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尼泊尔的能源与环境

世界环境 1991年第4期 38-40页

作者： chandra Kanta sharma 于涛

1.引言尼泊尔是一个位于印度和中国之间的内陆高山小国,面积为14.7181万(公里)~2。它拥有多样的地质生态环境,目前人口为1760万,1988年时人口年增长率为2.66％。人口增长正在向森林储量施加日益增大的压力,尤其是在丘陵地区和山区,薪柴... 详细信息

1.引言尼泊尔是一个位于印度和中国之间的内陆高山小国,面积为14.7181万(公里)~2。它拥有多样的地质生态环境,目前人口为1760万,1988年时人口年增长率为2.66％。人口增长正在向森林储量施加日益增大的压力,尤其是在丘陵地区和山区,薪柴林的日渐短缺和相关的土壤侵蚀已成为严重的问题,急需寻求迅速的对策,以维持森林和农业的生产力,以及丘陵、山区和特赖平原人民的生活质量。环境退化问题是复杂的,有时可按范围和时间这两方面分类。退化可能会集中于一个点源上,如在城市地区,或分散在广大区域之间,如毁林那种情况。在时间上。

关键词：城市地区毁林土壤侵蚀人口增长薪柴环境退化人口年增长率生态环境生活质量水电项目

Optical and Physical Analysis of Nd3. Doped Borosilicate Glasses

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2015年第11期5卷 406-417页

作者： yogesh Kumar sharma Priyanka Goyal Sudha Pal Umesh chandra Bind Department of Physics S.B.S. Govt. P. G. College Rudrapur (Kumaun University Nainital)-263153 Uttarakhand India Centre of Nano Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India

Atypical Olfactory Neuroblastoma Presenting as Sinonasal Polyposis with Nasopharyngeal Extension: A Case Report

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第5期4卷 394-400页

作者： Jagdish Prasad Purohit chandra Bhan Bhoopendra Singh Ajay Pratap Singh Siva Selvaraj Manish Pandey Vijay Krishna sharma Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery MLB Medical College Jhansi India

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma also known as Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a tumor arising from the basal layer of olfactory epithelium in the superior recess of the nasal cavity in the region of cribriform plate. Incidence peaks once in 11 - 20 years of age and again in 50 - 60 years of age. It is equally found in men and women. Aim: The main aim of this case report is to characterize the clinical features of ENB showing nasopharyngeal involvement and its importance in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal neuroendocrine malignancies. Case presentation: Two cases are reported. The first case was a 21-year-old male with symptoms of nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis, nasal discharge, headache and paresthesia over the face with an evolution of 1 year with no previous history of trauma. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed reddish gray mass filling bilateral nasal cavities. Posterior rhinoscopy revealed mass coming through choanae and filling the nasopharynx. Endoscopic resection of tumor was done and postoperatively all the symptoms of the patient resolved. The second case was a 62-year-old male with complaints of nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, recurrent epistaxis, anosmia and difficulty in swallowing. On computed tomography, anteriorly, the mass was extending up to external nares and posteriorly up to the nasopharynx, superiorly up to nasal roof and inferiorly up to hard palate. No obvious erosion of floor of anterior cranial fossa was seen. No intracranial extension was seen. Surgery was advised but patient refused to undergo any treatment. Conclusion: This study highlights the characteristics and clinical features of ENB showing nasopharyngeal involvement and their importance in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal neuroendocrine malignancies.

关键词： Esthesioneuroblastoma Cribriform Plate Neuroectodermal

Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Young Male Secondary to Hyperhomocysteinemia

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第7期10卷 410-416页

作者： Kiran Prasad Acharya chandra Mani Adhikari Dipanker Prajapati Sachin Dhungel Amrit Bogati Mohamed Shaneez Najmy Pratima Poudel Deewakar sharma Department of Cardiology Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre Kathmandu Nepal Department of Dermatology Kanti Children Hospital Kathmandu Nepal

Homocysteine is sulfur containing intermediary amino acid formed by the demethylation of dietary methionine to cysteine. The raised serum homocysteine level is one of the important risk factors associated with coronary artery disease. We present a 23-year-old male with no other risk factors of coronary artery disease presented to us with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and was treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. During the routine work up post percutaneous coronary intervention significant elevation of serum homocysteine level was seen with markedly low serum vitamin B12 level and was treated for it along with standard therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The case illustrates the need to incorporate a plasma homocysteine level during work up of coronary artery disease especially in young patients, more importantly in those without any conventional risk factors.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Young Myocardial Infarction Risk Factors

