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Fabrication of High-Density Out-of-Plane Microneedle Arrays with Various Heights and Diverse Cross-Sectional Shapes

Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第2期14卷 60-78页

作者： Hyeonhee Roh young Jun Yoon jin Soo park Dong-Hyun Kang Seung Min Kwak Byung Chul Lee Maesoon Im Brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792South Korea Division of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841South Korea Micro/Nano Fabrication Center KISTSeoul 02792South Korea Division of Bio‑Medical Science&Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science&Technology(UST)Seoul 02792South Korea

Out-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine *** work presents a novel but simple method to fabricate high-density silicon(Si)microneedle arrays with various heights and diverse cross-sectional shapes depending on photomask pattern *** proposed fabrication method is composed of a single photolithography and two subsequent deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)***,a photoresist layer was patterned on a Si substrate to define areas to be etched,which will eventually determine the final location and shape of each individual ***,the 1st DRIE step created deep trenches with a highly anisotropic etching of the Si ***,the photoresist was removed for more isotropic etching;the 2nd DRIE isolated and sharpened microneedles from the predefined trench *** on diverse photomask designs,the 2nd DRIE formed arrays of microneedles that have various height distributions,as well as diverse cross-sectional shapes across the *** these simple steps,high-aspect ratio microneedles were created in the high density of up to 625 microneedles mm^(-2)on a Si *** tests showed a small force as low as~172μN/microneedle is required for microneedle arrays to penetrate the dura mater of a mouse *** demonstrate a feasibility of drug delivery application,we also implemented silk microneedle arrays using molding *** fabrication method of the present study is expected to be broadly applicable to create microneedle structures for drug delivery,neuroprosthetic devices,and so on.

关键词： Microneedle Various heights Cross-sectional shapes Isotropic etch Deep reactive ion etching

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Extracellular nucleoprotein exacerbates influenza viruspathogenesis by activating Toll-like receptor 4 and the NLRP3inflammasome

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 715-725页

作者： Chang-Ung Kim Yu-jin Jeong Pureum Lee Moo-Seung Lee Jong-Hwan park young-Sang Kim Doo-jin Kim Infectious Disease Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)DaejeonSouth Korea Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea Environmental Diseases Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)DaejeonSouth Korea University of Science and Technology(UST) DaejeonSouth Korea College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea

Host immune responses, such as those initiated by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) activation, are important for viralclearance and pathogenesis. However, little is known about the interactions of viral proteins with surface PRRs or, moreimportantly, the association of innate immune activation with viral pathogenesis. In this study, we showed that internalinfluenza virus proteins were released from infected cells. Among these proteins, nucleoprotein (NP) played a critical role inviral pathogenesis by stimulating neighboring cells through toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and the NLR family pyrin domaincontaining 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Through the activation of these PRRs, NP induced the production of interleukin (IL)-1β andIL-6, which subsequently led to the induction of trypsin. Trypsin induced by NP increased the infectivity of influenza virus,leading to increases in viral replication and pathology upon subsequent viral infection. These results reveal the role of releasedNP in influenza pathogenesis and highlight the importance of the interactions of internal viral proteins with PRRs in theextracellular compartment during viral pathogenesis.

关键词： Influenza virus Viral protein release Nucleoprotein Toll-like receptor Cyotkine-trypsin cycle

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Congenital retinal macrovessel with intracranial venous malformation in a pediatric patient: a case report

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第7期15卷 1214-1216页

作者： Hyeon jin park Sook Hyun Yoon Sook young Kim Donghun Lee Department of Ophthalmology Daegu Catholic University School of MedicineDaegu 42472Republic of Korea

Dear Editor,Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is defined as an abnormal large retinal vessel that encircles the foveal avascular zone (FAZ).Since the first description of a large aberrant vessel crossing the macula by Mauthnerin 1868,there have been several case reports about *** recently,Pichi et alreported clinical manifestations and multimodal retinal imaging of 49 eyes with *** their study,they had identified an association between macrovessel in the retina and venous anomalies of the brain and they emphasized the importance of systemic workups including brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

关键词： venous Congenital malformation

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Fibrillary gelation and dedoping of PEDOT:PSS fibers for interdigitated organic electrochemical transistors and circuits

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 330-340页

作者： young jin Jo Soo young Kim Jeong Hun Hyun Byeonghak park Seunghwan Choy Gyan Raj Koirala Tae-il Kim School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Biomedical Institute for Convergence(BICS) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Korea

As one of conducting polymers,PEDOT:PSS,is commonly used in organic electronics,especially for bioelectronics due to its advantages such as high electrical and ionic conductivity,solution-processability and *** bioelectronics with the PEDOT:PSS requires advanced techniques to obtain physical/chemical modification of the PEDOT:PSS for improved performance and various *** satisfy these demands,fibrillary gelation of PEDOT:PSS by injection to choline acetate,an ionic liquid,with a constant flow rate was used in this study to make a conductive fiber and improve characteristics of PEDOT:*** fibers by fibrillary gelation showed enhanced electrical conductivity of about 400 S cm^(-1) and volumetric capacitance of about 154 F cm^(−3) which would be strongly beneficial to be utilized for organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),resulting in a high transconductance of 19 mS in a ***,dedoping of the conductive fibers by PEI(polyethyleneimine)enabled the creation of enhancement-mode *** inverters were then fabricated by connecting depletion and enhancement-mode *** results demonstrate that these conductive fibers and electronic-textiles are suitable candidates for applications in bio-integrated electronics.

