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Assessment of Castor Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 453-472页

作者： Akwasi yeboah Jiannong Lu Ting Yang Yuzhen Shi Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim Boateng Xuegui Yin Department of Crop Breeding and Genetics College of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang524088China The National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology(Beijing)Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

Increased urbanization and industrialization have greatly contributed to the emission of higher amount of heavy metals such as cadmium,nickel,and lead into the *** metals are non-biodegradable and toxic,causing much effects on plants and by extension to animals and humans,which have become a major global *** inherent ability of plants to resist heavy metal toxicity seems to be the most sustainable and cost-effective *** plant is widely studied due to its tolerance to the effects of heavy metal contaminated soils,owing to its large biomass content and high accumulating *** plants to some extent can tolerate elevated levels of heavy metals through several developed mechanisms,such as activation of antioxidant enzymes,exclusion,accumulation of proline,compartmentalization,organic acid exudation,and *** studies have identified some stress-responsive to aid the tolerance of heavy metals in *** caused by heavy metal toxicity affects seedling growth,biomass,photosynthetic pigments,protein level,and nutrient uptake of castor *** response of castor,however,to these stresses differs among cultivars,metal type and concentration,and time of metal *** review aims to summarize the physiological responses and various defense mechanisms of castor to tolerate and eradicate heavy metal toxicity and some stress-responsive genes identified at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels that confer metal tolerance in this plant.

关键词： Castor metal stress biomass proline tolerance

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Genotypic Effect of Rootstock and Scion on Grafting Success and Growth of Kola (Cola nitida) Seedlings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3873-3879页

作者： Abu Mustapha Dadzie Abraham Akpertey Julius yeboah stephen Yaw Opoku Atta Ofori Samuel Lowor Richard Ackyeampong Patricia Adu- yeboah Mercy Asamoah Frank Manu Amoah Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana

Kola (Cola nitida) is an important economic cash crop for many West and Central African countries. It has several medicinal uses in the pharmaceutical industries and also plays a major role in traditional marriages among Islamic communities across West and Central Africa. The crop is extensively cultivated in Nigeria and Ghana. However, it exhibit signs of total and partial sterility as well as self incompatibility when propagated from seeds in most cases. Therefore, grafting is seen as a method of choice in addressing the problem stated above. Though grafting accounts for some degree of success, there is the need to assess genotypic and physiological factors that account for high or low grafting success. Genetic and physiological factors (such as rootstock age) affecting grafting success and growth in kola (C. nitida) were investigated in two separate experiments. In experiment I720 kola seedlings were raised from unselected kola nuts and sown at two monthly intervals. Four groups of seedlings (180/group) i.e. 6, 8, 10 and 12 months old were thus produced. Three different scions (A1, A12 and JB1) measuring (5-10 cm) were grafted onto the four age groups of rootstocks, namely, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. Experiment II consisted of 540 seedlings raised from three main crosses (JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B1/142 × B1/151, JX1/9 × JX1/11 * B2/177 × B2/156 and JX1/9 × JX1/11 * GX1/46 × GX1/53). Grafting was done after six months using the same set of scions as described in experiment I. Experimental design used was 3 × 4 and 3 × 3 factorial designs in completely randomised design with three replicates for experiment I and II respectively. The fixed effects were the different genotype and age of rootstock at grafting whilst the response variable was the percentage of successful grafting two months as well as growth at six monthly intervals. Results from the study showed that grafting onto 6 months old stocks gave the highest percentage success and growth of grafts followed by 8, 10 and

关键词： Kola Rootstock Scion Genotype

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Pharmacognostic standardisation of Hilleria latifolia(Lam.) ***.(Phytolaccaceae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第12期4卷 941-946页

作者： Isaac Kingsley Amponsah Abraham yeboah Mensah Antonia Otoo Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah Jato Jonathan Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Herbal Medicine Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

Objective:To establish the pharmacognostic characters for the correct identification and quality control of Hilleria latifolia(***),an important herb in Ghanaian folklore medicine,for the treatment of infections,pain and ***:The macro-morphological,qualitative and quantitative microscopic features,physicochemical and phytochemical features of the medicinally used parts of *** were evaluated using standard ***:The plant has simple,alternate leaves with entire *** lamina is ovate to broadly lanceolate with an acuminate *** is hypostomatic with anomocytie *** plant contains abundant prismatic crystals in all *** grains abound in the *** quantitative indices of the leaf and physicochemical parameters have also been ***:The pharmacognostic features established in this study may be used as part of the pharmacopoeia! standard for the correct identification and quality control of ***.

