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Rising trends of global precipitable water vapor and its correlation with flood frequency

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第4期14卷 355-367页

作者： Dong Ren yong wang Guocheng wang Lintao Liu State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384China

Using 4 global reanalysis data sets, significant upward trends of precipitable water vapor(PWV) were found in the 3 time periods of 1958-2020, 1979-2020, and 2000-2020. During 1958-2020, the global PWV trends obtained using the ERA5 and JRA55 data sets are 0.19 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.15 ± 0.31%)and 0.23 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.45 ± 0.32%), respectively. The PWV trends obtained using the ERA5,JRA55, NCEP-NCAR, and NCEP-DOE data sets are 0.22 ± 0.01 mm per decade(1.18 ± 0.54%),0.21 ± 0.00 mm per decade(1.76 ± 0.56%), 0.27 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.20 ± 0.70%) and 0.28 ± 0.01 mm per decade(2.19 ± 0.70%) for the period 1979-2020. During 2000-2020, the PWV trends obtained using ERA5, JRA55, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-NCAR data sets are 0.40 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.66 ± 1.51%),0.37 ± 0.24 mm per decade(2.19 ± 1.54%), 0.40 ± 0.26 mm per decade(1.96 ± 1.53%) and 0.36 ± 0.25 mm per decade(2.47 ± 1.72%), respectively. Rising PWV has a positive impact on changes in precipitation,increasing the probability of extreme precipitation and then changing the frequency of flood disasters.Therefore, exploring the relationship between PWV(derived from ERA5 and JRA55) change and flood disaster frequency from 1958 to 2020 revealed a significant positive correlation between them, with correlation coefficients of 0.68 and 0.79, respectively, which explains the effect of climate change on the increase in flood disaster frequency to a certain extent. The study can provide a reference for assessing the evolution of flood disasters and predicting their frequency trends.

关键词： Precipitable water vapor(PWV) Linear trend Correlation analysis Flood frequency

Darwinian rebel:The legacy of Loh-Seng Tsai-Chinese animal psychologist

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Protein & Cell 2022年第10期13卷 701-706页

作者： yong wang Wei Chen Shiying Li Bin Yin Center for Brain Mindand EducationShaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China School of Psychology Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Loh-Seng Tsai(蔡乐生,1901–1992)(Fig.1),the worldrenowned Chinese animal psychologist and psychopharmacologist,was born to a merchant family in Chaoan County,Guangdong Province on February 6th,1901.He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951 and U.S.President Nixon praised his“exemplary academic achievements”in 1973.Tsai’s research in experimental psychology can be divided into two stages.During the first stage(1919–1949),Tsai embarked on the path of psychology as a student under the guidance of Clarence Herbert Hamilton.Subsequently,Tsai expanded and popularized the experimental research conducted by comparative psychologist Zing-Yang Kuo(郭任远,1898–1970)and Harvey Carr,both of whom were Tsai’s supervisors at different times.

关键词： logist Peace expanded

Nitrate signaling and use efficiency in crops

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Plant Communications 2022年第5期3卷 88-100页

作者： Yangyang Gao Shengdong Qi yong wang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anShandong 271018China

Nitrate(NO3–)is not only an essential nutrient but also an important signaling molecule for plant growth.Low nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of crops is causing increasingly serious environmental and ecological problems.Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NO3–regulation in crops is crucial for NUE improvement in agriculture.During the last several years,significant progress has been made in understanding the regulation of NO3–signaling in crops,and some key NO3–signaling factors have been shown to play important roles in NO3–utilization.However,no detailed reviews have yet summarized these advances.Here,we focus mainly on recent advances in crop NO3–signaling,including short-term signaling,long-term signaling,and the impact of environmental factors.We also review the regulation of crop NUE by crucial genes involved in NO3–signaling.This review provides useful information for further research on NO3–signaling in crops and a theoretical basis for breeding new crop varieties with high NUE,which has great significance for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： nitrate signaling nitrogen use efficiency nitrate-regulatory gene nitrate regulation crop

Dual-interlayers constructed by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/ionic-liquid for enhanced performance of solid garnet batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 47-55,I0002页

作者： Xi wang yong wang Yiyu Wu Yunmiao Fan Yang Tian Department of Chemistry Analytical Instrumentation CenterCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

Li(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO) solid garnet-type electrolyte has been widely reported due to its outstanding safety and electrochemical stability.However,the inherent rigidity and brittleness of LLZTO lead to poor contact with anode/cathode and the operation failure of full cells.Herein,the dual-interlayers are constructed as the fast interfacial ion-migration channel by using Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene,Txis-O,-OH,-F) with trace ionic liquid(IL),which promote the intimate contact between LLZTO and anode/cathode and suppress Li-dendrites growth.Notably,IL can wet the cathode to promote intimate interface contact and be decomposed into some inorganic compounds(such as Li3N,LiF,and Li2Sx),resulting in reduced interfacial resistance and fast Li-ion transportation.Consequently,in the prepared Li-symmetric cell,the interfacial resistance on the anode side plunges to 33.1 Ω cm^(-2),and stably maintains over 1000 h without short circuit at 0.05 mA cm^(-2).The full cell of Li|LiFePO4delivers a high initial capacity of 158.52 mA h g^(-1)and outstanding retention of 90.18% after 100 cycles at 60℃ and 0.2 C.Our work provides an efficient strategy to design dual-interlayers between LLZTO and anode/cathode for the interfacial modification to enhance the performance of solid garnet batteries.

