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Variational Quality Control of Non-Gaussian Innovations in the GRAPES m3DVAR System: Mass Field Evaluation of Assimilation Experiments

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第9期38卷 1510-1524页

作者： Jie HE Xulin MA Xuyang GE Juanjuan LIU Wei CHENG Man-yau chan Ziniu XIAO Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory of Meteorological DisasterNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029China Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability TechniquesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16801USA

The existence of outliers can seriously influence the analysis of variational data *** control allows us to effectively eliminate or absorb these outliers to produce better analysis *** particular,variational quality control(VarQC) can process gray zone outliers and is thus broadly used in variational data assimilation *** this study,governing equations are derived for two VarQC algorithms that utilize different contaminated Gaussian distributions(CGDs): Gaussian plus flat distribution and Huber norm *** such,these VarQC algorithms can handle outliers that have non-Gaussian ***,these VarQC algorithms are implemented in the Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System(GRAPES) model-level three-dimensional variational data assimilation(m3 DVAR) *** using artificial observations indicate that the VarQC method using the Huber distribution has stronger robustness for including outliers to improve posterior analysis than the VarQC method using the Gaussian plus flat ***,real observation experiments show that the distribution of observation analysis weights conform well with theory,indicating that the application of VarQC is effective in the GRAPES m3 DVAR *** case study and longperiod data assimilation experiments show that the spatial distribution and amplitude of the observation analysis weights are related to the analysis increments of the mass field(geopotential height and temperature).Compared to the control experiment,VarQC experiments have noticeably better posterior mass ***,the VarQC method using the Huber distribution is superior to the VarQC method using the Gaussian plus flat distribution,especially at the middle and lower levels.

关键词： variational quality control non-Gaussian distribution innovation outlier data assimilation

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Surgical outcomes for unilateral superior oblique palsy in Chinese population: a retrospective study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第1期8卷 107-112页

作者： Gordon Shing Kin yau Victor Tak yau Tam Jacky Wai Yip Lee Theo Tak Kwong chan Can Yin Fun Yuen Department of Ophthalmology Caritas Medical Centre Department of Anatomy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong

AIM: To evaluate the outcome after surgery for unilateral superior oblique(SO) palsy in ***: The medical records of 39 patients that underwent surgery for unilateral SO palsy between January 2003 and December 2012 at Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong, were retrospectively reviewed. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Pre-operative assessments for vertical deviation, cyclo-deviation, and Knapp’s classification were obtained to determine the nature and degree of surgical *** deviation was measured at 1wk; 1, 6mo and on last follow-up day post-operatively. Cyclo-deviation was measured on last follow-up day ***: During the 10 y period, 39 subjects were recruited. The most common etiology was congenital(94.9%). Knapp’s Type III(66.7%) and Type I(12.8%)classifications were the most common subtypes. To treat SO palsy, the most common surgical procedures were:isolated inferior oblique(IO) anteriorization(41.0%),isolated IO myectomy(10.3%), and isolated IO recession(10.3%). At 3.5 ±2.1y post-operatively, the vertical deviation was significantly reduced(15.1 ±6.2 PD versus0.5±1.4 PD, P <0.0001) without significant improvement in cyclo-deviation(P =0.5). Initial vertical deviation was correlated with cyclo-torsion(r =0.4, P =0.007). Those with over-correction had greater initial vertical deviation(19.4±7.2 PD versus 13.2±4.3 PD, P =0.003). After a single operation, 84.6% of subjects achieved a vertical deviation within ±3 PD.· CONCLUSION: The majority of subjects achieved corrected vertical deviation after a single surgery although there was no improvement in *** with over-correction of primary position deviation had greater preoperative vertical deviation and it may be related to simultaneous multiple muscle surgery.

关键词： superior oblique palsy vertical deviation surgery diplopia

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Temperature distribution study during the friction stir welding process of Al2024-T3 aluminum alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第8期20卷 779-787页

作者： Y.H.yau A.Hussain R.K.Lalwani H.K.chan N.Hakimi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Malaya50603 KLMalaysia

Heat flux characteristics are critical to good quality welding obtained in the important engineering alloy A12024- T3 by the friction stir welding （FSW） process. In the present study, thermocouples in three different configurations were amxed on the welding samples to measure the temperatures： in the first configuration, four thermocouples were placed at equivalent positions along one side of the welding direction; the second configuration involved two equivalent thermocouple locations on either side of the welding path; while the third configuration had all the thermocouples on one side of the layout but with unequal gaps from the welding line. A three-dimensional, non-linear ANSYS computational model, based on an approach applied to A12024-T3 for the first time, was used to simulate the welding temperature profiles obtained experimentally. The experimental thermal profiles on the whole were found to be in agreement with those calculated by the ANSYS model. The broad agreement between the two kinds of profiles validates the basis for derivation of the simulation model and provides an approach for the FSW simulation in A12024-T3 and is potentially more useful than models derived previously.