关键词： Hilleria latifolia Pharmacognostic features standardization Thin layer chromatography chromatogram Quantitative microscopy Fluorescence analysis

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Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Poverty on Food Insecurity: Yearly Spatial Analysis

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 414-423页

作者： Osei yeboah Saleem Shaik Jamal Musah L.C.Cooper Jr. International Trade Center North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro NC USA Center for Agricultural Policy & Trade Studies North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Spatial regression analysis was applied separately to the annual US state-level food insecurity data from 2015 through 2018, and 2020 to examine the effects of race, region of residency, and poverty particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis suggested that the US food insecurity level was trending downwards between 2015 and 2018 but increased by 33.5% in 2020, obviously due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, residents from the West experienced higher food insecurity levels relative to the Mid-West between 2015 and 2018. The analysis also revealed that race is not a determining factor of food insecurity as both White and Black are equally affected to a significant level. Rather, the most salient determinant of food insecurity is poverty. The effects of poverty were positive and strongly significant from 2015 through 2018. The effect was, however, mild in 2020 probably due to the stimulus and unemployment checks people received through the Care Act. This result underscored the importance of SNAP and other government intervention programs in addressing the country’s food insecurity problems.

关键词： Food Insecurity Demographic Spatial COVID-19 Poverty

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Evaluation of Major Chemical Components in Beans of Some Selected International Cocoa Clones in Ghana

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第3期4卷 200-208页

作者： Abu Mustapha Dadzie stephen Yaw Opoku Atta Ofori Samuel Lowor Jemmy Felix Takrama Francis Kwame Padi Julius yeboah Department of Plant Breeding Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) Tafo-Akim Ghana

Cocoa bean is an important raw material for the chocolate, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The butter content and other chemical components such as polyphenols play essential role in the health benefits of consumers as well as flavor of chocolates produced. In this study cocoa beans from 15 international clones （genotypes） were fermented and dried for six and 14 days, respectively. Genotypic effect on the major chemical components of the beans that affect chocolate flavour and taste were assessed using various protocols in the laboratory. Concentrations and relationship existing among the chemical components tested during three- and two-year periods were determined. Genotypic differences were found to account for variation in the concentration of various components tested. Among the genotypes used Man 15-2 seems to be high in fat content whilst IMC 47 was low. In terms of O-dihydric phenol content ICS 1 recorded the highest whilst MO 20 recorded the least. A further test on polyphenols content showed high levels for Gu 255 whilst T 79/501 recorded the least. Significant positive correlation was also observed among the various chemical components tested. The findings of this work clearly confirmed the existence of significant correlations among the major chemical components in cocoa beans and the influence of genotype on the chemical component concentration. This information could be very useful in breeding and selection for a particular component since genotype plays a major role.

关键词： Cocoa clones polyphenols O-dihydrics.

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带容量约束的供应链物流运输调度问题的双层变邻域蝙蝠算法

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电子学报 2019年第7期47卷 1434-1442页

作者：戚远航蔡延光蔡颢杨亮 YAO yeboah 电子科技大学中山学院计算机学院广东中山528402 广东工业大学自动化学院广东广州510006 奥尔堡大学健康科学与工程系丹麦奥尔堡9220

本文考虑了多个供应商、多个制造商和多个零售商的三级供应链物流运输调度,以最大限度地降低采购、加工和运输成本为目标,提出了带容量约束的供应链物流运输调度模型(Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem in Supply Chain,CVRPSC).进... 详细信息

本文考虑了多个供应商、多个制造商和多个零售商的三级供应链物流运输调度,以最大限度地降低采购、加工和运输成本为目标,提出了带容量约束的供应链物流运输调度模型(Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem in Supply Chain,CVRPSC).进一步地,本文构造了求解CVRPSC的双层变邻域蝙蝠算法(Two-Level Bat Algorithm with Variable Neighborhood Search,TLBAVNS).该算法提出了一种双层蝙蝠位置的定义,引入了相应的蝙蝠算法的更新操作,采用变邻域局部搜索策略加强算法的寻优能力.实验证明:TLBAVNS能在合理的时间内求解CVRPSC;在大部分测试算例中,该算法相对于对比算法均表现出了更强的寻优能力和稳定性.

