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Three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock of CJPL-Ⅱ project based on in-situ monitoring

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 179-195页

作者： Minzong Zheng Shaojun Li Zejie Feng Huaisheng Xu yaxun xiao State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In deep hard rock excavation, stress plays a pivotal role in inducing stress-controlled failure. While the impact of excavation-induced stress disturbance on rock failure and tunnel stability has undergone comprehensive examination through laboratory tests and numerical simulations, its validation through insitu stress tests remains unexplored. This study analyzes the three-dimensional stress changes in the surrounding rock at various depths, monitored during the excavation of B2 Lab in China Jinping Underground Laboratory Phase Ⅱ(CJPL-Ⅱ). The investigation delves into the three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock, encompassing stress components and principal stress. The results indicate changes in both the magnitude and direction of the principal stress during tunnel excavation. To quantitatively describe the degree of stress disturbance, a series of stress evaluation indexes are established based on the distances between stress tensors, including the stress disturbance index(SDI), the principal stress magnitude disturbance index(SDIm), and the principal stress direction disturbance index(SDId). The SDI indicates the greatest stress disturbance in the surrounding rock is 4.5 m from the tunnel wall in B2 Lab. SDIm shows that the principal stress magnitude disturbance peaks at2.5 m from the tunnel wall. SDId reveals that the largest change in principal stress direction does not necessarily occur near the tunnel wall but at a specific depth from it. The established relationship between SDI and the depth of the excavation damaged zone(EDZ) can serve as a criterion for determining the depth of the EDZ in deep hard rock engineering. Additionally, it provides a reference for future construction and support considerations.

关键词： Disturbance stress Tensor distance Stress disturbance index Principal stress direction Underground research laboratory

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In-situ observations of damage-fracture evolution in surrounding rock upon unloading in 2400-m-deep tunnels

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第4期33卷 437-446页

作者： Haosen Guo Qiancheng Sun Guangliang Feng Shaojun Li yaxun xiao Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention-mitigation and Emergency Management Nanchang 330013China Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area Ministry of EducationYichang 443002China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

The damage-fracture evolution of deep rock mass has obvious particularity,which is revealed in 2400-mdeep tunnels by field *** evolution of the excavation damaged zone depth is consistent with that of the fractured zone *** ratio of the excavation damaged zone depth to the excavation fractured zone depth is greater than 2.0 in a rock mass with both high strength and good integrity,but less than1.5 in a rock mass with lower strength or poor *** disintegration in a rock mass with high strength and fair integrity is more likely to occur when it contains more than two groups of primary fractures in damaged *** develop outward in zonal disintegration but are totally different from the single-zone fracture,in which the fractures develop inward,and it is the starting position of the fractured zone when the excavation surface of the middle pilot is 7–9 m close to the pre-set borehole and it stops after the excavation surface of the baseplate is 11–14 m *** most intense evolution occurs around 2–4 m from the pre-set borehole in the sidewall expansion *** research results provide a reference for the monitoring scheme and support design of CJPL-Ⅲin its future construction.

关键词： Deep tunnel Fractured zone Damaged zone In-situ observation Unloading of rock mass

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Master crack types and typical acoustic emission characteristics during rock failure

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 73-86页

作者： Tongbin Zhao Pengfei Zhang yaxun xiao Weiyao Guo Yulong Zhang Xiufeng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Preventionand Control Co-founded By Shandong Provinceand the Ministry of Science and Technology ShandongUniversity of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China College of Energy and Mining Engineering ShandongUniversity of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and GeotechnicalEngineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChineseAcademy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Research Center for Rock Burst Control Shandong EnergyGroup Co.Ltd.Jinan 250014China

