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Progress and prospects of mining with backfill in metal mines in China

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第8期30卷 1455-1473页

作者： Gaili Xue erol yilmaz Yongding Wang College of Mining Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China Research Center of Green Mining Engineering Technology in Shanxi Province Taiyuan030024China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRizeTR53100Turkey Longshou Mine Jinchuan Group Co.Ltd.Jinchuan737100China

Mining is the foundation of modern industrial *** the context of the“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”era,countries have put forward the development strategy of“adhering to the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.”The ongoing progress and improvement of filling mining technology have provided significant advantages,such as“green mining,safe,efficient,and low-carbon emission,”which is crucial to the comprehensive utilization of mining solid waste,environmental protection,and safety of *** review paper describes the development history of metal mine filling mining in China and the characteristics of each *** excitation mechanism and current research status of producing cementitious materials from blast furnace slag and other industrial wastes are then presented,and the concept of developing cementitious materials for backfill based on the whole solid waste is *** advances in the mechanical characteristics of cemented backfill are elaborated on four typical levels:static mechanics,dynamic mechanics,mechanical influencing factors,and multi-scale *** working/rheological characteristics of the filling slurry are presented,given the importance of the filling materials conveying ***,the future perspectives of mining with backfill are discussed based on the features of modern filling concepts to provide the necessary theoretical research value for filling mining.

关键词： mining with backfill cementitious materials mechanical characteristics slurry properties future perspectives

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Reinforcing effects of polypropylene on energy absorption and fracturing of cement-based tailings backfill under impact loading

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 650-664页

作者： Jiajian Li Shuai Cao erol yilmaz School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRize TR53100Turkey

Polypropylene(PP)fiber-reinforced cement-based tailings backfill(FRCTB)is a green compound material with superior crack resistance and has good prospects for application in underground ***,FRCTB exhibits susceptibility to dynamic events,such as impact ground pressure and blast *** paper investigates the energy and crack distribution behavior of FRCTB under dynamic impact,considering the height/diameter(H/D)*** Hopkinson pressure bar,industrial computed tomography scan,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)experiments were carried out on six types of *** outcomes confirmed fiber aggregation at the bottom of *** H/D was less than 0.8,the proportion of PP fibers distributed along theθangle direction of80°-90°*** the total energy,all samples presented similar energy absorption,reflectance,and ***,a rise in H/D may cause a rise in the energy absorption rate of FRCTB during the peak phase.A positive correlation existed between the average strain rate and absorbed energy per unit *** increase in H/D resulted in a decreased crack volume fraction of *** the H/D was greater than or equal to 0.7,the maximum crack volume fraction of FRCTB was observed close to the incidence *** cracks were present only in the FRCTB with an H/D ratio of *** with H/D ratios of 0.5 and 0.6 showed similar distributions of weakly and heavily damaged *** fibers can limit the emergence and expansion of cracks by influencing their *** observations revealed considerable differences in the bonding strengths between fibers and the *** that adhered particularly well to the substrate were attracted together with the hydration products adhering to *** results show that FRCTB is promising as a sustainable and green backfill for determining the design properties of mining with backfill.

关键词： cement-based tailings fiber-reinforced backfills fracture energy absorption impact loading

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Effect of layer thickness on the flexural property and microstructure of 3D-printed rhomboid polymer-reinforced cemented tailing composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第2期30卷 236-249页

作者： Ziyue Zhao Shuai Cao erol yilmaz State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityFenerRize TR53100Turkey

