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Risks of rapid decline renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes

World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第6期5卷 835-846页

作者： yi-jing sheen Wayne HH Sheu Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicineTaichung HospitalMinistry of Health and Welfare Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General Hospital School of Medicine National Defense Medical Center School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University Institute of Medical Technology National Chung-Hsing University

Progressive rising population of diabetes and related nephropathy, namely, diabetic kidney disease and associated end stage renal disease has become a major global public health issue. Results of observational studies indicate that most diabetic kidney disease progresses over decades; however, certain diabetes patients display a rapid decline in renal function, which may lead to renal failure within months. Although the definition of rapid renal function decline remained speculative, in general,it is defined by the decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR) in absolute rate of loss or percent change. Based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 clinical practice guidelines, a rapid decline in renal function is defined as a sustained declinein e GFR of > 5 m L/min per 1.73 m2 per year. It has been reported that potential factors contributing to a rapid decline in renal function include ethnic/genetic and demographic causes, smoking habits, increased glycated hemoglobin levels, obesity, albuminuria, anemia, low serum magnesium levels, high serum phosphate levels, vitamin D deficiency, elevated systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity values, retinopathy, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. This article reviews current literatures in this area and provides insight on the early detection of diabetic subjects who are at risk of a rapid decline in renal function in order to develop a more aggressive approach to renal and cardiovascular protection.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Diabetic kidney disease Rapid decline Estimated glomerular filtration rate Albuminuria

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Mitigating growth-stress tradeoffs via elevated TOR signaling in rice

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 240-257页

作者： Wei Li Jiaqi Liu Zeqi Li Ruiqiang Ye Wenzhen Chen Yuqing Huang Yue Yuan yi Zhang Huayi Hu Peng Zheng Zhongming Fang Zeng Tao Shiyong Song Ronghui Pan Jian Zhang Jumim Tu Jen sheen Hao Du State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityYu-Hang-Tang Road No.866Hangzhou 310058China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572025China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CASCenter for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChineseAcademy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education) College of Agricultural SciencesGuizhouUniversityGuiyang 550025China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 311400China Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Massachusetts General Hospitaland Department of GeneticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA

Rice production accounts for approximately half of the freshwater resources utilized in agriculture,result-ing in greenhouse gas emissions such as methane(CH4)from flooded paddy *** address this chal-lenge,environmentally friendly and cost-effective water-saving techniques have become widely adopted in rice ***,the implementation of water-saving treatments(WsTs)in paddy-field rice has been associated with a substantial yield loss of up to 50%as well as a reduction in nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).In this study,we discovered that the target of rapamycin(TOR)signaling pathway is compromised in rice under *** profiling-coupled transcriptome sequencing(polysome-seq)analysis unveiled a substantial reduction in global translation in response to WST associated with the downregulation of TOR ***,biochemical,and genetic analyses revealed new insights into the impact of the positive TOR-S6K-RPS6 and negative TOR-MAF1 modules on translation repression under ***,ammonium exhibited a greater ability to alleviate growth constraints under WsT by enhancing TOR signaling,which simultaneously promoted uptake and utilization of ammonium and nitrogen *** further demonstrated that TOR modulates the ammonium transporter AMT1;1 as well as the amino acid permease APP1 and dipeptide transporter NPF7.3 at the translational level through the 5'untranslated ***,these findings reveal that enhancing TOR signaling could mitigate rice yield penalty due to WST by regulating the processes involved in protein synthesis and *** study will contribute to the breeding of new rice varieties with increased water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

关键词： target of rapamycin TOR water-saving rice low-carbon agriculture drought nitrogen use efficiency NUE

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Analysis and control of the thermal runaway of ceramic slab under microwave heating