关键词： aluminum alloys friction stir welding welds temperature distribution

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From open to laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a review of 16-year experience

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Chinese Medical Journal 1999年第12期 24-28页

作者： LO Chung yau and chan Wai Fun

Objective To review the experience with adrenal surgery which was associated with significant morbidity and notable mortality in the past, although laparoscopic approach is beginning to be accepted as the procedure of choice Methods The indications and results of adrenalectomy in 104 patients (36 men, 68 women) over the past 16 years were reviewed Any potential improvement of surgical results over time was analyzed Results Ninety three patients (89%) had functional problems while malignancy was present in 11 patients (11%) Anterior approach was employed in 27 patients, posterior in 56, lateral in 10, and laparoscopic in 11 One patient required conversion from laparoscopic to anterior approach No operative mortality was seen, but the morbidity occurred in 16 7% Complication rate decreased significantly in this study period (1981 1990 versus 1991 1996, 22% versus 5%; P =0 02) Laparoscopic adrenalec^tomy was successfully performed for 59% of the patients requiring adrenalectomy recently, compared to 68% of posterior adrenalectomy in the past Conclusions Adrenal surgery is a safe procedure, associated with acceptable morbidity, which has decreased over time Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is becoming the preferred approach for the majority of patients requiring adrenalectomy

关键词： Adrenal surgery ·indications ·complications · approaches

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BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： Michael W.Weible II Michael D.Lovelace Hamish D.Mundell tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia Discipline of Medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is *** was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory *** and meningeal-associated BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/*** immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,*** neurospheres were characterized by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal *** data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord development leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 1097-1106页

作者： Winnie Yeo Hang-Mei Lee Amy chan Emily YY chan Miranda CM chan Keeng-Wai chan Sharon WW chan Foon-Yiu Cheung Polly SY Cheung Peter HK Choi Josette SY Chor William WL Foo Wing-Hong Kwan Stephen CK Law Lawrence PK Li Janice WH Tsang Yuk Tung Lorna LS Wong Ting-Ting Wong Chun-Chung yau tsz-Kok yau Benny CY Zee Department of Clinical Oncology Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery Kwong Wah Hospital Diagnostix Pathology Laboratories Ltd Canossa Hospital Kowloon East Cluster Breast Centre Department of Surgery United Christian Hospital Department of Clinical Oncology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Private Clinical Oncologist Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre Hong Kong Baptist Hospital Comprehensive Oncology Centre Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Hong Kong Adventist Oncology Center Hong Kong Adventist Hospital Department of Clinical Oncology University of Hong Kong Department of Clinical Oncology Tuen Mun Hospital Private Surgeon Department of Clinical Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital

AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(< 40 years old) vs older patients(≥ 40 years old) for subsequent ***: Analysis on the sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older ***

关键词： Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry Breast cancer Younger Chinese women Sociodemographic characteristics Risk factors Clinicopathological characteristics Breast cancer treatment

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Rapid sterilisation and diabetic cutaneous regeneration using cascade bio-heterojunctions through glucose oxidase-primed therapy

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第7期25卷 748-765页

作者： Yi Deng Xumei Ouyang Jiyu Sun Xiuyuan Shi Yunfei Li yau Kei chan Weizhong Yang Shaojun Peng College of Biomedical Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital(Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University)ZhuhaiGuangdong519000China State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Department of Materials Imperial College LondonSW72AZLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Biomedical Engineering The City College of the City University of New YorkNew YorkUnited States Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Ophthalmology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The cutaneous wound in diabetic patients frequently encounters intractable pathogenic infections due to the hyperglycemia micromilieu which is conducive to bacterial growth and *** the extensive clinical use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections,the emergence of drug-resistant and super pathogens as well as the potential side effects of antibiotics have elicited alarming challenges to public *** address this daunting concern,we devise and develop a photo-activated cascade bio-heterojunctions(C-bio-HJs)for rapid sterilization and diabetic cutaneous *** the designed C-bio-HJs,photo-generated electron-hole pairs of graphite-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))are effectively separated with the marriage of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)),which achieves the augmented photodynamic antibacterial ***,glucose oxidase(GOx)tethered on the bio-HJs catalyzes glucose into hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in diabetic wounds for starvation ***,Mo4+enables the catalysis of H_(2)O_(2)into a highly effective hydroxyl radical(⋅OH)for chemodynamic-photothermal combined antibacterial *** in vitro and in vivo results authenticate the cascading antibacterial properties and skin regeneration-promoting effects of the C-bio-HJs,which provide a facile strategy to combat diabetic wound healing through the synergistic GOx-primed dynamic therapies.