For mines with poor ore bodies and surrounding rocks,the general mining method does not allow the ore to be extracted from underground safely and *** these mines,the downward layered filling mining technique is undoubtedly the most suitable mining *** downward filling mining technique may eliminate the troubles relating to poor ore deposit conditions,such as production safety,ore loss rate,and depletion ***,in this technique,the safety of the artificial roof of the next stratum is of paramount *** tailings backfilling(CTB)that is not sufficiently cemented and causes collapses could threaten ore *** paper explores a diamond-shaped composite structure to mimic the stability of a glued false roof in an actual infill mine based on the recently emerged three-dimensional(3D)printing *** means such as three-point bending and digital image correlation(DIC)techniques were used to explore the flexural characteristics of 3D construction specimens and CTB combinations with different cement/tailings weight ratios at diverse layer *** results show that the 3D structure with a 14-mm ply height and CTB has strong flexural characteristics,with a maximum deflection value of 30.1 mm,while the 3D-printed rhomboid polymer(3D-PRP)structure with a 26-mm ply height is slightly worse in terms of flexural strength characteristics,but it has a higher maximum flexural strength of 2.83 MPa.A combination of 3D structure and CTB has more unique mechanical properties than CTB *** research work offers practical knowledge on the artificial roof performance of the downward layered filling mining technique and builds a scientific knowledge base regarding the successful application of CTB material in mines.

关键词： tailings cemented fills 3D printed rhomboidal polymer three-point bending test digital image correlation

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Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanism of aligned steel fiber cement-based tail backfills exposed to electromagnetic induction

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第11期31卷 2390-2403页

作者： Xihao Li Shuai Cao erol yilmaz School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFener Rize TR53100Turkey

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB)not only boosts mining safety and cuts surface environmental pollution but also recovers ores previously retained as pillars,thereby improving resource *** use of alternative reinforcing products,such as steel fiber(SF),has continuously strengthened CTB into *** approach prevents strength decreases over time and reinforces its long-term durability,especially when mining ore in adjacent underground *** this study,various microstructure and strength tests were performed on SFCTB,considering steel fiber ratio and electromagnetic induction strength *** findings show that combining steel fibers and their distribution dominantly influences the improvement of the fill’s ***’s strength rises by fiber insertion and has an evident correlation with fiber insertion and magnetic induction *** magnetic induction strength is 3×10^(-4) T,peak uniaxial compressive stress reaches 5.73 MPa for a fiber ratio of 2.0vol%.The cracks’expansion mainly started from the specimen’s upper part,which steadily expanded downward by increasing the load until damage *** doping of steel fiber and its directional distribution delayed crack *** the doping of steel fiber was 2.0vol%,SFCTBs showed excellent ductility *** energy required for fills to reach destruction increases when steel-fiber insertion and magnetic induction strength *** study provides notional references for steel fibers as underground filling additives to enhance the fill’s durability in the course of mining operations.

关键词： electromagnetic induction steel fiber cemented tailings backfill strength microstructure

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Compressive fatigue behavior and failure evolution of additive fiber-reinforced cemented tailings composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第2期29卷 345-355页

作者： Jiajian Li Shuai Cao erol yilmaz Yunpeng Liu School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRize TR53100Turkey State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures(Wuhan University of Technology) Wuhan 430070China

The ordinary cemented tailings backfill(CTB)is a cement-based composite prepared from tailings,cementitious materials,and *** this study,a series of laboratory tests,including uniaxial compression,digital image correlation measurement,and scanning electron microscope characteristics of fiber-reinforced CTB(FRCTB),was conducted to obtain the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS),failure evolution,and microstructural characteristics of FRCTB *** results show that adding fibers could increase the UCS values of the CTB by 6.90%to 32.76%.The UCS value of the FRCTB increased with the increase in the polypropylene(PP)fiber ***,the reinforcement effect of PP fiber on the CTB was better than that of glass *** addition of fiber could increase the peak strain of the FRCTB by0.39%to 1.45%.The peak strain of the FRCTB increased with the increase in glass fiber *** failure pattern of the FRCTB was coupled with tensile and shear *** addition of fiber effectively inhibited the propagation of cracks,and the bridging effect of cracks by the fiber effectively improved the mechanical properties of the *** findings in this study can provide a basis for the backfilling design and optimization of mine backfilling methods.