关键词： MXene composite Interfacial modiﬁcation Garnet electrolyte Solid battery Ion-transportation

Preparation of polysulfone-based block copolymer ultrafiltration membranes by selective swelling and sacrificing nanofillers

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 745-754页

作者： Shanshan Zhang Jiemei Zhou Zhaogen wang Jianzhong Xia yong wang State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Beijing OriginWater Membrane Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China

Selective swelling of block copolymers of polysulfone-b-poly(ethylene glycol)is an emerging strategy to prepare new types of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes.Herein,we prepared nanoporous polysulfoneb-poly(ethylene glycol)ultrafiltration membranes by selective swelling and further promoted their porosity and ultrafiltration performances by using CaCO_(3) nanoparticles as the sacrificial nanofillers.Different contents of CaCO_(3) nanoparticles were doped into the solution of polysulfone-b-poly(ethylene glycol),and thus obtained suspensions were used to prepare both self-supported and bi-layered composite structures.Selective swelling was performed on the obtained block copolymer structures in the solvent pair of ethanol/acetone,producing nanoporous membranes with poly(ethylene glycol)lined along pore walls.The CaCO_(3) nanoparticles dispersed in polysulfoneb-poly(ethylene glycol)were subsequently etched away by hydrochloric acid and the spaces initially occupied by CaCO_(3) provided extra pores to the block copolymer layers.The porosity of the membranes was increased with increasing CaCO_(3) content up to 41%,but further increase in the CaCO_(3) content led to partial collapse of the membrane.The sacrificial CaCO_(3) particles provided extra pores and enhanced the connectivity between adjacent pores.Consequently,the membranes prepared under optimized conditions exhibited up to 80%increase in water permeance with slight decrease in rejection compared to neat membranes without the use of sacrificial CaCO_(3) particles.

关键词： block copolymers selective swelling ultrafiltration CaCO_(3)nanoparticles sacrificial nanofillers

济阳坳陷古近系沙三下—沙四上亚段咸化湖盆证据及页岩油气地质意义

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中国石油大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期48卷 27-36页

作者：王勇中国石化胜利油田公司勘探开发研究院山东东营257015 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室山东东营257015

济阳坳陷是渤海湾盆地常规油气最为富集的坳陷之一,也是页岩油获得全面战略性勘探突破的坳陷,古近系沙河街组发育沙三下亚段、沙四上亚段2套主力烃源岩,其沉积环境颇受争议。利用页岩系统取芯井岩石学、元素地球化学、同位素和包裹体等... 详细信息

济阳坳陷是渤海湾盆地常规油气最为富集的坳陷之一,也是页岩油获得全面战略性勘探突破的坳陷,古近系沙河街组发育沙三下亚段、沙四上亚段2套主力烃源岩,其沉积环境颇受争议。利用页岩系统取芯井岩石学、元素地球化学、同位素和包裹体等资料对页岩沉积环境进行系统研究。结果表明:古近系沙三下—沙四上亚段页岩为气候控制下的咸化湖盆的产物,主要发育富碳酸盐纹层状岩相,碳酸盐矿物质量分数高,多呈纹层状、透镜状产出,平均质量分数为43%,背散射扫描电镜下部分页岩样品发现NaCl、BaSO_(4)和SrSO_(4)典型的咸化湖盆标志性矿物,页岩沉积期水体盐度相对较高;水体环境的w(Sr)/w(Ba)大于1,Sr元素质量分数大于500μg/g,B元素质量分数大于75×10^(-6),相当硼质量分数主要分布在300×10^(-6)~700×10^(-6),均显示为咸化环境;页岩w(^(87)Sr)/w(^(86)Sr)为0.710 7~0.712 4,明显高于同期海水的w(^(87)Sr)/w(^(86)Sr),结合对应稀土元素Ce正异常特征,认为沉积期水体条件受控于盆地自身环境,与海侵没有必然联系;碳酸盐矿物δ^(18)O主要分布在-11‰~-3‰,δ^(13)C主要分布在0~6‰,δ^(18)O、δ^(13)C均偏大,与沉积期湖盆气候相对干旱、湖水蒸发作用增强有关;页岩中检测到气液两相原生盐水包裹体均一化温度范围在32.5~45.3℃,对应盐度范围为19.21%~27.78%,成岩早期地层流体盐度较高;气候控制下的咸水环境为富碳酸盐页岩形成提供条件,奠定济阳坳陷古近系沙三下—沙四上亚段页岩油富集高产的基础。

