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Vagus nerve stimulation in cerebral stroke:biological mechanisms,therapeutic modalities,clinical applications,and future directions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1707-1717页

作者： Li Du xuan He Xiaoxing Xiong Xu zhang Zhihong Jian Zhenxing Yang Department of Anesthesiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Stroke is a major disorder of the central nervous system that poses a serious threat to human life and quality of *** stro ke victims are left with long-term neurological dysfunction,which adversely affects the well-being of the individual and the broader socioeconomic ***,poststroke brain dysfunction is a major and difficult area of *** nerve stimulation is a Food and Drug Administration-approved exploratory treatment option for autis m,refractory depression,epilepsy,and Alzheimer’s *** is expected to be a novel therapeutic technique for the treatment of stroke owing to its association with multiple mechanisms such as alte ring neurotransmitters and the plasticity of central neuro *** animal models of acute ischemic stroke,vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to reduce infarct size,reduce post-stroke neurological damage,and improve learning and memory capacity in rats with stroke by reducing the inflammatory response,regulating bloodbrain barrier permeability,and promoting angiogenesis and *** present,vagus nerve stimulation includes both invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve *** studies have found that invasive vagus nerve stimulation combined with rehabilitation therapy is effective in im proving upper limb motor and cognitive abilities in stroke *** clinical studies have shown that non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation,including ear/ce rvical vagus nerve stimulation,can stimulate vagal projections to the central nervous system similarly to invasive vagus nerve stimulation and can have the same *** this paper,we first describe the multiple effects of vagus nerve stimulation in stroke,and then discuss in depth its neuroprotective mechanisms in ischemic *** go on to outline the res ults of the current major clinical applications of invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve ***,we provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of di

关键词： cerebral stroke neuroplasticity non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation rehabilitation vagus nerve stimulation

The degradation pathways of contaminants by reactive oxygen species generated in the Fenton/Fenton-like systems

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 158-169页

作者： Chi zhang Ning Ding Yuwei Pan Lichun Fu ying zhang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business University.Beijing100048China College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhou 205000China Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China

Reactive oxygen species(ROSs)in Fenton process are of great importance in treating contaminants in *** is crucial to understand their chemical properties,formation,and reaction mechanisms with *** review summarizes the reactive oxygen species in Fenton process,including hydroxyl radical(·OH),superoxide radical(O_(2)·-),singlet oxygen(1O_(2)),hydroperoxyl radical(HO_(2)·),and high-valent iron.·OH shows a trend to react with chemistry groups with abundant electrons through H-atom abstraction,radical adduct formation and single electron *** transfer is discovered to be an important pathway when1O_(2)degrades organic ***-opening andβ-scission are proposed to be the possible ways of1O_(2)to certain *** abstraction,nucleophilic substitution,and single electron transfer are proposed to explain how O_(2)·-degrade *** the conjugated acid of O_(2)·-,radical adduct formation and H-atom abstraction are reported for the reaction mechanisms of hydroperoxyl ***-valent iron in Fenton,namely Fe(IV),reacts with certain pollutants via single-or two-electron *** review is important for researchers to understand the ROSs produced in Fenton and how they react with pollutants.

关键词： Fenton Hydroxyl radical Superoxide radical Singlet oxygen Hydroperoxyl radical High-valent iron

The Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in the Molecular Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis and Targeted Therapy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第5期40卷 621-634页

作者： Xiuxiu Liu ying zhang Yanming Zhao Qian zhang Feng Han Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Ministry of EducationNanjing211166China International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China Institute of Brain Science The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China Gusu School Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou Municipal HospitalThe Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou210019China

Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological syndrome characterized by recurrent,spontaneous,and synchronous *** pathogenesis of epilepsy,known as epileptogenesis,involves intricate changes in neurons,neuroglia,and endothelium,leading to structural and functional disorders within neurovascular units and culminating in the development of spontaneous *** current research on epilepsy treatments primarily centers around anti-seizure drugs,it is imperative to seek effective interventions capable of disrupting *** this end,a comprehensive exploration of the changes and the molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis holds the promise of identifying vital biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and potential therapeutic *** early diagnosis and timely intervention is paramount,as it stands to significantly improve patient prognosis and alleviate the socioeconomic *** this review,we highlight the changes and molecular mechanisms of the neurovascular unit in epileptogenesis and provide a theoretical basis for identifying biomarkers and drug targets.