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 2223-2231页

作者： Dongwoo sheen Department of Mathematics Seoul National University

Thermal runaway is a special macroscopic phenomenon of the dielectrics during microwave heating,in which there is a big jump of the steady state temperature while the applied microwave power varies *** hinders the applications of microwave heating technique in industry.A simulation based on the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method to solve Maxwell's equations coupled with the finite difference(FD) method to solve a heat transfer equation(HTE) is presented,and the temperature variation in a ceramic slab during microwave heating is *** temperature variation in the ceramic slab during microwave heating is simulated with various ceramic parameters and applied microwave powers so as to analyze the condition under which thermal runaway is ***,a microwave power control method,based on a single temperature threshold and dual applied microwave powers,is presented,which improves microwave heating efficiency and controls thermal *** relation between the final applied microwave power and the monitored temperature threshold is presented as *** method can be applied in many fields related with microwave heating techniques.

关键词： finite difference time domain method(FDTD) heat transfer temperature power threshold

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Endless Hide-and-Seek： Dynamic Co-evolution in Plant-Bacterium Warfare

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第1期49卷 105-111页

作者： Libo Shan Ping He Jen sheen Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics Boston Massachusetts 02114 USA

Plants possess innate Immune systems to prevent most potential Infections. The ancient and conserved innate immune responses are triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns （MAMPs） and play important roles in broad-spectrum defenses. However, successful bacterial pathogens evolved type Ⅲ virulence effectors to suppress MAMP-medlated immunity. To survive, plants further developed highly specific resistance （R） genes to trigger gene-for-gene-mediated immunity and turn the virulent pathogens into avirulent ones. We summarize here the very recent advances in this dynamic coevolution of plantbacterium interaction.

关键词： MAMP type Ⅲ effector gene-for-gene resistance

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Enhancing compressive strength and durability of self-compacting concrete modified with controlled-burnt sugarcane bagasse ash-blended cements

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 161-174页

作者： Duc-Hien LE Yeong-Nain sheen Khanh-Hung NGUYEN Sustainable Developments in Civil Engineering Research Group Faculty of Civil EngineeringTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City700000Vietnam Department of Civil Engineering Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung80778China Department of Civil Engineering Lac Hong UniversityBien Hoa810000Vietnam

In sugar industries,the growing amount of sugarcane bagasse ash(SBA),a byproduct released after burning bagasse for producing electricity,is currently causing environmental *** residual ash displays a pozzolanic potential;and hence,it has potential as a cement *** study focuses on enhancing suitability of SBA through incorporating ground blast furnace slag(BFS)in manufacturing self-compacting concretes(SCCs).For this purpose,SBA was processed by burning at 700°C for 1 h,before being ground to the cement fineness of 4010 cm2/*** mixtures were prepared by changing the proportions of SBA and BFS(i.e.,10%,20%,and 30%)in blended systems;and their performance was *** results showed that the presence of amorphous silica was detected for the processed SBA,revealing that the strength activity index was above 80%.The compressive strength of SCC containing SBA(without BFS)could reach 98%–127%of that of the control;combination of SBA and 30%BFS gets a similar strength to the control after 28 *** durability,the 10%SBA+30%BFS mix exhibited the lowest risk of ***,the joint use of SBA and BFS enhanced significantly the SCC’s sulfate ***,a hyperbolic formula for interpolating the compressive strength of the SBA-based SCC was proposed and validated with error range estimated within±10%.

关键词： sugarcane bagasse ash self-compacting concrete compressive strength sulfate resistance water absorption strength formula

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"Defective" mutations of hepatitis D viruses in chronic hepatitis D patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1658-1662页

作者： Jaw-Ching Wu Sheng-Chieh Hsu Shen-Yung Wang yi-Hsiang Huang I-Jane sheen Hsuan-Hui Shih Wan-Jr Syu Institute of Clinical Medicine Department of Medical Research and Education Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan China Division of Gastroenterology School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University Taipei Taiwan China Institute of Microbiology and Immunology

