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Carcinosarcoma of the liver with mesenchymal differentiation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第5期13卷 809-812页

作者： Shinichi Sumiyoshi Masataka Kikuyama Yuji Matsubayashi Fujito Kageyama Yoshihiro Ide yoshimasa kobayashi Hirotoshi Nakamura Department of Gastroenterology Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital Hamamatsu Japan Department of Pathology Hamamatsu Rosai Hos-pital Hamamatsu Japan Second Division Department of Internal Medicine Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu Japan

We report an extremely rare case where a mesenchymal differentiation, especially embryonal sarcoma, was demonstrated in cholangiocarcinoma. At autopsy, a yellowish-white tumor （15 cm× 12 cm） was found in the right hepatic lobe, and there were several daughter nodules in both hepatic lobes. Histologically, most of the main tumor and all of the daughter nodules examined showed sarcomatous changes （spindle cells, pleomorphic ceils and hyalization）. Histologic examination of a part of the main tumor disclosed a focus of adenocarcinoma within the tumor. The frequent transitions between the adenocarcinomatous areas and the sarcomatous areas suggested that sarcomatous transformation occurred in the cholangiocarcinoma and then spread rapidly. Immunohistochemically, the adenocarcinomatous elements were positive for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA） and epithelial membrane antigen, and negative in the sarcomatous cells. Vimentin was positive only in the sarcomatous elements. The findings of the present case support the view that carcinosarcomas represent carcinomas that develop sarcomatous elements via metaplasia of the epithelial element.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Carcinosarcoma Mesenchymal differentiation

LINEARLY POLARIZED WHITE FLUORESCENCE FROM SHISH-KEBAB TYPE LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINVLENE)S WITH(P-PHENYLENE)S AS KEBAB

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第2期30卷 209-216页

作者：郑世军 Takaomi kobayashi College of the Material Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Department of Materials Science and Technology Nagaoka University of Technology1603-1 KamitomiokaNagaokaNiigata940-2188Japan

Liquid crystalline （LC） polymers with a shish-kebab-type moiety on their cross-conjugated （p-phenylene）s-poly（p- phenylenevinylene）s main chains were synthesized through Gilch polymerization in order to develop a kind of polymers available for linearly polarized white-light-emitting from single chain. In this system, the 2,5-bis（4＇-alkoxyphenyl）benzene as the ＂kebabs＂ connects with poly（p-phenylenevinylene）（PPV） main chain backbone using its molecular gravity center and the PPV as the ＂shish＂ or ＂skewer＂（the ＂shish-kebab＂）. The polymers possess desirable properties such as excellent solubility and liquid crystalline properties. To drop the ＂kebabs＂ of the 2,5-bis（4＇-alkoxyphenyl）benzene into the orientation microgroove of aligned polyimide film, not only the ＂shish＂ of polymer main chain can be aligned by the virtue of orientation of ＂kebabs＂ but also the uniform cross-conjugated structure between the ＂kebabs＂ and ＂shish＂ can be broken. Then, the alignment of the polymer main chain showed yellow light emission and was also accompanied by orientation of the LC side chains showing blue light emission, this gave rise to a notable linearly polarized white fluorescence.

关键词： Liquid crystalline conjugated polymer Shish-kebab Single chain white-light-emitting Linearly polarized whitefluorescence.

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多聚酶链反应分析溶组织内阿米巴的致病性

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 1993年第3期11卷 172-175页

作者：程训佳 Hiroshi Tachibana Seiki kobayashi yoshimasa Kaneda 黄美玉上海医科大学寄生虫学教研室上海200032 Tokai University School of Medicine Knagawa 259-11Japan School of Medicine Keio UniversityTokyo 160Japan Tokai

从急性阿米巴痢疾患者粪便中分离所得的溶组织内阿米巴虫株SH-3、SH-6、SH-8的DNA和包囊携带者粪便中分离所得的溶组织内阿米巴 SH-5、SH-7的 DNA应用多聚酶链反应技术扩增30个周期后作琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,发现致病性引物 P_(11)、P_(12... 详细信息

从急性阿米巴痢疾患者粪便中分离所得的溶组织内阿米巴虫株SH-3、SH-6、SH-8的DNA和包囊携带者粪便中分离所得的溶组织内阿米巴 SH-5、SH-7的 DNA应用多聚酶链反应技术扩增30个周期后作琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,发现致病性引物 P_(11)、P_(12)可使SH-8虫株的DNA增殖;而非致病性引物P_(13)、P_(14)可使SH-3、SH-5、SH-6和SH-7虫株的DNA增殖。另外,酶株群分析和单克隆抗体反应也显示SH-8为致病性虫株,而另4株虫株均属于非致病性虫株,与多聚酶链反应的结果相一致。提示,致病性虫株与非致病性虫株的基因有区别,多聚酶链反应对溶组织内阿米巴进行基因分析是一种敏感和特异的新方法。

关键词：阿米巴聚合酶链反应单克隆抗体

Vortex structures downstream a lobed nozzle/mixer

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航空动力学报 2008年第7期23卷 1266-1278页

作者： Hui Hu Toshio kobayashi Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-2271 Japan Automobile Research Institute Tokyo 105-0012 Japan

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first *** instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex *** the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was *** addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.

