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Investigating factors driving phytoplankton growth and grazing loss rates in waters around Peninsular Malaysia

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 148-159页

作者： Joon Hai LIM choon Weng lee Chui Wei BONG Laboratory of Microbial Ecology Institute of Biological SciencesUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute for Advanced Studies University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

In tropical waters where temperatures are relatively stable,we investigated whether the relationship between phytoplankton growth and grazing loss rate across diff erent habitats around Peninsular Malaysia can be attributed to its eutrophication *** measured phytoplankton growth(μ)and grazing loss(g)rates in waters off Bachok Marine Research Station(BMRS),located northeast of Peninsular ***-a(chl-a)concentration ranged from 2.90 to 15.78μg/L and was dominated by nanoand micro-phytoplankton(>2μm in size).Using the Landry and Hassett dilution method,μat BMRS ranged from 1.02 to 1.58/d whereas g varied from 0.07 to 0.88/*** accounted for 35%of the primary production at BMRS.A systematic review of available data in waters around Peninsular Malaysia,revealed howμfl uctuated over a wide range(0.01–1.80/d)and correlated with chl a distribution(R 2=0.181,P<0.001).However,the relationship was only signifi cant at<9μg/L chl a for mesotrophic waters and<16μg/L chl a for eutrophic *** contrast,g ranged from 0.00 to 1.01/d,and correlated withμat all *** g/μslope ranged from 19%to 84%,and was generally similar for waters around Peninsular ***,all the g/μslopes had a positive y-intercept except for BMRS,and this seemed to suggest the availability of alternative prey supporting grazing at the other stations.

关键词： phytoplankton growth grazing loss grazing pressure Bachok Marine Research Station(BMRS)

2D material inorganic liquid crystals for tunable deep UV light modulation

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 62-63页

作者： young Hee lee Department of Energy Science and Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan University IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics Institute for Basic Science Sungkyunkwan University

Modulation of light refers to the modulation of electromagnetic radiation in the optical region including visible light as well as ultraviolet and infrared radiation,in which the amplitude (and therefore the intensity),phase,frequency or polarization of the radiated oscillations can be changed [1].Optical modulator devices are widely used in industry,as represented by liquid crystal optical modulators having an annual global market worth of over US$100 ***,

关键词： EXFOLIATION

Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGASSI Antonietta GRECO Martina DI FRANCESCO Luca CESERACCIU Aiman ABU AMMAR Israel DVIR Thomas lee MOORE Haytam KASEM Paolo DECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increasingly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction modifiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,using a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate

Importance of the surrounding colonic mucosa in distinguishing between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps during acetic acid chromoendoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1903-1907页

作者： Jeong Hwan Kim Sun-young lee Byung Kook Kim Won Hyeok Choe So young Kwon In-Kyung Sung Hyung-Seok Park choon-Jo Jin Department of Internal Medicine Konkuk University School of Medicine Seoul 143-729 Korea

AIM: To examine the characteristics of colonic polyps, where it is difficult to distinguish adenomatous polyps from hyperplastic polyps, with the aid of acetic acid chromoendoscopy. METHODS: Acetic acid spray was applied to colonic polyps smaller than 10 mm before complete excision. Endoscopic images were taken before and 15-30 s after the acetic acid spray. Both pre-and post-sprayed images were shown to 16 examiners, who were asked to interpret the lesions as either hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps. Regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were most likely related to diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: In 50 cases tested by the 16 examiners, the overall accuracy was 62.4% (499/800). Regression analysis demonstrated that surrounding colonic mucosa was the only factor that was significantly related to accuracy in discriminating adenomatous from hyperplastic polyps (P < 0.001). Accuracy was higher for polyps with linear surrounding colonic mucosa than for those with nodular surrounding colonic mucosa (P < 0.001), but was not related to the shape, location, or size of the polyp. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of predicting histology is significantly related to the pattern of colonic mucosa surrounding the polyp. Making a histological diagnosis of colon polyps merely by acetic acid spray is helpful for colon polyps with linear, regularly patterned surrounding colonic mucosa, and less so for those with nodular, irregularly patterned surrounding colonic mucosa.

关键词： Colon polyp Chromoendoscopy Acetic acid

Development of CAD/CAM system and profile measuring device for CNC grinding machine to obtain an optimal grinding speed

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第1期18卷 146-152页

作者： LIM Sang-Heon KIM Jae-Hyun lee choon-Man Agency of Promoting Technology Innovation Gyeongnam TechnoparkChangwon 641-465Korea School of Mechatronics Changwon National University

Cam mechanics is one of the most popular devices for generating irregular motions and is widely used in automatic equipment,such as textile machines,internal combustion engines,and other automatic *** order to obtain a positive motion from the follower using a rotating cam,its shape should be correctly designed and *** development of an adequate CAD/CAM system for a cam profile CNC grinding machine is necessary to manufacture high-precision *** purpose of this study is the development of a CAD/CAM system and profile measuring device for a CNC grinding machine to obtain an optimal grinding speed with a constant surface *** types of disk cams were manufactured using the proposed algorithm and procedures to verify effectiveness of the developed CAD/CAM system.

