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Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control

Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 220-231页

作者： Yue Wang yiguang zhao Xiangfang Tang Xuemei Nan Linshu Jiang Hui Wang Jun Liu Liang Yang Junhu Yao Benhai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing University of Agriculture Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry

Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis,evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome(GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition(energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, highfiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.

关键词： Mastitis Nutrition Gastrointestinal microbiota Metabolite Dairy cow

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Dietary supplementation with inulin improves lactation performance and serum lipids by regulating the rumen microbiome and metabolome in dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1189-1204页

作者： Yue Wang Xuemei Nan yiguang zhao Linshu Jiang Hui Wang Dengke Hua Fan Zhang Yapin Wang Jun Liu Junhu Yao Benhai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Langfang065000China

This study investigated the effects of inulin on rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbiome and metabolites,as well as lactation performance and serum indexes in dairy *** Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=8 per group),with inulin addition at 0 and 200 g/d *** experiment lasted for 6 weeks,including a 1-week adaptation period and a 5-week treatment *** the end of the experimental period,the milk,serum and rumen fluid were sampled and *** microbiome and metabolome in the rumen fluid were analyzed via 16 S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics,*** results showed that supplementation with inulin(200 g/d per cow)increased the milk yield(P=0.001),milk protein(P=0.032),lacto se rate(P=0.004)and proportion of saturated fatty acids(SFA)in milk(P<0.001),but decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids(USFA)(P=0.041).Rumen pH(P=0.040)and the concentration of NH3-N(P=0.024)were decreased;however,acetate(P<0.001),propionate(P=0.003),butyrate(P<0.001)and lactic acid(LA)(P=0.043)were *** total cholesterol(TC)(P=0.008)and triglycerides(TG)(P=0.01)in serum were also ***,inulin addition elevated the relative abundance of several beneficial symbiotic and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,such as Muribaculaceae(false discovery rate[FDR]-adjusted P<0.01),Acetitomaculum(FDR-adjusted P=0.043),and Bu tyrivibrio(FDR-adjusted P=0.036),while elevating the levels of L-lysine(FDR-adjusted P=4.24×10^(-3)),L-proline(FDR-adjusted P=0.0158),and L-phenylalanine(FDRadj usted P=0.027).In contrast,several pathogens and ruminal bacteria abu ndant in high-fat diets,such as Escherichia-Sh igella(FD R-adj usted P=0.022),Erysipelo trichaceaeUCG-004(FD R-adjusted P<0.01)and RF39(FDR-adjusted P=0.042)were decreased along with the reduction of lysophosphatidylcholine(LysoPC)(18:1(9 Z))(FDR-adjusted P=1.03×10^(-3)),LysoPC(16:0)(FDR-adjusted P=0.0108),LysoP

关键词： Inulin Ruminal microbiota Metabolomics Milk quality Serum lipid Dairy cow

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Nutritional value, bioactivity, and application potential of Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a neotype feed resource

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 429-437页

作者： Yue Wang yiguang zhao Fuguang Xue Xuemei Nana Hui Wang Dengke Hua Jun Liu Liang Yang Linshu Jiang Benhai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China Engineering Research Center of Feed Development Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Langfang065000China Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing102206China

The large-scale development of herbivorous animal husbandry in China has increased the demand for forage ***,due to scarce land resources and poor soil quality,forage is in short *** particular,high-quality forage in China heavily relies on *** contradiction between supply and demand for forage grass products is increasingly ***,the development of indigenous new forage resources with a strong ecological adaptability and a high nutritional value is a key to solving this *** artichoke(JA,Helianthus tuberosus L.),a perennial herb of the genus Helianthus,has advantageous growth traits such as resistance to salinity,barrenness,drought,cold,and *** contents of crude protein,crude fiber,and calcium in the optimal harvest period of forage-type JA straw are comparable to those of alfalfa hay at the full bloom stage and the straw of ryegrass and corn at the mature *** in JA tubers is a functional ingredient that has prebiotic effects in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals and young *** addition,some bioactive substances(***,phenolic acids,sesquiterpenes,polysaccharides,and amino acids)in JA leaves and flowers have antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant functions as well as toxicities to cancer *** functional ingredients may provide effective alternatives to antibiotics used in livestock *** this review,we summarized the potentials of JA as a feed ingredient from the aspects of nutritional value and fermenting characteristics of the straw,the functions of physiological regulation and disease prevention of inulin in the tubers,and bioactive substances in the leaves and flowers.