Acoustic emission(AE)signals contain substantial information about the internal fracture characteristics of rocks and are useful for revealing the laws governing the release of energy stored *** here is the evolution of rock failure with diferent master crack types as investigated using Brazilian splitting tests(BSTs),direct shear tests(DSTs),and uniaxial compression tests(UCTs).The AE parameters and typical modes of each fracture type were obtained,and the energy release characteristics of each fracture mechanism were *** the observed changes in the AE parameters,the rock fracture process exhibits characteristics of staged *** scale and energy level of crack activity in the BSTs were signifcantly lower than those in the DSTs and *** proportion of tensile cracks in the BSTs was 65%–75%,while the proportions of shear cracks in the DSTs and UCTs were 75%–85%and 70%–75%,*** the rock loading process under diferent conditions,failure was accompanied by an increased number of shear *** amplitude,duration,and rise time of the AE signal from rock failure were larger when the failure was dominated by shear cracks rather than tensile ones,and most of the medium-and high-energy signals had medium to low *** calculating the proposed energy amplitude ratio,the energy release of shear cracks was found to exceed that of tensile cracks at the same fracture scale.

关键词： Rock failure Fracture mechanism Acoustic emission Master crack type Energy release

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Monitoring, Warning, and Control of Rockburst in Deep Metal Mines

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Engineering 2017年第4期3卷 538-545页

作者： Xia-Ting Feng Jianpo Liu Bingrui Chen yaxun xiao Guangliang Feng Fengpeng Zhang Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China State Key Laboratory of Ceomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

This paper reviews the recent achievements made by our team in the mitigation of rockburst risk. It includes the development of neural network modeling on rockburst risk assessment for deep gold mines in South Af- rica, an intelligent microseismicity monitoring system and sensors, an understanding of the rockburst evolution process using laboratory and in situ tests and monitoring, the establishment of a quantitative warning method for the location and intensities of different types of rockburst, and the development of measures for the dynamic control of rockburst. The mitigation of rockburst at the Hongtoushan copper mine is presented as an illustrative example.

关键词： Deep metal mining Rockburst Monitoring Warning Mitigation

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煤与瓦斯突出自适应小波基神经网络辨识和预测模型

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岩石力学与工程学报 2007年第A1期26卷 3373-3377页

作者：谭云亮肖亚勋孙伟芳山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制教育部重点实验室山东青岛266510

由于煤与瓦斯突出是一典型的复杂非线性动力系统,影响因素很多,如应力、煤层特征、构造等,且各影响因素相互关联,因此,采用非线性人工神经网络进行煤与瓦斯突出的模式辨识与预测是十分必要的。针对具体的不同煤层条件,建立自适应小波基... 详细信息

由于煤与瓦斯突出是一典型的复杂非线性动力系统,影响因素很多,如应力、煤层特征、构造等,且各影响因素相互关联,因此,采用非线性人工神经网络进行煤与瓦斯突出的模式辨识与预测是十分必要的。针对具体的不同煤层条件,建立自适应小波基神经网络激活函数模型,用于煤与瓦斯突出系统的辨识和预测,实现由网络本身自动确定神经单元的数目,避免人为因素的影响,提高辨识和预测的可靠性和智能化程度。实例分析结果表明,所建立的自适应小波基神经网络激活函数模型,辨识和预测精度高,具有重要的推广应用价值。

关键词：采矿工程煤与瓦斯突出自适应小波基神经网络辨识预测

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深埋隧道强烈岩爆孕育微震主频演化规律

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山东科技大学学报（自然科学版） 2020年第4期39卷 14-19页

作者：肖亚勋李小亮中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室湖北武汉430071 山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院山东青岛266590

岩爆是深埋隧道施工过程中常见的一种地质灾害,严重制约深埋隧道开挖的安全和效率。本研究从岩爆孕育相关的岩体破裂所释放微震波频率的角度出发,建立了基于微震波频率衰减特征的隧道岩体破裂微震主频计算方法。分析了锦屏二级水电站引... 详细信息