AIM: To verify whether 'defective' mutations existed in hepatitis D virus (HDV).METHODS: Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg)-codingsequences were amplified using Pfu DNA polymerases with proof-reading activities from sera of five patients with chronic hepatitis D. Multiple colonies were sequenced for each patient. Pfu analyzed a total of 270 HDV *** representative defective HDV clones were constructed in expression plasmids and transfected into a human hepatoma cell line. Cellular proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western ***: Four of five cases (80%) showed defective HDV genomes in their sera. The percentage of defective genomes was 3.7% (10/270). The majority (90%) of the defective mutations were insertions or deletions that resulted in frameshift and abnormal stop translation of the HDAg. The predicted mutated HDAg ranged from 45amino acids to ＞214 amino acids in length. Various domains of HDAg associated with viral replication or packaging were affected in different HDV isolates. Western blot analysis showed defected HDAg in predicted ***: 'Defective' viruses do exist in chronic HDV infected patients, but represented as minor strains. The clinical significance of the 'defected' HDV needs further study to evaluate.

关键词： Defective virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis B virus Polymerase chain reaction Hepatitis delta antigen

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Demographics, referral patterns and management of patients accessing the Welsh Eye Care Service

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 108-113页

作者： Colm McAlinden Helen Corson Nik sheen Peter Garwood Public Health Wales Floor 11The Oldway Centre36 Orchard StreetSwansea SA15AQUK Public Health Wales Cwmbran HouseMamhilad Park EstatePontypoolTorfaen NP40XSUK School of Optometry and Vision Sciences Cardiff UniversityMaindy RoadCardiff CF244 LUUK

Background:The Primary Eyecare Acute Referral Service(PEARS)and the Wales Eye Health Examination(WEHE)operate as enhanced optometry services for patients residing in Wales,enabling the examination of a patient presenting with an acute eye problem(PEARS)or the examination of patients at higher risk of eye disease(WEHE).The purpose of the study is to assess the demographics of patients accessing these services,referral patterns and clinical management in one Health Board in Wales(Aneurin Bevan University Health Board).Methods:Information from 2302 patients accessing the services was prospectively *** following information was obtained:type of examination(PEARS or WEHE),patient age,gender,self-referral or general practitioner(GP)referral and clinical management(no further action,monitor by optometrist or ophthalmic medical practitioner[OMP],refer to the Hospital Eye Service[HES],or refer to GP).Results:There were 1791(77.8%)PEARS examinations and 511(22.2%)*** were 1379(59.9%)females with a mean age of 58.61(±19.75)and 923(40.1%)males with a mean age of 56.11(±20.42).The majority of patients were self-referrals compared to GP-referrals(1793[77.9%]versus 509[22.1%]respectively).Sub-analysis indicated similar numbers of self-referrals compared to GP-referrals for the WEHE only(297[58.1%]versus 214[41.9%]respectively)but greater numbers of self-referrals for the PEARS examinations only(1496[83.5%]versus 295[16.5%]respectively).For management,75%of patients were monitored by their optometrist or OMP,17%required referral to the HES and 8%required referral to their ***:Higher numbers of females accessed both PEARS and WEHE services and the majority of patients *** findings have important implications for public health campaigns both for targeting specific groups(*** patients)and increasing awareness among GPs.

关键词： Wales eye care services Primary eyecare assessment&referral service Welsh eye care initiative Welsh eye health examination

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Is the expression of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase messenger RNA an indicator of biological behavior in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第3期9卷 468-473页

作者： I-Shyan sheen Kuo-Shyang Jeng yi-Chun Tsai Liver Research Unit Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan China Departments of Surgery Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan and Mackay Junior School of Nursing Taipei Taiwan China Medical Research Mackay Memorial Hospital Taipei Taiwan China