关键词：供应链车辆路径问题蝙蝠算法邻域搜索

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蓖麻耐镉性的生化鉴定和全基因组关联分析

蓖麻耐镉性的生化鉴定和全基因组关联分析

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作者： Akwasi yeboah 广东海洋大学

学位级别：硕士

镉（Cd）是第7类生态毒性重金属,易溶水并易被植物吸收,会造成耕地、植物和水体污染。中国有13330公顷农田因受到镉严重污染而不能用于农业生产。培育耐镉品种是镉污染土壤植物修复有效途径。蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）是一种非食用... 详细信息

镉（Cd）是第7类生态毒性重金属,易溶水并易被植物吸收,会造成耕地、植物和水体污染。中国有13330公顷农田因受到镉严重污染而不能用于农业生产。培育耐镉品种是镉污染土壤植物修复有效途径。蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）是一种非食用油料作物,其根系强大、生物量高,对镉有较强的忍耐和富集能力及镉胁迫下的抗氧化能力。蓖麻耐镉的生理机制己有一些报道,但其耐镉的生化机制和遗传基础尚缺乏研究。本研究在175份蓖麻种质资源耐镉性鉴定基础上,以相对耐镉指数为指标,利用143对SSR分子标记对7个耐镉相关性状进行了全基因组关联分析,旨在鉴定蓖麻耐镉基因位点、发掘有益等位基因和可能的候选基因,并用q RT-PCR对6个候选基因进行了表达量分析,同时分析了极端耐镉材料和极端镉敏感材料间超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）及丙二醛（MDA）的表达差异,以期为揭示蓖麻耐镉的生化和遗传机制提供依据。结果如下:1、175份蓖麻种质资源7个耐镉相关性状的相对耐镉指数存在较大的变异,变幅在0.08～0.99之间,其中根干重对镉胁迫较为敏感,茎长耐镉性较高。2、143对SSR引物共扩增出736个等位基因,平均为5.10。平均基因多样性和多态信息含量分别为0.67和0.62。群体结构分析将175份种质分为3组,与系统发育分析结果一致。3、采用混合线性模型的全基因组关联分析法（Genomewide association study,GWAS）检测到27个显著的（-log10P＞1.5）耐镉基因位点,每位点解释了耐镉性表型变异的5.63%～20.47%,平均为12.31%。其中有10个位点与茎干重关联,1个与根长关联。有2个位点（分别以RCM223和RCM644标记）均与根鲜重和茎鲜重相关,表明基因的多效性。4、通过有益等位基因的挖掘,发现29份镉耐性种质和181份镉敏感性种质,这可能有助于蓖麻耐镉品种的培育。5、通过基因注释,共得到八个新的候选基因,与其中的六个性状相关联,它们参与应激反应和发育过程。q RT-PCR结果表明,候选基因在极端表型材料之间的表达量存在明显差异。基因PHT2;1在耐隔材料中高度表达,表明其在提高蓖麻耐镉性方面发挥着作用。6、SOD、CAT、GSH和MDA在极端耐镉材料16-024和镉敏感材料S2-4之间存在显著差异,证明耐镉材料具有较强的抗氧化能力。综上所述,镉毒性诱导蓖麻的抗氧化应激反应,增强了蓖麻的耐镉性,缓解了镉对蓖麻的毒性。但蓖麻的耐镉性在不同种质、不同性状或器官间存在广泛差异。本研究所鉴定出的候选基因在不同耐镉性材料间的表达存在遗传特异性。据我们所知,这是首次在镉胁迫下开展蓖麻耐镉基因的关联作图和新基因的鉴定。以上结果有助于研究蓖麻耐镉的生化和遗传机理、为克隆耐镉基因和培育耐镉品种提供参考,也为镉污染环境的植物修复提供依据。