关键词： Jerusalem artichoke Feedstuff Nutrient value Inulin Bioactive substances

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Rumen microbiome structure and metabolites activity in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1148-1168页

作者： Yue Wang Xuemei Nan yiguang zhao Linshu Jiang Mengling Wang Hui Wang Fan Zhang Fuguang Xue Dengke Hua Jun Liu Junhu Yao Benhai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China Engineering Research Center of Feed Development Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Langfang 065000China

Background:Due to the high prevalence and complex etiology,bovine mastitis(BM)is one of the most important diseases to compromise dairy cow health and milk *** shift in milk compositions has been widely investigated during mastitis,but recent studies suggested that gastrointestinal microorganism also has a crucial effect on the inflammation of other peripheral tissues and organs,including the mammary ***,research focused on the variation of rumen inner-environment during mastitis is still ***,the ruminal microbial profiles,metabolites,and milk compositions in cows with different udder health conditions were compared in the present ***,the correlations between udder health status and ruminal conditions were *** on the somatic cell counts(SCC),California mastitis test(CMT)parameters and clinical symptoms of mastitis,60 lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body conditions(excepted for the udder health condition)were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=20 per group)including the healthy(H)group,the subclinical mastitis(SM)group and the clinical mastitis(CM)*** performance and rumen fermentation parameters were *** rumen microbiota and metabolites were also analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics,***:As the degree of mastitis increased,rumen lactic acid(LA)(P<0.01),acetate,propionate,butyrate,valerate(P<0.001),and total volatile fatty acids(TVFAs)(P<0.01)concentrations were significantly *** the rumen of CM cows,the significantly increased bacteria related to intestinal and oral inflammation,such as Lachnospiraceae(FDR-adjusted P=0.039),Moraxella(FDR-adjusted P=0.011)and Neisseriaceae(FDR-adjusted P=0.036),etc.,were accompanied by a significant increase in 12-oxo-20-dihydroxy-leukotriene B4(FDR-adjusted P=5.97×10^(−9))and 10beta-hydroxy-6beta-isobutyrylfuranoeremophilane(FDR-adjusted P=3.88×10^(−10)).Meanwhile,in the rumen of SM cow

关键词： Dairy cows Lactation performance Mastitis Rumen fermentation Ruminal metabolisms Ruminal microbiota

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Abiotic stress treatment reveals expansin like A gene OfEXLA1 improving salt and drought tolerance of Osmanthus fragrans by responding to abscisic acid

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 573-585页

作者： Bin Dong Qianqian Wang Dan Zhou yiguang Wang Yunfeng Miao Shiwei Zhong Qiu Fang Liyuan Yang Zhen Xiao Hongbo zhao School of Landscape Architecture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 311300China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants HangzhouZhejiang 311300China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants HangzhouZhejiang 311300China

Sweet osmanthus(Osmanthus fragrans) is a having general approval aromatic tree in China that is widely applied to landscaping and gardening. However, the evergreen tree adaptability is limited by many environmental stresses. Currently, limited information is available regarding the genetic analysis and functional identification of expansin genes in response to abiotic stress in sweet osmanthus. In this study, a total of 29 expansin genes were identified and divided into four groups by genome-wide analysis from the sweet osmanthus genome. Transcriptome and quantitative Real-time PCR analysis showed that the cell wall-localized protein expansin-like A(OfEXLA1) gene was significantly induced by salt and drought treatment. Histochemical GUS staining of transgenic Arabidopsis lines in which GUS activity was driven with the OfEXLA1 promoter, GUS activity was significantly induced by salt, drought, and exogenous abscisic acid(ABA). In yeast, we found OfEXLA1overexpression significantly improved the population of cells compared with wild-type strains after NaCl and polyethylene glycol(PEG)treatment. Additionally, OfEXLA1 overexpression not only promoted plant growth, but also improved the salt and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. To gain insight into the role of ABA signaling in the regulation of OfEXLA1 improving abiotic tolerance in sweet osmanthus, four differentially expressed ABA Insensitive 5(ABI5)-like genes(OfABL4, OfABL5, OfABL7, and OfABL8) were identified from transcriptome, and dualluciferase(dual-LUC) and yeast one hybrid(Y1H) assay showed that OfABL4 and OfABL5 might bind to OfEXLA1 promoter to accumulate the OfEXLA1 expression by responding to ABA signaling to improve abiotic tolerance in sweet osmanthus. These results provide the information for understanding the molecular functions of expansin-like A gene and molecular breeding of sweet osmanthus in future.

关键词： Osmanthus fragrans Abiotic tolerance Expansin Abscisic acid

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Transition of recollision trajectories from linear to elliptical polarization

Transition of recollision trajectories from linear to ellipt...

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第六届全国计算原子与分子物理学术会议

作者： Benhai Yu Qingbin Tang Yingbin Li Duanyang Hua yiguang zhao Wenhui Wang College of Physics and electronic Engineering Xinyang Normal University

Using a classical ensemble method, we revisit the topic of recollision and nonsequential double ionization with elliptically polarized laser fields. We focus on how the recollision mechanism transitions from short trajectories with linear polarization to long trajectories with elliptical polarization. We propose how this transition can be observed by meansuring the carrier-envelop-phase dependence of the correlated electron momentum spectra using currently available few-cycle laser pulses.