Removal of Malathion from Aqueous Solutions and Waste Water Using Fly Ash

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第4期2卷 322-330页

作者： Vinay K. Singh Ravi S. Singh Prem N. Tiwari Jai K. Singh Fethiye Gode yogesh C. sharma 不详

Fly ash, obtained from a thermal power plant, Anpara, Sonebhadra, India has been used as an effective ad-sorbent for the removal of malathion from aqueous solutions. The time required to attain equilibrium was found to increase from 40 to 60 minutes as the initial malathion concentration increases from 1 to 10 mg/L. The optimum pH value for adsorption was 4.50. The removal of malathion increased by increasing the tem-perature indicating endothermic nature of removal process. The fly ash exhibited first order rate kinetics and followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Endothermic nature of adsorption process was further supported from increasing values of Langmuir and Freundlich constants with increase in temperature. The adsorbent can be used as an economical product for the removal of malathion from wastewater also. A comparison of the adsorption capacity of fly ash with other adsorbents shows that fly ash can be used for the removal of malathion from aqueous solutions.

关键词： Adsorption Wastewater Removal Fly Ash Malathion

Prevalence of Dry Eye and Its Association with Various Risk Factors in Rural Setup of Western Uttar Pradesh in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Ravi Ranjan Sushil Kumar Shukla chandra Veer Singh B. N. Mishra Sriti Sinha B. D. sharma Department of Ophthalmology U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Community Medicine U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Pharmacology U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Saifai India Department of Community Medicine R. D. Gardi Medical College Ujjain India District Hospital Etawah India

Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above 20 years of age were screened randomly for dry eye. An 8 points questionnaires, slit lamp examination of meibomian glands, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining of cornea, schirmer test were used to diagnose dry eye. The diagnosis was made when three of the five parameters were positive. The role of various occupations as well as role of different exposure factors like sunlight, excessive wind, smoking, drugs, and air pollution as dry eye risk factors was accessed. Result: Out of 445, 45.39% patients had dry eye. Dry eye prevalence was higher in those above 70 years of age (74%). It was higher in male population (51.82%) compare to female population (37.37%), nearly equal in rural (46.04%) and urban population (44.31%) and highest among factory workers (90%). Correlation of dry eye with drugs (P = 0.0002), sunlight/high temperature (P = 0.0003) and smoking (P = 0.03) were significant. Conclusion: This is a hospital based study which provides prevalence of dry eye in rural region of western Uttar Pradesh. It is more common in old age male population and significantly higher in factory workers. Out of different modifiable risk factors most important are drugs, sunlight/high temperature and smoking.

关键词： Dry Eye Fluorescein Stain Schirmer Test Tear Film Break up Time

Impact of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>on Wheat Growth and Yield under Free Air CO<sub>2</sub>Enrichment

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第4期6卷 573-596页

作者： Vivek Pandey Marisha sharma Farah Deeba Vivek K. Maurya Sunil K. Gupta Satyendra P. Singh Aradhana Mishra chandra Shekhar Nautiyal Plant Ecology & Environmental Sciences CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India Division of Plant Microbe Interaction CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India

Impact of elevated CO2 (free air CO2 enrichment) was studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var Kundan) growth, yield and proteome. Elevated CO2 significantly impacted both underground (+24%) and aboveground (+15%) biomass. Grain weight/plant and harvest index were increased by 35% and 11.4%, respectively under high CO2. On the other hand, seed protein content was decreased by 19% under CO2 enrichment while seed starch and soluble sugar contents were increased by 8% and 23%, respectively. Wheat leaf proteomics revealed that 50 proteins were showing differential expression. Twenty proteins were more abundant while 30 were less abundant. Thirty two proteins were identified by MALDI TOF TOF. More abundant proteins were related to defense, photosynthesis, energy metabolism etc. While less abundant proteins were related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Wheat grain proteomics revealed that out of 49 differentially abundant proteins, 24 were more in abundance and 25 were less in abundance in wheat grains under eCO2 condition. Thirty three proteins were identified and functionally characterized. They were found to be involved mainly in carbon metabolism, storage, defence and proteolysis. Gluten proteins are the major component of wheat storage proteins. Our results showed that both high and low molecular weight glutenins were more in eCO2 wheat seeds while there was no change in gliadin evels. This might alter wheat dough strength. Concentration of grain Cr and As was increased at eCO2 while that of Fe, Cu, Zn and Se were found to be decreased. Dynamics of carbon utilization and metabolic abilities of soil microbes under eCO2 were significantly altered. Our study showed that altered wheat seed composition is cause for concern vis-à-vis nutrition and health and for industries which may have implications for agriculturally dominated country like India.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide FACE Wheat Proteomics Grain Yield Soil Microbes

