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Interleukin-4 affects microglial autophagic flux

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1594-1602页

作者： Run-Hong Tang Rui-qun Qi Hua-yan Liu Department of Neurology the First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina Department of Dermatology Key Laboratory of Immunodermatologythe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

Interleukin-4 plays an important protective role in Alzheimer’s disease by regulating microglial phenotype,phagocytosis of amyloid-β,and secretion of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic ***,increasing evidence has suggested that autophagy regulates innate immunity by affecting M1/M2 polarization of microglia/***,the role of interleukin-4 in microglial autophagy is *** view of this,BV2 microglia were treated with 0,10,20 or 50 ng/mL interleukin-4 for 24,48,or 72 ***,light chain 3-II and p62 protein expression levels were detected by western blot ***2 microglia were incubated with interleukin-4(20 ng/mL,experimental group),3-methyladenine(500μM,autophagy inhibitor,negative control group),rapamycin(100 nM,autophagy inductor,positive control group),3-methyladenine+interleukin-4(rescue group),or without treatment for 24 hours,and then exposed to amyloid-β(1μM,model group)or vehicle control(control)for 24 ***3-II and p62 protein expression levels were again detected by western blot *** addition,expression levels of multiple markers of M1 and M2 phenotype were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,while intracellular and supernatant amyloid-βprotein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** results showed that interleukin-4 induced microglial autophagic flux,most significantly at 20 ng/mL for 48 ***-4 pretreated microglia inhibited blockade of amyloid-β-induced autophagic flux,and promoted amyloid-βuptake and degradation partly through autophagic flux,but inhibited switching of amyloid-β-induced M1 phenotype independent on autophagic *** results indicate that interleukin-4 pretreated microglia increases uptake and degradation of amyloid-βin a process partly mediated by autophagy,which may play a protective role against Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： nerve regeneration Alzheimer’s disease interleukin-4 amyloid-β microglial autophagy microglial polarization microglia M1 phenotype M2 phenotype peptide degradation neural regeneration

Adjoining Batch Markov Arrival Processes of a Markov Chain

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2018年第1期34卷 1-10页

作者： Xiao-yun MO Xu-yan XIANG Xiang-qun yanG College of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan University of Finance and Economics Changsha 410205 China College of Mathematics and Computational Science Hunan University of Arts and Science Changde 415000 China Key Laboratory of High performance Computing and Stochastic Information Processing Ministry of Education of China College of Mathematics and Computer Science Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for the Construction and Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone Changde 415000 China

A batch Markov arrival process（BMAP） X^＊=（N, J） is a 2-dimensional Markov process with two components, one is the counting process N and the other one is the phase process J. It is proved that the phase process is a time-homogeneous Markov chain with a finite state-space, or for short, Markov chain. In this paper,a new and inverse problem is proposed firstly： given a Markov chain J, can we deploy a process N such that the 2-dimensional process X^＊=（N, J） is a BMAP？ The process X^＊=（N, J） is said to be an adjoining BMAP for the Markov chain J. For a given Markov chain the adjoining processes exist and they are not unique. Two kinds of adjoining BMAPs have been constructed. One is the BMAPs with fixed constant batches, the other one is the BMAPs with independent and identically distributed（i.i.d） random batches. The method we used in this paper is not the usual matrix-analytic method of studying BMAP, it is a path-analytic method. We constructed directly sample paths of adjoining BMAPs. The expressions of characteristic（D_k, k = 0, 1, 2· · ·）and transition probabilities of the adjoining BMAP are obtained by the density matrix Q of the given Markov chain J. Moreover, we obtained two frontal Theorems. We present these expressions in the first time.

关键词： Markov chain batch Markov arrival process (BMAP) adjoining BMAP fixed constant batch independent identically distributed (i.i.d) random batch

Arsenite oxidation by three types of manganese oxides

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 292-298页

作者： FENG Xiong-han ZU yan-qun TAN Wen-feng LIU Fan College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China

Oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by three types of manganese oxides and the effects ofpH, ion strength and tartaric acid on the oxidation were investigated by means of chemical analysis, equilibrium redox, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Three synthesized Mn oxide minerals, bimessite, cryptomelane, and hausmannite, which widely occur in soil and sediments, could actively oxidize As（Ⅲ） to As（Ⅴ）. However, their ability in As（Ⅲ）-oxidation varied greatly depending on their structure, composition and surface properties. Tunnel structured cryptomelane exhibited the highest ability of As （Ⅲ） oxidation, followed by the layer structured birnessite and the lower oxide hausmannite. The maximum amount of As （Ⅴ） produced by the oxidation was in the order （mmol/kg） of cryptomelane （824.2）〉 bimessite （480.4）〉 hausmannite （117.9）, As pH increased from the very low value（pH 2.5）, the amount of As（Ⅲ） oxidized by the tested Mn oxides was firstly decreased, then negatively peaked in pH 3.0 6.5, and eventually increased remarkably. Oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by the Mn oxides had a buffering effects on the pH variation in the solution. It is proposed that the oxidative reaction processes between As （Ⅲ） and biruessite（or cryptomelane） are as follows：（1） at lower pH condition：（MnO2）x＋ H3AsO3 ＋ 0.5H^＋=0.5H2AsO4^- ＋ 0.5HAsO4^2- ＋Mn〉^2＋（MnO2）x-1 ＋ H2O; （2） at higher pH condition：（MnO2）x ＋ H3AsO3 = 0.5H2AsO4^- ＋ 0.5HAsO4^2- ＋ 1.5H^＋＋（MnO2）x-1. MnO. With increase of ion strength, the As（Ⅲ） oxidized by bimessite and cryptomelane decreased and was negatively correlated with ion strength. However, ion strength had little influence on As （Ⅲ） oxidation by the hausmarmite. The presence of tartaric acid promoted oxidation of As（Ⅲ） by birnessite. As for cryptomelane and hansmannite, the same effect was observed when the concentration of tartaric acid was below 4 mmol/L, otherwise the oxidized As（Ⅲ） decreased. These findings are of great significance in improving our understanding