关键词： fibers doping digit

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Sexual dimorphism and sex-differential migration of Little Buntings(Emberiza pusilla)at an East Asian stopover site

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 87-93页

作者： Sook-young Cho Hyun-young Nam Se-young park Chang-Yong Choi Bird Research Center Korea National Park Research InstituteJeonnam58863Republic of Korea Division of Zoology Honam National Institute of Biological ResourcesMokpo58762Republic of Korea School of Biological Sciences College of Natural SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea

Sex differences in morphology provide key information for understanding a species'morphological adaptations in relation to the evolution of sexual *** migratory birds,morphological traits have adapted to long-distance travel,and sexual dimorphism is typically related to sex-differential migration *** Buntings(Emberiza pusilla)have one of the longest migrations and are the least dichromatic species among the Emberiza *** this study,we measured sexual size dimorphism and sexual dichromatism of Little Buntings in relation to the spring arrival dates at a stopover site in *** length was the most important predictor for identifying sex;the wings of males were longer than those of *** also had a significantly stronger chestnut color of the head feathers than females,but this color difference was more prominent in the spring than in the *** arrived earlier than females by four *** dates correlated with both size and color,but unlike other bunting species previously studied in the same area,there was no clear sex-differential trend in the relationship between arrival date and morphological *** differences in the degree of sexual dichromatism suggest that chestnut plumage coloration can be used as a social or sexual signal of males in the breeding *** correlation of size and color to early arrival regardless of sex may indicate that a preference for assortative mating exists or that a sex-differential migration strategy is not clearly defined in the early stages of northward *** findings on the sexual dimorphism of Little Buntings provide insight into the evolution of the sex-differential migration of buntings in the East Asian Flyway.

关键词： Digital photography Emberiza pusilla Little Bunting Protandrous migration Sexual dichromatism Sexual dimorphism

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X-ray volumetric quantitative phase imaging by Foucault differential filtering with linear scanning

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Chinese Optics Letters 2023年第1期21卷 120-124页

作者： young-Sung park Jieun Hong Jaeho Choi Photonics Laboratory Department of PhysicsDankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea Center for Basic Science Research at DKU Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116Republic of Korea

Non-interferometric X-ray quantitative phase imaging(XQPI),much simpler than the interferometric scheme,has provided high-resolution and reliable phase-contrast *** report on implementing the volumetric XQPI images using concurrent-bidirectional scanning of the orthogonal plane on the optical axis of the Foucault differential filter;we then extracted data in conjunction with the transport-intensity *** volumetric image of the laminate microstructure of the gills of a fish was successfully reconstructed to demonstrate our XQPI *** method can perform 3D rendering without any rotational motion for laterally extended objects by manipulating incoherent X-rays using the pinhole array.

关键词： X-ray imaging phase contrast imaging Foucault differential filter transport-intensity equation

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A study on typology of areas densely populated with foreigners in Seoul, South Korea

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Chan young park CultureNSpace Daegu 41908South Korea

This study identifies the types of areas in Seoul where foreigners are concentrated by reflecting the characteristics of their region of origin and residence in Seoul. Lack of cultural understanding and uniform policies for various immigrant communities are causing some social issues. Hence, this study aims to prepare the basic data from which the government can predict changes in ethnic areas and prepare policies suitable for each derived type. The 14 most populous immigrant communities in Seoul were investigated, and cluster analysis and ANOVA test were performed. This examination resulted in four immigrant community types. Each type has specific characteristics, which have influenced the creation and change of the built environment. Types 1 and 4 are collectivistic. These types gradually tend to change urban environments to emulate the environment in their region of origin. In addition, they make little effort to improve their degraded environments, and such areas become increasingly backward. In contrast, types 2 and 3 are individualistic and prefer to assimilate into a migrant region. The formation and change of the urban environment for each type can be predicted on the basis of these characteristics. From this information, the government can prepare an appropriate urban architecture policy for each type.