岩爆是深埋隧道施工过程中常见的一种地质灾害,严重制约深埋隧道开挖的安全和效率。本研究从岩爆孕育相关的岩体破裂所释放微震波频率的角度出发,建立了基于微震波频率衰减特征的隧道岩体破裂微震主频计算方法。分析了锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞群大埋深大理岩洞段,隧道掘进机(TBM)和钻爆法两种施工方法下的典型强烈岩爆案例。研究结果表明:TBM强烈岩爆孕育时岩体破裂微震主频由高向低交替变化,且在岩爆发生当日降低到最小,钻爆法强烈岩爆的微震主频演化则是无序的;TBM和钻爆法强烈岩爆孕育过程中单日最小微震主频一般低于200 Hz,且TBM单日最小微震主频呈逐渐降低的趋势。微震主频的演化规律可为深埋隧道岩爆预警预测提供参考。

关键词：深埋隧道岩爆孕育隧道掘进机钻爆法微震主频

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高应力下大型硬岩地下洞室群稳定性设计优化的裂化–抑制法及其应用

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岩石力学与工程学报 2019年第6期38卷 1081-1101页

作者：江权冯夏庭李邵军苏国韶肖亚勋中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室湖北武汉430071 东北大学深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室辽宁沈阳110819 广西大学土木建筑工程学院广西南宁530004

针对高应力下大型硬岩地下洞室群突出的围岩灾害性破坏问题,在多个深部/高应力地下洞室群开挖方案与支护参数优化研究及实践基础上,提出高应力下大型硬岩地下洞室群稳定性优化的裂化–抑制设计方法新理念及其基本原理、关键技术和实施... 详细信息

针对高应力下大型硬岩地下洞室群突出的围岩灾害性破坏问题,在多个深部/高应力地下洞室群开挖方案与支护参数优化研究及实践基础上,提出高应力下大型硬岩地下洞室群稳定性优化的裂化–抑制设计方法新理念及其基本原理、关键技术和实施流程。该方法认为高应力下地下洞室硬岩大变形与灾害性破坏本质上是其内部破裂发展和开裂的外在表现形式,为此建立以抑制硬岩内部破裂发展为关键切入点的理念,以硬岩的开裂测试分析、减裂开挖调整、止裂支护控制为三要素,提出:(1)通过系统地开展洞室群开挖方案优化分析,从开挖角度尽量减少和避免围岩开裂的规模、深度和程度技术体系;(2)通过支护参数、支护时机优化,从支护角度抑制围岩进一步裂化并强化松弛/开裂围岩的整体性从而抵抗地层压力,将围岩从被支护对象转换为承载结构,从而实现充分调动围岩自身承载性能来维护和再造围岩承载拱,达到工程安全、高效和经济的目标。拉西瓦水电站地下洞群开挖顺序优化、白鹤滩水电站地下厂房顶拱支护方案优化、中国锦屏深地实验室的围岩支护参数复核等工程实践表明了其合理性和实用性。

关键词：岩石力学高应力地下洞室裂化抑制法设计优化稳定性分析

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Studies on the evolution process of rockbursts in deep tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2012年第4期4卷 289-295页

作者： Xiating Feng Bingrui Chen Shaojun Li Chuanqing Zhang yaxun xiao Guangliang Feng Hui Zhou Shili Qiu Zhouneng Zhao Yang Yu Dongfang Chen Huajun Ming State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper focuses on the evolution processes of different types of rockbursts occurring in deep tunnels. A series of laboratory tests and in-situ monitoring in deep tunnels excavated by tunnel boring machine （TBM） and drill-and-blast （D＆B） method have been conducted to understand the mechanisms and processes of the evolution of different types of rockbursts, including strain rockburst, strain-structure slip rockburst, immediate rockburst and time-delayed rockburst. Three different risk assessment methods are proposed to evaluate the intensity and potential failure depth of rockbursts. These methods can be applied before excavation and the results can be updated according to the real-time information during excavation. Two micro-seismicity based real-time warning systems have been established for predicting various intensities ofrockbursts, such as slight, moderate, intensive and extremely intensive rockbursts. Meanwhile, the probability and intensity of the rockburst are also given. The strategy for excavation and support design has been suggested for various intensities of rockbursts before excavation. The strategy for dynamic control of the rockburst evolution process is also proposed according to the monitoring results. The methodology has been successfully applied to rockburst risk reduction for deep tunnels at Jinping II hydropower project. The results have illustrated the applicability of the proposed methodology and techniques concerning rockbursts.