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某驱动桥主减速器的振动特性分析

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汽车安全与节能学报 2021年第3期12卷 307-313页

作者：黄志超赵乙光胡义华柳明华东交通大学载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室南昌330013 江西江铃底盘股份有限公司抚州344000

用仿真和试验方法,分析了某汽车驱动桥桥壳主减速器的振动特性。用HyperMesh软件,建立有限元模型。在OptiStruct模块中,进行模态分析,求解主减速器壳的固有频率和模态振型。进行了模态实验和振动与噪声测试。将有限元分析结果与实验结... 详细信息

用仿真和试验方法,分析了某汽车驱动桥桥壳主减速器的振动特性。用HyperMesh软件,建立有限元模型。在OptiStruct模块中,进行模态分析,求解主减速器壳的固有频率和模态振型。进行了模态实验和振动与噪声测试。将有限元分析结果与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:主减速器壳的固有频率大于1.2 kHz,刚度较大。模态振型主要集中于主减速器壳的后端。验证了主减速器壳有限元模型的准确性。在转速1800~2000 r/min工况下,振动与噪声水平超标。分析其频率与倍频,推测与主减速器轮齿的振动有关。这些结果可为后续驱动桥噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(NVH)性能优化提供参考。

关键词：汽车工程驱动桥主减速器壳有限元方法模态分析振动与噪声测试

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围产期奶牛葡萄糖代谢及其失衡的营养调控

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动物营养学报 2020年第12期32卷 5556-5565页

作者：王亚品赵一广蒋林树熊本海中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室北京100193 北京农学院奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室北京102206

围产期是奶牛生产周期中的一个重要时期,由于此时期干物质采食量(DMI)降低,无法满足围产前期胎儿发育需求的增加及围产后期泌乳的能源需求,导致能量负平衡(NEB)。葡萄糖代谢失衡是围产期奶牛NEB的根本原因。因此,本文阐述了围产期葡萄... 详细信息

围产期是奶牛生产周期中的一个重要时期,由于此时期干物质采食量(DMI)降低,无法满足围产前期胎儿发育需求的增加及围产后期泌乳的能源需求,导致能量负平衡(NEB)。葡萄糖代谢失衡是围产期奶牛NEB的根本原因。因此,本文阐述了围产期葡萄糖的重要性,以及围产期奶牛葡萄糖的来源及其分配,分析了葡萄糖代谢失衡对机体的影响,并总结了围产期代谢失衡的诊断指标及其营养调控措施,为有效改善围产期奶牛机体的能量平衡及代谢状态提供参考。

关键词：围产期奶牛葡萄糖能量负平衡营养调控

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育肥猪精准下料控制系统设计与验证

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中国农机化学报 2022年第7期43卷 26-30页

作者：杨亮龚进牧王辉赵一广熊本海中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所动物营养学国家重点实验室北京市100193 河南南商农牧科技股份有限公司郑州市453500

为满足育肥猪获得正常生长所需采食量并达到精准饲喂控制等需求,以育肥猪为试验对象,设计一种育肥猪精准下料控制系统。研究通过使用双侧下料器,实现对称式双边下料,提高猪群的采食效率;增设触碰开关,猪只触动后执行预设料下料,避免饲... 详细信息

为满足育肥猪获得正常生长所需采食量并达到精准饲喂控制等需求,以育肥猪为试验对象,设计一种育肥猪精准下料控制系统。研究通过使用双侧下料器,实现对称式双边下料,提高猪群的采食效率;增设触碰开关,猪只触动后执行预设料下料,避免饲料浪费;食槽内增设料位感应探针,猪只触碰感应开关时,若探针感应不到食槽内水料,系统自动补充水料到探针处,既保证猪只正常采食,又避免饲料浪费;增设防结拱装置,通过震动电机实现破拱,防止料粉受潮影响下料。试验结果表明,与理论采食量比较,智能饲喂方式下采食量低于理论采食量;饲喂采食量比例分别为10%,30%,30%,20%及10%时,获得较佳的采食量变化曲线。综上,所设计的双侧下料的育肥猪精准下料控制系统,采用拨轮下料的控制机构与嵌入式系统的协同工作,设备控制简单,下料稳定,计量准确,与进口设备比较,成本优势明显,适合在我国大、中、小型育肥猪场推广应用。

关键词：育肥猪饲喂控制系统双侧下料拨轮下料嵌入式系统采食量

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半导体激光器阈值电流的精确测量

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中国激光 1988年第9期 555-557页

作者：赵一广北京大学物理系

一、引言阈值电流是半导体激光器的重要参数之一。通常用测量半导体激光器的输出光功率——电流(PI)特性曲线、观察远场或近场图样的变化以及光谱随电流的变化等来确定阈值,但误差较大。本文用测量半导体激光器调制光信号的二次谐波来... 详细信息

一、引言阈值电流是半导体激光器的重要参数之一。通常用测量半导体激光器的输出光功率——电流(PI)特性曲线、观察远场或近场图样的变化以及光谱随电流的变化等来确定阈值,但误差较大。本文用测量半导体激光器调制光信号的二次谐波来确定阈值电流。理论和实验都表明用谐波测量法测定半

关键词：半导体激光器阈值电流近场图样输出光功率载流子密度谐波测量光信号特性曲线电流比自发辐射因子

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