关键词：飞机涡旋不稳定性混频器

OPTIMAL SUBSTRUCTURE OF SET-VALUED SOLUTIONS OF NORMAL-FORM GAMES AND COORDINATION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第1期22卷 63-76页

作者： Norimasa kobayashi Kyoichi KIJIMA Department of Value and Decision Science.Tokyo Institutc of Technology

A number of solution concepts of normal-form games have been proposed in the literature on subspaces of action profiles that have Nash type stability. While the literature mainly focuses oil the minimal of such stable subspaces, this paper argues that non-minimal stable subspaces represent well the multi-agent situations to which neither Nash equilibrium nor rationalizability may be applied with satisfaction. As a theoretical support, the authors prove the optimal substructure of stable subspaces regarding the restriction of a game. It is further argued that the optimal substructure characterizes hierarchical diversity of coordination and interim phases in learning.

关键词： Coordination curb set learning Nash equilibrium optimal substructure prep set rationalizability restriction retract.

Development of a biliary multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent for bile tract diseases: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第11期7卷 1323-1329页

作者： Makoto kobayashi Division of Gastroenterology Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital

BACKGROUND Uncovered stents used for malignant obstructions in the biliary tree, especially in the hilar area, are prone to obstruction by tumor ingrowths. In comparison, however, covered stents may block bile duct branches and are at risk of migration. We have developed a multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent (MHSEMS), with a hole in each cell, to prevent the obstruction of bile duct branches. In addition, the holes may prevent migration due to small ingrowths by reducing the tension of the membrane. CASE SUMMARY MHSEMS were placed in five patients with a malignant obstruction and one with post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding. Each MHSEMS was successfully deployed in all cases. Patients showed no complications. Two cases were reviewed. Case 1: A 74-year-old male presented with jaundice and was diagnosed with a sigmoid colon cancer and giant liver metastases in the right liver lobe. A MHSEMS was placed in the left bile duct. The jaundice improved and peroral cholangioscopy was performed. Case 2: A 90-year-old female was admitted to hospital for jaundice and diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma. A MHSEMS was placed in the left bile duct but after 8 months the stent became obstructed by tumor ingrowth. We treated the patient by ablation therapy. A silicone cover separated the internal bile duct from the surrounding tissue, protecting the latter from thermal injury during treatment by endobiliary ablation of the reobstruction. CONCLUSION A MHSEMS is a new choice of stent for biliary tract diseases.

关键词： Multi-hole self-expandable metallic stent Malignant biliary stricture Benign biliary stricture Hilar biliary obstruction Distal biliary obstruction Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation Case report

A meta-analysis of responses of wheat yield formation to elevated ozone concentration

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第2期54卷 249-255页

作者： kobayashi Kazuhiko Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

The meta-analysis method was applied to quantitatively investigate effects of the elevated ozone concentration ([O3]) on chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and yield components of wheat. There were 39 effective references through Web of Science (ISI, USA) and Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI, China). The results of meta-analysis indicated that elevated [O3] decreased grain yield, grain weight, grain number per ear, ear number per plant and harvest index by 26%, 18%, 11%, 5% and 11%, respectively, relative to ambient air. The decrease in leaf physiological characters was much greater than that in yield when wheat was expose to elevated [O3], while light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (Gs) and chlorophyll content (Chl) decreased by 40%, 31%, and 46%, respectively. The responses to elevated [O3] between spring wheat and winter wheat were similar. Most of the variables showed a linear decrease trend with an increase of [O3]. The most significant decrease for Asat, Gs and Chl was found in grain filling stage. Elevated [CO2] could significantly ameliorated or offset the detrimental effects caused by elevated [O3].

关键词：小麦二氧化碳浓度臭氧气体交换

Hepatic pseudolesions caused by alterations in intrahepatic hemodynamics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第46期27卷 7894-7908页

作者： Satoshi kobayashi Department of Quantum Medical Technology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa 9200942IshikawaJapan

Hepatic pseudolesion may occur in contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging due to the unique haemodynamic characteristics of the *** concept of hepatic arterial buffer response(HABR)has become mainstream for the understanding of the mechanism of the reciprocal effect between hepatic arterial and portal venous *** HABR is thought to be significantly related to the occurrence of the abnormal imaging findings on arterial phase of contrast enhanced images,such as hepatic arterial-portal vein shunt and transient hepatic attenuation difference,which mimic hypervascular tumor and may cause clinical *** inflow to the liver also cause hepatic pseudolesion,and some of the cases may show histopathologic change such as focal hyperplasia,focal fatty liver,and focal sparing of fatty liver,and called *** understand these phenomena might be valuable for interpreting the liver imaging findings.

关键词： Pseudolesion Focal sparing of fatty liver Computed tomography Hepatic blood flow Hepatic hemodynamics Hyperplastic change

Microfluidic-based flexible reflective multicolor display

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 244-254页

作者： Kazuhiro kobayashi Hiroaki Onoe School of Integrated Design Engineering Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan

This paper describes a microfluidic-based flexible reflective display constructed using dyed water droplets and air gaps as pixel *** display is composed of a flexible polydimethylsiloxane sheet with a connected pixel-patterned *** types of dyed water droplets and air gaps are sequentially introduced to the microchannel through a suction process to display a multicolor *** displayed image is stable and can be retained without an energy *** ensure that images are displayed correctly,the geometric parameters of the dot pixel design and minimum differential pressure necessary to drive the water droplets are *** a demonstration,we successfully display three-color dot-matrix reflective images and bitmap characters in the *** proposed method can be applied to energy-less and color-changeable displays for use in future daily-life accessories,such as bags,shoes,and clothes,and can change the surface color and pattern of these accessories.

关键词： reflective fluid sequentially