关键词： Foreigners Immigrant communities Seoul South Korea Typology Migration

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Tailored BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)nanostructures with boosted charge separation ability toward unassisted water splitting

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Carbon Energy 2023年第6期5卷 45-59页

作者： Mi Gyoung Lee jin Wook Yang Ik Jae park Tae Hyung Lee Hoonkee park Woo Seok Cheon Sol ALee Hyungsoo Lee Su Geun Ji Jun Min Suh Jooho Moon jin young Kim Ho Won Jang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Country Department of Applied Physics Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology Seoul National UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea

The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation of solar-driven water ***,we first introduce indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))nanorods(NRs)as a novel electron transport layer for bismuth vanadate(BiVO_(4))with a short charge diffusion ***_(2)O_(3)NRs reinforce the electron transport and hole blocking of BiVO_(4),surpassing the state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performances of BiVO_(4)-based ***,a tannin-nickel-iron complex(TANF)is used as an oxygen evolution catalyst to speed up the reaction *** final TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NR photoanode generates photocurrent densities of 7.1 mAcm^(−2) in sulfite oxidation and 4.2 mA cm^(−2) in water oxidation at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen ***,the“artificial leaf,”which is a tandem cell with a perovskite/silicon solar cell,shows a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 6.2%for unbiased solar water *** reveal significant advances in the photoactivity of TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NRs from the tailored nanostructure and band structure for charge dynamics.

关键词： bismuth vanadate heterojunction indium oxide nanostructure photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Multidimensional Hybrid Architecture Encapsulating Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotube Branched Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Networks for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 555-564页

作者： Jeong Seok Yeon young Hun Ko Tae Ho park Hyunyoung park Jongsoon Kim Ho Seok park School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringSungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-si Gyeonggi-do 440-746Korea Advanced Batteries Research Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute25Saenari-roBundang-guSeongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13509Korea Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-si Gyeonggi-do 440-746Korea Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology(SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan University2066SeoburoJangan-guSuwon 440-746South Korea

Lithium–sulfur batteries(LSBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high-theoretical capacity(1675 mAh g^(−1))and affordable ***,several limitations of LSBs such as the lithium polysulfide shuttle,large volume expansion,and low electrical conductivity of sulfur need to be resolved for practical *** address these limitations,herein,a multidimensional architectured hybrid(Co@CNT/nG),where Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles are encapsulated into threedimensional(3D)porous N-doped reduced graphene oxide interconnected with carbon nanotube(CNT)branches,is synthesized through a simple pyrolysis *** synergistic effect achieved through the homogeneously distributed and encapsulated Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles,the interconnected CNT branches,and the 3D hierarchical porous structure and N-doping of Co@CNT/nG significantly suppresses the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and enhances the conversion redox kinetics for the improved sulfur *** validate this effect through various measurements including symmetric cells,Li_(2)S nucleation,shuttle currents,Tafel slopes,diffusion coefficients,and post-mortem ***,Co@CNT/nG-70S-based LSB cells achieve a high-specific capacity of 1193.1 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.030%per cycle for 700 cycles at 5 C,delivering a high areal capacity of 5.62 mAh cm^(−2) even with a loading of 6.5 mg cm^(−2).

关键词： graphene/CNT hybrid lithium-sulfur batteries multidimensional architecture nanoparticle encapsulation redox promoter

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Evaluation of early-age strains and stresses in roller-compacted concrete pavement

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第1期9卷 93-105页

作者： Tetsya Sok young Kyu Kim Jun young park Seung Woo Lee Public Infrastructure Department Ministry of Public Works and TransportPhnom Penh 12100Cambodia Institute for Disaster Prevention Gangneung-Wonju National UniversityGangneung-si 25457South Korea Korea Expressway Research Institute Korea Expressway CorporationHwaseong-si 18489South Korea Civil Engineering Department Gangneung-Wonju National UniversityGangneung-si 25457South Korea

In the structural design of a roller-compacted concrete pavement(RCCP), it is crucial to estimate strain and stress developments in the RCCP slab realistically. Since the RCCP mix uses less cement and lower amount of water, shrinkage strain and concrete temperature during the hardening stage are expected to be reduced as compared to those of conventional concrete mixture, resulting in a reduction of the concrete early-age deformation and stress developments in the RCCP slab. In this paper, early-age concrete strain and stress developments in RCCP slab subjected to environmental loads were evaluated. A full-scale test section of RCCP under real climatic conditions was monitored. The early-age total strains,stress-independent strains, shrinkage strains, and coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of the RCCP were measured and analyzed. Using the results of measured strains, in-situ CTE and shrinkage strain, and temperature, the early-age concrete stress development is computed by incorporating a viscoelastic property of the early-age concrete. The results revealed that the shrinkage strain of the RCCP is quite low as compared to that of conventional concrete. The early-age stress developments in the RCCP slab are strongly governed by the thermal-induced stresses. Shrinkage-induced stresses were quite small and might be negligible in a preliminary estimation of early-age stress developments in the RCCP slab.

关键词： Road engineering Roller-compacted concrete pavement Concrete strain Concrete stress Shrinkage strain Environmental loads

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