关键词： cam CAD/CAM system CNC grinding machine optimal grinding speed

Scalable and safer printed Zn//MnO2 planar micro-batteries for smart electronics

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National Science Review 2020年第1期7卷 5-6页

作者： Sang-young lee Department of Energy Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology

The rapidly growing field of miniaturized smart electronics has forced us to search for compatible microscale power sources with reliable electrochemical performance, various form factors, manufacturing scalability, and safety [1–5].Among the several power sources reported to date, planar micro-batteries,which are characterized by geometrical

关键词： Scalable and safer printed Zn MnO2 planar micro-batteries for smart electronics

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of gas hydrate-bearing sediment from Hydrate Ridge,Cascadia Margin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 872-880页

作者： young-Joo lee Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejon 305-350South Korea

54 sediments were sampled at 5 sites, 1244, 1245, 1246,1250 and 1251 from ODPLeg 204, Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition,δ^(13)C of organic matter and δ^(15)N, have been used to characterize the depositional variationof sediments with gas hydrate bearing. Values of δ^(13)C of bulk organic matter range between-22.37 per thousand and -24.72 per thousand PDB, with a mean value of -23.54 ± 1.17 per thousandPDB; δ^(15)N of the same sedimentary samples range from 3.30 per thousand to 5.68 per thousand,with a mean value of 4.49 ± 1.19 per thousand; Values of C/N ratio range from 4.53 to 9.26, with amean value of 6.90 ± 2.37. The occurrence of gas hydrate changed the diagenetic evolution trend ofthe carbon and nitrogen in organic matter. The δ^(15)N and C/N ratio depletion suggest that thenitrogen fixation related with the bacteria/archaea maybe occurred in the sediments near thehydrate. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition could be used to evaluate thedepositional environment in the study area.

关键词： gas hydrate, carbon isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, C/N ratio, nitrogen fixation.

Polymer donors with hydrophilic side-chains enabling efficient and thermally-stable polymer solar cells by non-halogenated solvent processing

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Nano Research Energy 2024年第1期3卷 19-29页

作者： Soodeok Seo Jun-young Park Jin Su Park Seungjin lee Do-Yeong Choi Yun-Hi Kim Bumjoon J.Kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Advanced Energy Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and ERI Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

Polymer solar cells(PSCs)with high power conversion efficiency(PCE)and environment-friendly fabrication are the main requirements enabling their production in industrial *** the use of non-halogenated solvent processing is inevitable for the PSC fabrication,it significantly reduces the processability of polymer donors(PDS)and small-molecule acceptors(SMAs).This often results in unoptimized blend morphology and limits the device *** address this issue,hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol(OEG)side-chains are introduced into a PD(2EG)to enhance the molecular compatibility between the PD and L8-BO *** 2EG PD induces higher crystallinity and alleviates phase separation with the SMA compared to the reference PD(PM7)with hydrocarbon ***,the 2EG-based PSCs exhibit a higher PCE(15.8%)than the PM7-based PSCs(PCE=14.4%)in the ortho-xylene based ***,benefitted from the reduced phase separation and increased crystallinity of 2EG PDS,the 2EG-based PSCs show enhanced thermal stability(84%of initial PCE after 120 h heating)compared to that of the PM7-based PSCs(60%of initial PCE after 120 h heating).This study demonstrates the potential of OEG side-chain-incorporated materials in developing efficient,stable,and eco-friendly PSCs.

关键词： polymer solar cell polymer donor OEG side-chain non-halogenated solvent process side-chain engineering

Late Quaternary Paleoclimatic Change in the Ulleung Basin,East Sea,Korea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 263-269页

作者： young-Suk BAK young-Up lee The Earth and Environmental System Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea

Paleoclimatic changes in the late Quaternary sediments deposited in the East Sea were analyzed by studying diatoms. A total of 95 species belonging to 47 genera were identified from the Core02GHP-02 of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea, Korea. In the Core 02GHP-02, U-Oki（169–181 cm; 9.3 ka）, AT（464–465.5 cm; 22 ka） and U–Ym（556–559 cm; 33 ka） tephra layers were recognized. The chronological divisions of 02GHP-02 may be correlated with the climatic changes from the glacial interval（730–620 cm; MIS3）, to interstadial（620–500 cm; MIS3）, to the last glacial maximum（500–390 cm; MIS 2）, to the deglaciation（390–290 cm; MIS 2）, to the late glacial（290–190 cm; MIS 1）, and to the Holocene（190–10 cm; MIS 1）. It is speculated that diatoms were rarely found during the glacial interval when the 02GHP-02 core was deposited; during the interstadial（MIS 3） and deglaciation, a mixture of warm-water and cold-water species were found. In particular, Fragilariopsis doliolus seems to have appeared in the East Sea after 8 ka BP. In the lower layers of the Holocene deposits, cold-water species such as Neodenticula seminae were frequently found, while in the upper layers, warm-water species such as Hemidiscus cuneiformis were found in relatively large abundance. Therefore, the findings indicate that the climate became warmer during the transition from the lower layer to the upper layer of the Holocene deposits.

关键词： diatoms paleoclimatic change late Quaternary glacial interval MIS