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A Brief Introduction to Organic Electrodeposition and a Review of the Fabrication of OLEDs based on Electrodeposition Technology

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第5期41卷 621-639,I0005页

作者： Bo-Han Wang Yu-Guang Ma yong Cao Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China

Electrodeposition is an old and effective method for the fabrication of organic films.Though electrodeposited organic films have been widely used in various applications,highly luminescent films have been a great challenge because the electrochemically doped state may strongly quench the fluorescence.In the first part of this review,the organic electrodeposition techniques,along with general electropolymerization and other special electrodepositions are introduced.In the second part of the review,we describe how to electrochemically fabricate luminescent films for organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).With the rational molecular design and well-controlled electrodeposition process,we have not only demonstrated high-performance OLEDs,but also paved a promising way to practice active-matrix OLEDs(AMOLEDs)and super-resolution OLEDs.In particular,RGB 3×3 array OLEDs based on active-matrix substrates,RGB passive-matrix OLEDs(PMOLEDs)with a resolution of 210 ppi,and monochromatic OLEDs with a super-resolution of 2822 ppi have been successfully fabricated.It is highly anticipated that the organic electrodeposition technology is of comparable or perhaps even higher contenders in manufacturing and downscaling OLEDs and AMOLEDs with low-cost and high-resolution for the human-computer interaction fields such as augmented reality(AR),virtual reality(VR),etc.

关键词： Electrochemistry Organic electrodeposition Electropolymerization Luminescent films OLEDs

Bioinspired Closed-loop CPG-based Control of a Robotic Manta for Autonomous Swimming

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 177-191页

作者： Yiwei Hao yonghui cao Yingzhuo cao Xiong Mo Qiaogao Huang Lei Gong Guang Pan yong Cao School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Unmanned Vehicle Innovation Center Ningbo Institute of NPUNingbo 315103China Key Laboratory of Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Technology of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Xi'an 710072China

Fish in nature exhibit a variety of swimming modes such as forward swimming,backward swimming,turning,pitching,etc.,enabling them to swim in complex scenes such as coral reefs.It is still difficult for a robotic fish to swim autonomously in a confined area as a real fish.Here,we develop an untethered robotic manta as an experimental platform,which consists of two flexible pectoral fins and a tail fin,with three infrared sensors installed on the front,left,and right sides of the head to sense the surrounding obstacles.To generate multiple swimming modes of the robotic manta and online switching of different modes,we design a closed-loop Central Pattern Generator(CPG)controller based on distance information and use a combination of phase difference and amplitude of the CPG model to achieve stable and rapid adjustment of yaw angle.To verify the autonomous swimming ability of the robotic manta in complex scenes,we design an experimental scenario with a concave obstacle.The experimental results show that the robotic manta can achieve forward swimming,backward swimming,in situ turning within the concave obstacle,and finally exit from the area safely while relying on the perception of external obstacles,which can provide insight into the autonomous exploration of complex scenes by the biomimetic robotic fish.Finally,the swimming ability of the robotic manta is verified by field tests.

关键词： Biomimetic robotic manta Central Pattern Generator Closed-loop control Backward swimming

Effect of Active–Passive Deformation on the Thrust by the Pectoral Fins of Bionic Manta Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 718-728页

作者： Yang Lu Shaomin Meng Cheng Xing Yiwei Hao yonghui cao Guang Pan yong Cao School of Marine Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China Unmanned Vehicle Innovation Center Ningbo Institute of NPUNingbo315103China State Key Lab of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Bionic manta underwater vehicles will play an essential role in future oceans and can perform tasks,such as long-duration reconnaissance and exploration,due to their efficient propulsion.The manta wings’deformation is evident during the swimming process.To improve the propulsion performance of the unmanned submersible,the study of the deformation into the bionic pectoral fin is necessary.In this research,we designed and fabricated a flexible bionic pectoral fin,which is based on the Fin Ray®effect with active and passive deformation(APD)capability.The APD fin was actively controlled by two servo motors and could be passively deformed to variable degrees.The APD fin was moved at 0.5 Hz beat frequency,and the propulsive performance was experimentally verified of the bionic pectoral fins equipped with different extents of deformation.These results showed that the pectoral fin with active–passive deformed capabilities could achieve similar natural biological deformation in the wingspan direction.The average thrust(T)under the optimal wingspan deformation is 61.5%higher than the traditional passive deformed pectoral fins.The obtained results shed light on the design and optimization of the bionic pectoral fins to improve the propulsive performance of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUV).