关键词： cemented tailings backfill uniaxial compressive strength combined fiber reinforcement digital image correlation microstructural characteristics

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Editorial for special issue on frontiers and advances in cemented paste backfill

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第8期30卷 1427-1429页

作者： Shenghua Yin Chongchong Qi erol yilmaz Shuai Cao Qiusong Chen School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRizeTR53100Turkey

As an important guarantee for human survival and development,the increasing use of mineral resources has led to the generation of a large amount of tailings and ***,with the deep promotion of green concepts such as solid waste resource utilization and sustainable development,adding additives to tailings as filling materials can not only improve resource utilization efficiency and prevent surface collapse,but also reduce solid waste discharge to the surface,which is an effective way to fully utilize tailings resources and achieve land and energy saving,environmental protection,and waste utilization.

关键词： cemented utilize frontier

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Evaluation of the migration and environmental effects of metal elements within cementitious gangue-fly ash backfill in underground coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第11期34卷 1551-1562页

作者： Xuejie Deng Yuan Jiao Shicong Li Nan Zhou Yan An erol yilmaz Qingxue Zheng Xifeng Liang School of Energy and Mining Engineering China University of Mining and Technology-BeijingBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Green and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China School of Mines China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRize TR53100Turkiye Kailuan(Group)Limited Liability Corporation Tangshan 063018China

Cementitious gangue-fly ash backfill(CGB)is used as a green mining technology ***,under the coupled effects of geological stress and groundwater,the metal elements in the CGB tend to migrate into nearby strata,which can consequently result in pollution of the groundwater *** this paper,the influence of initial pH and stress damage on the migration behavior of metal elements in CGB is quantitatively studied through the multi-physical field coupling model of stress-permeability-con *** enhanced Nemerow index evaluation method is used to comprehensively evaluate the impact of these metal elements migration behaviors on the groundwater *** research results show that:(1)When the stress damage of the CGB increases from 0.76 to 0.95,the Darcy velocity at the bottom of the CGB first increases,then decreases,and finally stabilizes at 2.01×10^(-7)m/*** longest time to reach the maximum Darcy velocity is 3 a.(2)When the damage of the CGB is 0.95,the farthest migration distances of Al,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ba,and Pb are 40.5,34.0,29.8,32.9,38.8 and 32.1 m,respectively.(3)The alkaline environment stimulates the migration of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,and Pb,whereas Ba migrates farther under acidic *** farthest migration distance of Ba is 31.6 m under pH 3.(4)The enhanced Nemerow index indicates that when stress damage increases from 0.76 to 0.95,the areas with poor water quality increase from 0 to 1.71%,and no area is classified as very poor *** the initial pH changes from 3 to 11,100%of the region is classified as fair or *** initial pH of the CGB has a relatively slight influence on the groundwater *** study provides experimental data and theoretical basis for the environmental evaluation of CGB.

关键词： Cementitious gangue-fly ash backfill Metal elements Migration patterns Environmental effects Geological stress damage pH

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Delving into the role of microwave curing on the strength and cement hydration features of cemented tailings backfill

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Green and Smart Mining Engineering 2024年第3期1卷 289-298页

作者： Wei Sun Di Wu erol yilmaz Guanding Yang Jie Liu Faculty of Public Security and Emergency Management Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Civil Engineering Geotechnical DivisionRecep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityFenerRize TR53100Turkey

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB)comprises tailings,binders,and water and is filled into goaves to regulate the ground pressure and ensure production ***,shortening the curing time of CTB has been a popular research topic in backfill mining as it maximizes the extraction of the neighboring stopes while lowering mining-related *** this study,a self-made horn microwave experimental device was developed to rapidly enhance CTB’s strength ***,the microwave-curing effects on the upper surface temperature,strength,deformation coefficient,and hydration reaction of CTB were explored through uniaxial compressive strength,X-ray diffraction,and thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric *** marks revealed that the strength property of early-aged(up to 7 d)CTB composites could be rapidly enhanced by microwave curing,except for the 7-d-cured fills with microwave curing times of 5–7 ***,the hydration reactions of CTB after 3-and 7-d curing were substantially accelerated by microwave ***,this study offers a novel method of satisfactorily increasing early-aged CTB strength and exploring its hydration mechanisms effectively.