关键词： Epileptogenesis Neurovascular unit Molecular mechanisms Drug targets

Gut flora in multiple sclerosis:implications for pathogenesis and treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1480-1488页

作者： Weiwei zhang ying Wang Mingqin Zhu Kangding Liu Hong-Liang zhang Department of Neurology the First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Life Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijingChina

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disorder chara cterized by inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration in the central nervous *** current first-line therapies can help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression,there is no cure for multiple *** gut-brain axis refers to complex communications between the gut flo ra and the immune,nervous,and endocrine systems,which bridges the functions of the gut and the *** in the gut flora,termed dys biosis,can lead to systemic inflammation,leaky gut syndrome,and increased susceptibility to *** pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors,and gut flora may play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses related to multiple scle *** develop more effective therapies for multiple scle rosis,we should further uncover the disease processes involved in multiple sclerosis and gain a better understanding of the gut-brain *** review provides an overview of the role of the gut flora in multiple scle rosis.

关键词： gut flora gut-brain axis multiple sclerosis pathogenesis treatment

Enhancing heavy gas capture in confined spaces through ventilation control technology

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Building Simulation 2024年第7期17卷 1161-1182页

作者： Tianqi Wang Angui Li Yuanqing Ma ying zhang Haiguo Yin School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyNo.13 Yanta RDXi’anShaanxi710055China

Gas leakage accidents occur frequently in confined spaces,and heavy gases with a relative density greater than 1.15 among hazardous gases and greenhouse gases are commonly stored in confined ***,atmospheric pollutant emission standards are becoming more stringent,and it is essential to remove heavy gas after accidents while reducing emissions to the *** study proposes using a heavy gas collection tank(HGCT)to safeguard the internal environment and minimize emissions to the *** capture efficiencies applicable to heavy-gas environments under different ventilation strategies are *** research analyzes the impact of the exhaust rate,leakage rate,density of heavy gas,and air supply modes on the indoor concentration *** results demonstrate that the mass flow rate of heavy gas into the exhaust is positively correlated with the exhaust rate,but the gas from the exhaust system contains more *** exhaust rate should be greater than four times the space volume per hour;otherwise,heavy gas above 1000 ppm accumulates to a height of 0.67 m at ground ***,attachment ventilation as make-up air helps to reduce upstream heavy gas accumulation and reduces the extension of heavy gas along the room *** an HGCT with floor slope and attachment ventilation achieves an efficiency of 96.28%.This study provides valuable insights and references for preventing hazardous heavy gas leakage.

关键词： confined gases otherwise

Glucose-sensitive Membrane with PBA-based Contraction-type Linear Polymer as Chemical Valves Prepared by Surface Grafting

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第8期42卷 1067-1076页

作者： Chun-Peng zhang Si-Jia Gao ying Luo Lei Zou Yong-Jun zhang State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Material Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases Institute of Hepatobiliary DiseaseNankai University Affiliated Third Center HospitalTianjin 300170China Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University Cangzhou 061000China

Glucose-sensitive membrane has potential application in self-regulating insulin *** acid(PBA)is a well-known glucose ***,most PBA-based glucose-sensitive materials are expansion-type,which are not suitable as chemical valves in membrane pores for self-regulating insulin *** to a new glucose-sensitive mechanism,we synthesized PBA-based contraction-type glucose-sensitive liner polymer and ***,a glucose-sensitive membrane was prepared by grafting PBA-based contraction-type glucose-sensitive linear polymer on the membrane *** adjusting the chain length and chain density,the glucose-sensitivity of the membrane was *** membrane can reversibly regulate insulin release at physiologically relevant glucose concentrations in simulates body fluids and fetal bovine *** membrane also has good stability,anti-fouling and biocom *** has potential application in selfregulating insulin release.

