲ–Ⅳ期MZL患者应接受6–8周期的R-CVP一线治疗。每个周期为3周,第1 d静脉输注利妥昔单抗(375 mg/m^2)、环磷酰胺(750 mg/m^2)和长春新碱(1.4 mg/m^2;最大2 mg),第1–5 d口服泼尼松龙(100 mg)。对R-CVP治疗达到完全缓解(complete response,CR)、部分缓解(part response,PR)或疾病稳定(stable response,SD)的患者进行利妥昔单抗维持治疗,每8周静脉注射利妥昔单抗375mg/m^2,直到12个周期。主要终点为无进展生存期(progression-free surviva,PFS),次要终点为总生存期(overall survival,OS)和治疗安全性。结果共纳入47例患者,其中45(96%)例接受了利妥昔单抗维持治疗。15(33%)例患者有淋巴结MZL。在进行R-CVP一线治疗后,分别有20(44%)例、22(49%)例和3(7%)例的患者达到了CR、PR和SD。中位随访38.2个月后,患者的3年PFS率为81%。在利妥昔单抗维持治疗期间,R-CVP治疗后有6例PR和1例SD患者获得CR。LDH升高和B症状是PFS的重要预后因素(P=0.003),3年OS率为90%。利妥昔单抗维持治疗的耐受性良好,常见的治疗性不良事件为感觉性神经病(18%)、肌痛(13%)、疲劳(9%)和中性粒细胞减少(9%)。结论一线R-CVP治疗后利妥昔单抗维持治疗在Ⅲ–Ⅳ期MZL患者中不仅表现出较好的PFS,而且药物毒性反应评价良好。

关键词：边缘区淋巴瘤晚期利妥昔单抗环磷酰胺长春新碱维持多中心开放标签生存

用血浆BNP质量浓度评价非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人心肌缺血的程度

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中国实用内科杂志 2005年第7期25卷 597-597页

作者： Eui-Yong Choi Hyuck moon Kwon Yong-Won Yoon 高倩萍

近期研究表明血浆BNP质量浓度在稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭的病人中升高，为探索该指标是否可作为评估心肌缺血的独立指标，Eui—young choi等人比较了非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人与稳定型心绞痛患者血浆BNP质量浓度，而且... 详细信息

近期研究表明血浆BNP质量浓度在稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭的病人中升高，为探索该指标是否可作为评估心肌缺血的独立指标，Eui—young choi等人比较了非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人与稳定型心绞痛患者血浆BNP质量浓度，而且还运用心脏超声、冠脉造影、心肌酶几项方法分析非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征病人血浆BNP质量浓度与心肌缺血程度的关系。

关键词：血浆BNP 质量浓度非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征心肌缺血心肌梗死

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Voice

中学生天地（高中学习版）（C版） 2010年第12期 52-52页

作者：吉尔杨彦 young 萧山中学

The moon is important in China’s culture and beliefs,and thus is an important symbolic *** is also the easiest destination to reach as China begins exploring the solar system.-Logsdon,who is

关键词：高中英语课外阅读阅读材料

一项对比从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)转换为丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)和继续TDF治疗用于病毒学抑制的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的3期研究:第48周时的疗效和安全性结果

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一项对比从富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯(TDF)转换为丙酚替诺福韦(TAF)...