AIM: To investigate the correlation between gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) expression in the primary HCC and post-resection recurrence and its biological ***: Forty consecutive patients having curative resection for HCC were included in this study. The primers for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were corresponding to the 5'-noncoding human γ-GTP mRNA of fetal liver (type A), HepG2 cells (type B),and placenta (type C). Both the cancer and non-cancerous tissues of the resected liver were analyzed. The correlations between the expression of γ-GTP and the clinicopathological variables and outcomes (recurrence and survival) were ***: Those with type B γ-GTP mRNA in cancer had significant higher recurrence rate than those without it (63.6 % vs 14.3 %). Both those with type B in cancer and in non-cancer died significantly more than those without it (45.5 % vs 0 % and 53.6 % vs 0 %, respectively). By multivariate analysis, the significant predictors of recurrence included high serum AFP (P=0.0108), vascular permeation (P=0.0084), and type B γ-GTP mRNA in non-cancerous liver (P=0.0107). The significant predictors of postrecurrence death included high serum AFP (P=0.0141),vascular permeation (P=0.0130), and daughter nodules (P=0.0053). As to the manifestations (recurrent number ≥2, recurrent extent≥2 segments, extra-hepatic metastasis, and death) in recurrent patients, there were no statistical significant differences between those with type B in the primary tumor and those without it. The difference between those with type B in non-cancerous liver and those without it also was not ***: Patients of HCC with type B γ-GTP mRNA both in cancer and in non-cancerous tissue had a worse outcome, earlier recurrence, and more post-recurrence death.

关键词：肝细胞癌 γ-谷氨酰转换酶肿瘤生物学信号因子聚合酶链反应

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Quality of life assessment in patients with chronic pancreatitis receiving antioxidant therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4066-4071页

作者： Nehal S Shah Alistair J Makin Aali J sheen Ajith K Siriwardena Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M13 9WLUnited Kingdom

AIM:To undertake a baseline study comparing quality of life(QoL) in patients with chronic pancreatitis(CP) on Antox to those with CP,matched for disease duration,who were not on this ***:CP was defined according to the Zurich *** eight consecutive patients with CP who were taking Antox(antioxidants) were compared with 69 consecutive control CP patients not on *** Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core questions 30 and Pancreatic Modification(28 questions) were used to assess *** of a total of 137 patients 28 in each group were matched for disease duration(within 12 mo).Median disease duration was 8(1-22) years in the Antox group and 7(1-23) years in the Non-Antox cohort(P = NS,Mann-Whitney U-test).Other parameters(age,gender,etiology,endocrine and exocrine insufficiency) were similar between ***:Median visual analogue pain score in the Antox group was 3(0-8) compared with 6(0-8) in the Non-Antox group(P < 0.01).Perceptions of cognitive,emotional,social,physical and role function were impaired in the Non-Antox group compared to Antox patients(P < 0.0001,P = 0.0007,P = 0.0032 and P < 0.005 and P < 0.001,respectively).Analgesics and opiate usage was significantly lower in the Antox group(P < 0.01).Overall physical health and global QoL was better in the Antox group(P < 0.0001,95% CI:1.5-3).CONCLUSION:Contemporary quality of life assessments show that after correction for disease duration and cigarette smoking,patients with CP taking antox had better scores than non-antox controls.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Antioxidants Quality of life Assessment Management

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Reconfigurable intelligent surface:design the channel-a new opportunity for future wireless networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第2期8卷 87-104页

作者： Miguel Dajer Zhengxiang Ma Leonard Piazzi Narayan Prasad Xiao-Feng Qi Baoling sheen Jin Yang Guosen Yue Wireless Access Lab Futurewei TechnologiesInc.BridgewaterNJ08807USA

In this paper,we survey state-of-the-art research outcomes in the burgeoning field of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS),given its potential for significant performance enhancement of next-generation wireless communication networks by means of adapting a propagation *** has been placed on several aspects gating the commercial viability of future network *** summaries are provided for practical hardware design considerations and broad implications of artificial intelligence techniques,as are in-depth outlooks on the salient aspects of system models,use cases,and physical layer optimization techniques.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surface MIMO Channel estimation Beamforming Reflectarray Transmitarray Machine learning Deep learning

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