关键词： Manta ray Bionic pectoral fin Fin Ray®effect Active-passive deformation(APD)

Modeling effects of alloying elements and heat treatment parameters on mechanical properties of hot die steel with back-propagation artificial neural network

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2017年第12期24卷 1254-1260页

作者： yong Liu Jing-chuan Zhu yong Cao School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina National Key Laboratory for Metal Precision Hot Processing of Metals Harbin 150001HeilongjiangChina

Materials data deep-excavation is very important in materials genome exploration.In order to carry out materials data deep-excavation in hot die steels and obtain the relationships among alloying elements,heat treatment parameters and materials properties,a 11×12×12×4 back-propagation（BP）artificial neural network（ANN）was set up.Alloying element contents,quenching and tempering temperatures were selected as input;hardness,tensile and yield strength were set as output parameters.The ANN shows a high fitting precision.The effects of alloying elements and heat treatment parameters on the properties of hot die steel were studied using this model.The results indicate that high temperature hardness increases with increasing alloying element content of C,Si,Mo,W,Ni,V and Cr to a maximum value and decreases with further increase in alloying element content.The ANN also predicts that the high temperature hardness will decrease with increasing quenching temperature,and possess an optimal value with increasing tempering temperature.This model provides a new tool for novel hot die steel design.

关键词： Back-propagation artificial neural network Hot die steel Alloying element Heat treatment

A high frequency vibration compensation approach for ultrahigh resolution SAR imaging based on sinusoidal frequency modulation Fourier-Bessel transform

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2023年第4期34卷 894-905页

作者： CHEN Siyu WANG yong cao Rui School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Ultrahigh resolution synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imaging for ship targets is significant in SAR imaging,but it suffers from high frequency vibration of the platform,which will induce defocus into SAR imaging results.In this paper,a novel compensation method based on the sinusoidal frequency modulation Fourier-Bessel transform(SFMFBT)is proposed,it can estimate the vibration errors,and the phase shift ambiguity can be avoided via extracting the time frequency ridge consequently.By constructing the corresponding compensation function and combined with the inverse SAR(ISAR)technique,well-focused imaging results can be obtained.The simulation imaging results of ship targets demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar(SAR) high frequency vibration compensation sinusoidal frequency modulation FourierBessel transform(SFMFBT)

All-Polymer Solar Cells and Photodetectors with Improved Stability Enabled by Terpolymers Containing Antioxidant Side Chains

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第9期15卷 190-204页

作者： Chunyang Zhang Ao Song Qiri Huang Yunhao cao Zuiyi Zhong Youcai Liang Kai Zhang Chunchen Liu Fei Huang yong Cao Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China

It is of vital importance to improve the long-term and photostability of organic photovoltaics,including organic solar cells(OSCs)and organic photodetectors(OPDs),for their ultimate industrialization.Herein,two series of terpolymers featuring with an antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)-terminated side chain,PTzBI-EHp-BTBHTx and N2200-BTBHTx(x=0.05,0.1,0.2),are designed and synthesized.It was found that incorporating appropriate ratio of benzothiadiazole(BT)with BHT side chains on the conjugated backbone would induce negligible effect on the molecular weight,absorption spectra and energy levels of polymers,however,which would obviously enhance the photostability of these polymers.Consequently,all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)and photodetectors were fabricated,and the all-PSC based on PTzBI-EHp-BTBHT0.05:N2200 realized an optimal power conversion efficiency(PCE)approaching~10%,outperforming the device based on pristine PTzBI-EHp:N2200.Impressively,the all-PSCs based on BHT-featuring terpolymers displayed alleviated PCEs degradation under continuous irradiation for 300 h due to the improved morphological and photostability of active layers.The OPDs based on BHT-featuring terpolymers achieved a lower dark current at−0.1 bias,which could be stabilized even after irradiation over 400 h.This study provides a feasible approach to develop terpolymers with antioxidant efficacy for improving the lifetime of OSCs and OPDs.

关键词： Organic photovoltaics Device operational stability All-polymer solar cell Organic photodetector Antioxidant

Supraclinoid internal carotid artery blister-like aneurysms:hypothesized pathogenesis and microsurgical clipping outcomes

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2022年第1期8卷 16-25页

作者： Shanwen Chen Xin Chen Bo Ning yong Cao Shuo Wang Department of Neurosurgery the Hospital of Shunyi DistrictNo.3 Guangming Nan StreetShunyi DistrictBeijing 101300China Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesNo.119 South 4th Ring West RoadFengtai DistrictBeijing 100050China Department of Neurosurgery Guangzhou Red Cross HospitalJinan UniversityNo.396 Tongfu Zhong RoadHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510220GuangdongChina