关键词： oxidation of As(Ⅲ) As(Ⅴ) Mn oxides pH ion strength tartaric acid

Automatic generation of optical initial configuration based on Delano diagram

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第1期16卷 59-66页

作者： Kai-Yuan Zhang Xiang-yan Yuan Xiang-qun Cui National Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Nanjing 210042 China Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

This paper presents a method to automatically initialize an optical system based on the Delano diagram. The process to generate the optical initial configuration is constrained by the control points, which are deduced from parameters related to basic design requirements. We present the theory and method to generate the optical initial configuration automatically when the basic design requirements are known. Two optical systems are taken as examples to demonstrate the proposed method.

关键词： telescopes -- methods: analytical

Linear operators and positive semidefiniteness of symmetric tensor spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2015年第1期58卷 197-212页

作者： LUO Zi yan QI Li qun YE yin Yu State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Department of Applied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Management Science and Engineering Stanford University

We study symmetric tensor spaces and cones arising from polynomial optimization and physical *** prove a decomposition invariance theorem for linear operators over the symmetric tensor space,which leads to several other interesting properties in symmetric tensor *** then consider the positive semidefiniteness of linear operators which deduces the convexity of the Frobenius norm function of a symmetric ***,we characterize the symmetric positive semidefinite tensor(SDT)cone by employing the properties of linear operators,design some face structures of its dual cone,and analyze its relationship to many other tensor *** particular,we show that the cone is self-dual if and only if the polynomial is quadratic,give specific characterizations of tensors that are in the primal cone but not in the dual for higher order cases,and develop a complete relationship map among the tensor cones appeared in the literature.

关键词： symmetric tensor symmetric positive semidefinite tensor cone linear operator SOS cone

National Natural Science Foundation of China leads the comprehensive development of basic research in the field of male reproductive health in China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 547-548页

作者： Shu-Jie Liao yan-ying Xu Rui-Juan Sun qun-yan Lyu Department of Health Science National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

"Reproductive health"was officially defined as humans and their individual activities related to reproduction throughout their lives,which should be in good health in physical,psychological,and social aspects.1 The basic research on male reproductive health in China can be traced back to the 1960s.2 Since the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)began systematic support for basic research on male reproductive health in 1988,the field has been systematically developed in *** this regard,we analyze the role of the NSFC on the development of basic research in the field of male reproductive health in China.

关键词： NSFC China. field

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF NONLINEAR WAVE TRANSFORMATION AROUND WAVE-PERMEABLE STRUCTURE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第6期17卷 699-703页

作者： Li Xi yan yi-xin Department of Ocean Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

The problem of wave partial/full reflection and transmission by wave-permeable structure is approached by solving the shape-related function with focus on the understanding of wave attenuation. 2D depth averaged Boussinesq type wave equations are given with new damping item in simulating the nonlinear wave transmission through wave-permeable structure. 1D wave equation is examined to give the analytical expression of the absorbing coefficient, and is compared with laboratory data in flume to calibrate the coefficients, and the expression is applied directly in modified Boussinesq type equations. Compared with wave basin data for various incident wave conditions, the accurate predictions of combined diffraction refraction effects in simulating nonlinear wave going through wave-permeable breakwater in the engineering application can be obtained. It shows that wave-permeable breakwaters with proper absorbing effects can be used as an effective alternative to massive gravity breakwaters in reduction of wave transmission in shallow water.

关键词： Boussinesq equations wav-absorbing coeffieient wave permeable breakwaters

Imaginary Modules over the Affine Nappi-Witten Algebra

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第6期38卷 1041-1053页

作者： yi Xin BAO yan An CAI School of Sciences Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055P.R.China Department of Mathematics Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006P.R.China

In this paper,we consider the imaginary highest weight modules and the imaginary Whittaker modules for the affine Nappi-Witten *** show that simple singular imaginary Whittaker modules at level(κ、c)(κ∈C~*)are simple imaginary highest weight *** necessary and sufficient conditions for these imaginary modules to be simple are *** simple imaginary modules are classified.

关键词： Affine Nappi-Witten algebra imaginary Verma modules imaginary highest weight modules imaginary Whittaker modules simple modules

Bainite isothermal transformation of Si–Mn–Mo alloy by phase structure factor calculation under different rare earth contents

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Rare Metals 2014年第4期33卷 427-432页

作者： yan-Liang yi yi-Long Liang Qi-Bing Tan The Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Materials School of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou University

The effect of rare earth （RE） on bainite trans- formation mechanism is not yet unified in the academia. Therefore, further studying the effect of RE on bainite transformation mechanism will have important guiding significance for the development of bainite steels. In this paper, using differential dilatometer （DIL805A/D）, heat treatment was performed and C-curve was drawn. The effect of phase structure factor on bainite transformation under two different fractions of RE in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels was investigated by the empirical electron theory （EET） of solids, molecules, dilatometry, and metallogra- phy. Experimental results show that RE makes Fe-C- RE segregation structural unit of Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels increase, i.e., the values of phase structure factor （na, FDC） increase, and delay bainite transformation due to the drag effect resulting from the segregation of RE ferrite island interphase and the retardation of RE to carbon diffusion in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels. Beside this, C-curve is shifted to right and down, and microstructures of bainite ferrite and substructures are finer.

关键词： Phase structure factor C-curve Substructure Rare earths