Efficacy and Safety of PDM011011 Capsules as Compared to Metformin in Subjects with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Multicentric, Phase III Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2016年第1期6卷 38-48页

作者： Ashish C. Suthar Vikas G. Pai yogesh Kadam Aniruddha Tongaonkar Shailaja Kale Atul B. Deshpande Sharat Kolke Snehal Tanna Shrikant V. Deshpande Purvi Chawla Debjit Biswas Somesh sharma Piramal Enterprises Limited Mumbai India Pai Clinic and Diagnostic Center Pune India Poona Diabetes Centre Pune India Tongaonkar Hospital Pune India Orange Diabetes Clinical Research Unit Pune India Ethika Clinical Research Centre Prakruti Hospital Thane India Kolkes Clinic Mumbai India Clinic De Care Thane India Ashirwad Hospital and Medical Research Centre Thane India

Context: Bitter melon (Momoradica charantia) is one of the well-known plants used for lowering blood glucose since antiquity. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of PDM011011 capsule (1200 mg/day) with Metformin (1000 mg/day) in a 15 weeks study using mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and Hb1Ac% in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Settings and Design: This is an open-label, randomized, active-controlled, multicentric, phase III study. Methods and Material: A total of 123 eligible patients were randomized in 2:1 ratio in PDM011011 and Metformin arm. Total 83 subjects received PDM011011 capsule (1200 mg/day) and 40 subjects received Metformin (1000 mg/day) in their respective arms for 15 weeks. Subjects were analyzed for FPG and Hb1Ac% at baseline and during treatment visits (Visit 3 to Visit 7). Safety assessments were carried out. Results: In this study, the significant reduction in mean FPG level was observed after treatment with PDM011011 capsule and Metformin in T2DM patients. The mean change from baseline to week 15 in FPG was 14.52 mg/dL (95% CI: 6.36, 22.67) in the PDM011011-treated subjects and 28.34 mg/dL (95% CI: 21.35, 35.32) in the Metformin-treated subjects. At week 15, the mean change from baseline in HbA1c levels was 0.27% (95% CI: 0.06, 0.47) in the PDM011011 arm and 0.62% (95% CI: 0.40, 0.83) in the Metformin arm. Conclusion: PDM011011 capsule (1200 mg/day) exhibited the modest efficacy and safety as compared to Metformin (1000 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes patients.

关键词： Momoradica charantia Glycebal Diabetes mellitus Anti-Diabetic

生物陶瓷人工听骨在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

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长江大学学报（自科版）（下旬） 2016年第6期13卷 15-17,3-4页

作者： chandra sharma Suraj 田兴德强笔李彦张云龙长江大学医学院湖北荆州434000 长江大学第一临床医学院荆州市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科湖北荆州434000

目的：探讨生物陶瓷人工听骨在开放式鼓室成形术中应用的效果。方法：2010年1月至2014年12月间慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎的患者96例98耳，行开放式乳突根治鼓室成形术中应用生物陶瓷人工听骨作听骨链重建术，经1年以上随访，分析疾病康复和... 详细信息

目的：探讨生物陶瓷人工听骨在开放式鼓室成形术中应用的效果。方法：2010年1月至2014年12月间慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎的患者96例98耳，行开放式乳突根治鼓室成形术中应用生物陶瓷人工听骨作听骨链重建术，经1年以上随访，分析疾病康复和听力提高的效果。结果：鼓膜修补一次成功97耳，1耳术后鼓膜出现小穿孔。术后中耳乳突腔2个月干耳的85耳、3个月干耳10耳、〉3个月干耳3耳；术后迟发性面瘫1例，治疗康复。术后换药眩晕2例、耳廓软骨膜炎1例。术后12个月，98耳听力保存了术前相同或高于术前的听力水平。听力测试：语言频率平均气导听阈在30dBHL内有4例5耳，听力提高20-30dBHL 32耳，10-20dBHL26耳，0～10dBHL35耳。以听力提高10dBHL以上为有效，听力提高有效率为64．3％（63／98）。结论：生物陶瓷人工听骨生物相容性好，疗效确切，无不良反应，

关键词：陶瓷人工听骨开放式鼓室成形术听力重建