Background:Blister-like aneurysms(BLAs)on the supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery(ICA)are an enigma of cerebrovascular disease.Neither has a definite pathogenesis been so far identified,nor have uniform treatment guidelines been established for them.Our aim was to develop a hypothesis regarding the evolution of BLAs according to their macroscopic morphologies and to evaluate the efficacy of microsurgical clipping.Methods:The clinical data and morphological features of 15 consecutive patients with 16 BLAs on the supraclinoid ICA were retrospectively reviewed.The treatment strategies were analyzed,and functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale(mRS).Favorable outcomes were defined as a mRS score of 0-2.Results:Morphologically,aneurysm growth with expansion of the aneurysm neck before the surgical procedure occurred in two ruptured and one unruptured aneurysm.Daughter bleb formation was observed in two ruptured and five unruptured aneurysms.A varied degree of parent artery sclerosis was observed in nine patients.Thirteen patients were treated with direct surgical clipping,one patient was treated with clipping and wrapping,and the remaining patient was treated with an encircling clipping graft.Favorable and unfavorable outcomes were observed in 13 and two cases,respectively.Follow-up angiograms revealed 4 cases of stenosis with respective degree of mild,30%,50%,and 80%without any neurological dysfunction.Conclusions:We suggest a hypothesis that BLAs on the supraclinoid ICA may share different evolving mechanisms between ruptured and unruptured lesions.A majority of them can be reliably and safely obliterated by direct clipping technique,except for the aneurysms accompanied with severely atherosclerotic parent walls.

关键词： Blister-like aneurysm Internal carotid artery Microsurgical clipping Morphology Prognosis

Record Flood-Producing Rainstorms of July 2021 and August 1975 in Henan of China:Comparative Synoptic Analysis Using ERA5

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第6期36卷 809-823页

作者： Jian RAO Jin XIE yong Cao Suxing ZHU Qian LU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China National Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China

This study compares two rainstorms that swept through Henan Province of China in July 2021 and August 1975.The heavy rainfall and related synoptic systems and processes are diagnosed based on hourly ERA5 reanalysis data and precipitation observations from the China Meteorological Administration.It is estimated that most of the daily rainfall in Henan was caused by synoptic-scale precipitation,with the sub-synoptic convective rainfall intermittently dominating some of the hourly total rainfall.The rainband moved at about 2 m s^(-1) during the July 2021 rainstorm,whereas it was almost stationary during the August 1975 rainstorm when the heavy rainfall was concentrated in southern Henan.A double-typhoon circulation pattern with a subtropical high over the Bohai and Yellow Seas was observed during both rainstorms.The heavy rainfall during the July 2021 event was controlled remotely by Typhoons Cempaka and In-Fa,which provided a path for the transport of moisture via the southerly jet associated with Typhoon Cempaka and the easterly(or southeasterly)jet associated with Typhoon In-Fa.The rainstorm in August1975 was caused more directly by Typhoon Nina,which made landfall in Fujian Province and moved toward Henan Province.The rainfall around the inverted trough of the motionless Typhoon Nina produced a cumulative effect.The two rainstorms also differed in their circulation patterns in the upper troposphere.The intrusion of high potential vorticity air over Central China occurred in the July 2021 extreme rainstorm,whereas the South Asian high was enhanced and biased further north during the August 1975 rainstorm.Further analysis showed that the northward and westward transport of moisture took place during the July 2021 rainstorm,whereas the westward transport of moisture from the east of Henan dominated near the inverted trough of Typhoon Nina during the August 1975 rainstorm.

关键词： August 1975(“75.8”)rainstorm July 2021(“21.7”)rainstorm Henan rainstorms double-typhoon circulation patterns

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Non-synchronous Blade Vibration Excitation in a Transonic Axial Compressor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 602-610页

作者： WANG Songbai WU Yadong CHEN yong cao Zhipeng School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment Chengdu610500China

The complex flow phenomenon of rotating instability(RI) and its induced non-synchronous vibration(NSV) have become a significant challenge as they continuously increase aerodynamic load.This study aims to provide an understanding of the non-synchronous blade vibration phenomenon caused by the rotating instability of a transonic axial compressor rotor.In this case,blade vibrations and non-synchronous excitation are captured by strain gauges and unsteady wall pressure transducer sensors.Unsteady numerical simulations for a full-annulus configuration are used to obtain the non-synchronous flow excitation.The results show that the first-stage rotor blade exhibits an NSV close to the first bending mode;NSV is accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure pulsation;amplitude can reach 20%,and unsteady aerodynamic frequency will lock in a structural mode frequency when the blade vibrates in a large-amplitude motion.The predicted NSV frequency aligns well with the experimental results.The dominant mode of circumferential instability flow structure is approximately 47% of the number blades,and the cell size occupies 2-3 pitches in the circumferential direction.The full-annulus unsteady simulations demonstrate that the streamwise oscillation of the shedding and reattachment vortex structure is the main cause of NSV owing to the strong interaction between the tip leakage and separation vortices near the suction surface.

关键词： non-synchronous vibration transonic axial compressor rotor blade rotating instabilities unsteady flow