关键词：蓖麻相对耐镉指数全基因组关联分析候选基因抗氧化剂

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A Robust Alternative Virtual Key Input Scheme for Virtual Keyboard Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2016年第4期4卷 99-108页

作者： Prince Owusu-Agyeman Wei Xie Yao yeboah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China

Towards virtual keyboard design and realization, the work in this paper presents a robust key input method for deployment in virtual keyboard systems. The proposed scheme harnesses the information contained within shadows towards robustifying virtual key input. This scheme allows for input efficiency to be guaranteed in situations of relatively lower illumination, a core challenge associated with virtual keyboards. Contributions of the paper are two-fold. Firstly the paper pre-sents an approach towards effectively applying shadow information towards robustifying virtual key input systems;Secondly, through morphological operations, the performance of this input method is boosted by means of effectively alleviating noise and its impacts on overall algorithm performance, while highlighting the necessary features towards an efficient performance. While previous contributions have followed a similar trend, the contribution of this paper stresses on the intensification and improvement of both shadow and finger-tip feature highlighting schemes towards overall performance improvement. Experimental results presented in the paper demon-strate the efficiency and robustness of the approach. The attained results suggest that the scheme is capable of attaining high performances in terms of accuracy while being capable of addressing false touch situations.

关键词： Virtual Input Shadow-Based Input Input Robustication Virtual Key Input

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企业社交平台使用对员工绩效的影响 ——基于加纳中小型企业的实证研究

企业社交平台使用对员工绩效的影响 —...

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作者： ANTHEA yeboah 浙江工商大学

学位级别：硕士

Today’s companies deploy information technology to provide technological *** is triggered by the fact that these companies would gain indirect rewards,such as better *** this study,the researcher aims to find out how the introduction of enterprise social media platforms can positively influence the work environment and employee’s *** answer these research questions,an online survey was taken and distributed among 250 respondents of various *** find that business social networking channels interact with all facets of the work climate of *** perform better when they use teamwork which increases their work performance by becoming more efficient and also more *** into organizational networking,as well as team usage,the individual’s innovativeness is strongly *** conducting this research,it contributes to the literature by,for example,shedding light to the relationship between ESM platform usage and employee *** addition,showcasing the relevant ESM platform functionality that affect the teamwork usage and Organizational *** from these findings,the research has fascinating organizational consequences,which demonstrate how to improve performance.

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Effect of Heavy Metal Contamination on Soil Enzymes Activities

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第6期9卷 135-154页

作者： Justice Ofori yeboah Guangyu Shi Weilin Shi Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China

Several enzymes catalyze much of the processes that exist in the soil. Enzymes in polluted soils are usually less active due to their exposure to heavy metals. The main goal of this study was to see how bioavailable types of Cd affected the behavior of catalase, urease, and dehydrogenases, as well as to compare the findings from naturally and artificially polluted samples. An experiment was conducted on two types of farmland (garden) soil: natural soil and soil that had been chemically polluted with Cd. The total content of heavy metal graded these soils as very highly polluted with Cd. The experiment was repeated four times to test the effects of increasing concentration and days (time). Extracellular enzymes from farmland performed enzymatic activity tests that lasted 6 to 29 days after soil sampling. After 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days of incubation, soil samples were taken for testing respectively. However, even though no nutrient was added, dehydrogenase and urease activity increased as Cd concentration increased from 0 to 5 mg/L as the days passed. This is a result of enzymes engaging in respiratory and other living activities because of the low cadmium concentration and respiratory soil properties. However, there were significant variations in enzyme activity between naturally polluted and artificially contaminated soils. Dehydrogenases, Urease, and Catalase all showed a common pattern of enzyme sensitivity, which could be ordered as Dehydrogenase > Urease > Catalase. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity has been discovered to be more Cd resistant.

关键词： Enzyme Activity Dehydrogenases Catalase Urease Soil Contamination Heavy Metal

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