关键词：济阳坳陷常规油气页岩油咸化湖盆富碳酸盐纹层状岩相

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Boosting the Performance Gain of Ru/C for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Via Surface Engineering

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 415-424页

作者： Xiaobing Bao Yuzhuo Chen Shanjun Mao yong wang yong Yang Yutong Gong State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group Institute of CatalysisDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China

The surface properties of catalysts determine the intrinsic activity and adaptability.Ruthenium is regarded as a potential candidate to substitute platinum for water electrolysis due to the low cost and analogous electronic structures while it suffers from severe dissolution and stability problems.Herein,the modification of Ru/C with atomically dispersed cobalt atoms is achieved via a simple thermal doping method.The newly formed amorphous shell with Ru-Co sites on the Ru/C catalyst improved the hydrogen evolution reaction activity and stability significantly.Impressively,the obtained Co1Ru@Ru/CN_(x)catalyst exhibited an overpotential as low as 30 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in an alkaline medium,which is among the best HER catalysts reported so far.The oxygen oxophile Co prevents the fast oxidation and dissolution of Ru species,ensuring outstanding long-term durability up to 70 h.Theoretical calculations reveal that the Ru-Co coordination acts as a more active site for water dissociation than the Ru-Ru.Meanwhile,the"Ru-Co shell/Ru core"structures show high adaptability for the reaction conditions.This simple doping strategy offers prospects for scalable preparation of highly active electrocatalysts.

关键词： high performance hydrogen evolution reaction ruthenium catalyst surface engineering

Value of magnetic resonance diffusion combined with perfusion imaging techniques for diagnosing potentially malignant breast lesions

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第18期10卷 6021-6031页

作者： Hui Zhang Xin-Yi Zhang yong wang Department of Radiology Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Radiology the First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Lesions of breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)4 at mammography vary from benign to malignant,leading to difficulties for clinicians to distinguish between them.The specificity of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in detecting breast is relatively low,leading to many false-positive results and high rates of re-examination or biopsy.Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),combined with perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI),might help to distinguish between benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 breast lesions at mammography.AIM To evaluate the value of DWI and PWI in diagnosing BI-RADS 4 breast lesions.METHODS This is a retrospective study which included patients who underwent breast MRI between May 2017 and May 2019 in the hospital.The lesions were divided into benign and malignant groups according to the classification of histopathological results.The diagnostic efficacy of DWI and PWI were analyzed respectively and combinedly.The 95 lesions were divided according to histopathological diagnosis,with 46 benign and 49 malignant.The main statistical methods used included the Student t-test,the Mann-Whitney U-test,the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS The mean apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values in the parenchyma and lesion area of the normal mammary gland were 1.82±0.22×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s and 1.24±0.16×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,respectively(P=0.021).The mean ADC value of the malignant group was 1.09±0.23×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,which was lower than that of the benign group(1.42±0.68×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s)(P=0.016).The volume transfer constant(Ktrans)and rate constant(Kep)values were higher in malignant lesions than in benign ones(all P<0.001),but there were no significant statistical differences regarding volume fraction(V_(e))(P=0.866).The sensitivity and specificity of PWI combined with DWI(91.7%and 89.3%,respectively)were higher than that of PWI or DWI alone.The accuracy of PWI combined with DWI in predicting pathological results was significantly higher than that predicted by PWI or DWI alone.CONCLUSION DWI,combined wit

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Breast diseases Diffusion-weighted imaging Perfusion-weighted imaging

Atomic layer deposition of TiO_(2) on carbon-nanotubes membrane for capacitive deionization removal of chromium from water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第5期35卷 15-21页

作者： Jianhua Feng Sen Xiong Li Ren yong wang College of Material and Chemical Engineering Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

Chromium(Cr)is a common heavy metal that has severe impacts on the ecosystem and human health.Capacitive deionization(CDI)is an environment-friendly and energy-efficient electrochemical purification technology to remove Cr from polluted water.The performance of CDI systems relies primarily on the properties of electrodes.Carbon-nanotubes(CNTs)membranes are promising candidates in creating advanced CDI electrodes and processes.However,the low electrosorption capacity and high hydrophobicity of CNTs greatly impede their applications in water systems.In this study,we employ atomic layer deposition(ALD)to deposit TiO_(2) nanoparticulates on CNTs membranes for preparing electrodes with hydrophilicity.The TiO_(2)-deposited CNTs membranes display preferable electrosorption performance and reusability in CDI processes after only 20 ALD cycles deposition.The total Cr and Cr(VI)removal efficiencies are significantly improved to 92.1%and 93.3%,respectively.This work demonstrates that ALD is a highly controllable and simple method to produce advanced CDI electrodes,and broadens the application of metal oxide/carbon composites in the electrochemical processes.

关键词： Carbon-nanotube membranes Atomic layer deposition Capacitive deionization Chromium removal