关键词： Cementitious mine backfill Microwave Curing Mechanical property Hydration reaction

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Identifying mining-induced chromium contamination in soil through visible-near infrared spectroscopy and machine learning

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Green and Smart Mining Engineering 2024年第2期1卷 132-139页

作者： Chongchong Qi Mengting Wu Kechao Li Tao Hu Danial Jahed Armaghani Qiusong Chen erol yilmaz School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Metalurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Schol of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia Deparment of Civil Engineering Goechnical DivisionRep Tayp Erdogan UniverFenerRize TR530Turky

The extraction,purification,and utilization of mineral resources have been among the largest anthropogenic sources of chromium(Cr)in *** Cr contamination in soil is a key issue prior to its appropriate ***,the efficient identification of large-scale soil Cr contamination requires continuous *** present study proposes a continental-scale method to rapidly identify soil Cr contamination using visible-near infrared spectroscopy(vis-NIR)and machine learning(ML).A large dataset containing 18,675topsoil samples from the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey 2009 projects across Europe was *** advanced ML algorithms were compared,and hyperparameter optimization was conducted using the grid search *** importance was employed to calculate the rank of each spectral wavelength,shedding light on the most sensitive spectral wavelength for Cr *** indicate that hyperparameter optimization had the most significant performance improvement on support vector machine(SVM),exhibiting an increase in training performance from 0.795 to *** achieved optimal SVM accuracy,area under the receiver operating feature curve,sensitivity,and specificity of 0.78,0.85,0.85,and 0.66,respectively,indicating excellent predictive performance on the Cr contamination *** optimal SVM model revealed that the most important spectral band for classifying Cr contamination was 1430-1433 *** finding implies that the adsorption of molecular water was closely related to the classification of Cr *** current study introduces the first continental-scale identification of Cr contamination using visNIR,which has excellent guiding significance for Cr remediation and the identification of other heavy metals using vis-NIR.

关键词： Mining contamination Hyperspectral Classification Support vector machine Continental scale

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两种不同胶结剂膏体充填试样的长期强度变化

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矿业研究与开发 2004年第Z1期24卷 215-218页

作者： erol yilmaz Ayhan Kesimal Bayram Ercikdi 姚必鸿 Department of Mining Engineering Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey Department of Mining Engineering Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey Department of Mining Engineering Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon Turkey 　

为确定胶结剂对膏体充填长期强度变化的影响,对选厂尾砂进行了取样(尾砂试样T1和T2),并用PKC(波特兰水泥)/A32.5-R和PKC/B32.5-R两种胶结剂制备了膏体充填混合物.尾砂试样T1和T2选择了16.5 mm的坍落度和5%(按重量计)的胶结剂用量制备一... 详细信息

为确定胶结剂对膏体充填长期强度变化的影响,对选厂尾砂进行了取样(尾砂试样T1和T2),并用PKC(波特兰水泥)/A32.5-R和PKC/B32.5-R两种胶结剂制备了膏体充填混合物.尾砂试样T1和T2选择了16.5 mm的坍落度和5%(按重量计)的胶结剂用量制备一组膏体充填混合物试样,这些试样经过不同的养护期(3～360 d)后再进行单轴抗压试验.两种膏体试样早期显示出高强度,但用PKC/B32.5-R胶结剂的膏体充填试样T2在养护28 d以后强度逐渐下降,使用PKC/A32.5-R胶结剂的膏体充填试样Tl的28 d强度比用PKC/B32.5-R胶结剂的膏体充填试样T1要高0.15倍.尽管膏体充填试样T1的强度在养护期28d和90 d之间普遍是提高的,但在养护期90 d和360 d之间观测到的强度则有下降.后期强度下降的原因在于它们的矿物学的、化学的和流变学的特征,水合作用的方式和对膏体充填强度有直接影响的火山灰产品的含量.

关键词：胶结剂膏体充填充填体强度

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