关键词： rockburst risk assessment tunnel boring machine (TBM) drill-and-blast (D&B) method

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巷道近场围岩能量释放规律及诱冲机制

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煤炭学报 2021年第S2期46卷 609-620页

作者：谭彦郭伟耀谭云亮赵同彬肖亚勋陈洋山东科技大学能源与矿业工程学院山东青岛266590 山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地山东青岛266590 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室湖北武汉430071 山东能源集团有限公司山东济南250014

针对冲击地压发生伴随大量能量释放这一特征,通过理论分析和数值模拟建立了巷道近场围岩能量释放模型,分析了巷道近场围岩能量释放规律,揭示了巷道近场围岩动能释放致冲机制,并进行了工程案例验证。结果表明:冲击体破坏释放的动能大小... 详细信息

针对冲击地压发生伴随大量能量释放这一特征,通过理论分析和数值模拟建立了巷道近场围岩能量释放模型,分析了巷道近场围岩能量释放规律,揭示了巷道近场围岩动能释放致冲机制,并进行了工程案例验证。结果表明:冲击体破坏释放的动能大小随应力集中系数、冲击体宽度增加呈非线性增大趋势,但随塑性区宽度增加呈非线性减小趋势;当支承压力影响范围一定时,弹性区煤体驱动冲击体动力破坏的能量随塑性区煤体宽度增加呈非线性减小趋势;顶底板驱动冲击体动力破坏的能量随冲击体宽度、顶底板厚度增加而增大,但随塑性区煤体宽度增大而减小;随着顶底板弹性模量增大,其驱动冲击体动力破坏的能量减小并趋于稳定,但此时弹性区煤体的驱动能量呈线性增大趋势;近场围岩能量释放过程中,巷帮煤体各区域的能量调整不协调,造成煤体内部高能量梯度的产生,使煤体更易向巷道临空面释放冲击能量。近场围岩的冲击体宽度增加,不仅冲击体自身释放能量增加,而且弹性区煤体和顶底板的驱动能量均增加,极易使冲击体储存的弹性应变能与弹性区煤体及顶底板的驱动能量之和与冲击体破坏消耗的能量之比大于1,达到冲击地压灾害发生的临界值。

关键词：冲击地压巷道近场围岩能量释放能量驱动诱冲机制

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特长深埋隧道无线微震监测技术

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实验室研究与探索 2021年第2期40卷 80-84,101页

作者：王强肖亚勋姚志宾胡磊东北大学深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室沈阳110819 东北大学资源与土木工程学院沈阳110819 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩石力学与工程国家重点实验室武汉430071

设计了符合现场实际情况的无线微震实时监测预警系统方案,为巴玉隧道进、出口正洞和平导提供了安全预警技术。结果表明:对于特长深埋高岩爆风险隧道,利用无线网桥设备进行微震监测安全预警,可以实时掌握隧道内服务器及微震监测系统运行... 详细信息

设计了符合现场实际情况的无线微震实时监测预警系统方案,为巴玉隧道进、出口正洞和平导提供了安全预警技术。结果表明:对于特长深埋高岩爆风险隧道,利用无线网桥设备进行微震监测安全预警,可以实时掌握隧道内服务器及微震监测系统运行情况,微震系统采集数据可通过无线网桥传输到监测平台,以便及时处理,提高了微震监测预警工作效率;根据现场实际情况,无线网桥随着隧道掌子面开挖移动,并在隧道内任何地方可以实时实地访问信息,安装容易,节省建网时间;基于微震信息的时空演化规律可有效预警潜在岩爆风险的区域和等级,有效避免或降低了岩爆的发生,对现场岩爆进行更有效调控。

关键词：特长深埋岩爆复杂隧道无线网桥微震

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