关键词： Phenylboronic acid Glucose-sensitive Membrane Surface grafting Insulin

Efficient nitrite-to-ammonia electroreduction over Zr-Ni frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1707-1714页

作者： ying zhang Zhuohang Li Wenyu Du Kai Chen Ke Chu School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

Electrochemical NO_(2)~--to-NH_(3) conversion(NO_(2)RR) offers a green route to NH_(3) electrosynthesis, while developing efficient NO_(2)RR catalysis systems at high current densities remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report an efficient Zr-NiO catalyst with atomically dispersed Zr-dopants incorporated in NiO lattice, delivering the exceptional NO_(2)RR performance with industriallevel current density(>0.2 A cm^(-2)). In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations reveal the construction of ZrNi frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs(FLPs) on Zr-Ni O, which can substantially increase the number of absorbed nitrite(NO_(2)~-),promote the activation and protonation of NO_(2)~- and concurrently hamper the H coverage, boosting the activity and selectivity of Zr-NiO towards the NO_(2)RR. Remarkably, Zr-NiO exhibits the exceptional performance in a flow cell with high Faradaic efficiency for NH_(3) of 94.0% and NH_(3)yield rate of 1,394.1 μmol h^(-1)cm^(-2) at an industrial-level current density of 228.2 m A cm^(-2),placing it among the best NO_(2)RR electrocatalysts for NH_(3) production.

关键词： electrochemical nitrite-to-ammonia conversion frustrated Lewis acid-base pairs(FLPs) in situ spectroscopy theoretical computations

Structural characteristics and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions at county-level and long-time scales:A case study of the Anji County,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 319-330页

作者： Zhouxiang Cai Liting Hu Di Chen ying zhang Xuekun Fang College of Environmental&Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Center for Global Change Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139United States Anji Meteorological Bureau Anji 313300China

To achieve carbon neutrality,the Chinese government needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,particularly at the county *** County in eastern China is a typical example of an industrial transformation from quarrying to a low-carbon *** study analyzed the decoupling types and structural characteristics of GHG emissions and the driving factors of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in the Anji from 2006 to 2019,and explored the differences between countylevel and provincial-level or city-level *** was observed that energy-related activities are the main source of GHG emissions in Anji and that economic development is the driving factor behind the increasing CO_(2)***,industrial transformation and upgradation coupled with the alternative use of clean energy limit the growth of GHG *** study details the GHG emissions of county during the industrial transformation stage and provides corresponding policy recommendations for county governments.

关键词： County GHG emissions Decoupling Driving factors Policy recommendations

Improved direct current electrical properties of XLPE modified by graftable antioxidant and crosslinking coagent at a wide temperature range

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 94-104页

作者： Xu Yang Hong Zhao Chengcheng zhang Chunyang Li Xindong Zhao Jiaming Yang xuan Wang Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbinChina

To enhance the DC electrical performance of cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE),the graftable antioxidant methacrylic acid 2-hydroxy-3-(4-anilinoanilino)propyl ester(GA),which contains carbonyl and amino groups,and the crosslinking coagent trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate(TMPTMA),which contains carbonyl groups,are individually or co-grafted onto *** slightly higher deep trap density introduced by higher grafting concentration of TMPTMA results in more significant suppression effect of conductance current and enhanced breakdown strength at a lower temperature,while the suppression effect for the conductance current at 90°C becomes weakened due to limited trap ***,the deeper energy level introduced by GA suppresses the conductance current and improves the electrical strength of XLPE at 90°C more *** co-grafting,the conductance current of XLPE in a wide range temperature can be significantly reduced,especially for the temperature dependence of conductance current,which is beneficial to suppress the field strength *** results of thermally stimulated current and molecular simulation show that the polar groups of two monomers introduce deep charge traps in *** co-grafting system ensures the rationality of the crosslinking reaction kinetics and does not affect the cable manufacturing.

关键词： crosslinking electrical grafting