关键词： Antibacterial therapy Bio-heterojunction g-C_(3)N_(4) Rapid sterilization Tissue regeneration

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Pancreatic melatonin enhances anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through regulating tumor-associated neutrophils infiltration and NETosis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1554-1567页

作者： yau-tuen chan Hor-yue Tan Yuanjun Lu Cheng Zhang Chien-shan Cheng Junyu Wu Ning Wang Yibin Feng School of Chinese Medicine the University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin HospitalShanghai 200025China

Tumor microenvironment contributes to poor prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD)*** regulation could improve *** is an endogenous hormone that delivers multiple *** we showed that pancreatic melatonin level is associated with patients'*** PAAD mice models,melatonin supplementation suppressed tumor growth,while blockade of melatonin pathway exacerbated tumor *** anti-tumor effect was independent of cytotoxicity but associated with tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs),and TANs depletion reversed effects of *** induced TANs infiltration and activation,therefore induced cell apoptosis of PAAD *** arrays revealed that melatonin had minimal impact on neutrophils but induced secretion of Cxcl2 from tumor *** of Cxcl2 in tumor cells abolished neutrophil migration and ***-induced neutrophils presented an N1-like anti-tumor phenotype,with increased neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)causing tumor cell apoptosis through cell-to-cell *** analysis revealed that this reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated inhibition was fueled by fatty acid oxidation(FAO)in neutrophils,while FAO inhibitor abolished the anti-tumor *** of PAAD patient specimens revealed that CXCL2 expression was associated with neutrophil ***2,or TANs,combined with NET marker,can better predict patients'***,we discovered an anti-tumor mechanism of melatonin through recruiting N1-neutrophils and beneficial NET formation.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Melatonin Anti-tumor immunity Tumor-associated neutrophils Tumor microenvironment CXCL2 Neutrophil extracellular traps NETosis

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Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health-EDRM):Developing the Research Field within the Sendai Framework Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 145-149页

作者： Sharon Tsoon Ting Lo Emily Ying Yang chan Gloria Kwong Wai chan Virginia Murray Jonathan Abrahams Ali Ardalan Ryoma Kayano Johnny Chung Wai yau Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC) The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Franois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health & Human Rights Harvard University Public Health England The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) Scientific Committee World Health Organization Tehran University of Medical Sciences World Health Organization Kobe Centre for Health Development Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong

The intersection of health and disaster risk reduction(DRR) has emerged in recent years as a field of critical *** is recognized as an outcome and a goal of DRR,and the integration of both fields is essential to ensure the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–*** Emergency and Disaster Risk Management(Health-EDRM) has emerged as an umbrella field that encompasses emergency and disaster medicine,DRR,humanitarian response,community health resilience,and health systems *** September 2016,an international group of experts met in Hong Kong to assess the current status and potential of the Health-EDRM research field,a research area that these scholars characterized as underdeveloped and *** challenges identified include research overlap,lack ofstrategic research agenda,absence of consensus regarding terminology,and limited coordination between *** Sendai Framework provides a useful paradigm within which to shape the research field's strategic *** WHO Thematic Platform for Health-EDRM Research Group was established to coordinate activities,promote information-sharing,develop partnerships,and provide technical advice to strengthen the Health-EDRM research *** group will promote the generation of robust and scientific health research to support the meaningful implementation of the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Health disaster risk reduction Health emergency and disaster risk management Health-EDRM Sendai Framework

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Chinese social media reaction to the MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H7N9) outbreaks

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 259-269,258页

作者： Isaac Chun-Hai Fung King-Wa Fu Yuchen Ying Braydon Schaible Yi Hao Chung-Hong chan Zion tsz-Ho Tse Department of Epidemiology Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public HealthGeorgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGeorgiaUSA Journalism and Media Studies Center The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Computer Science The University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Department of Biostatistics Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public HealthGeorgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGeorgiaUSA College of Engineering The University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA

Background:As internet and social media use have skyrocketed,epidemiologists have begun to use online data such as Google query data and Twitter trends to track the activity levels of influenza and other infectious *** China,Weibo is an extremely popular microblogging site that is equivalent to *** on the wealth of public opinion data contained in posts on Weibo,this study used Weibo as a measure of the Chinese people’s reactions to two different outbreaks:the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(MERS-CoV)outbreak,and the 2013 outbreak of human infection of avian influenza A(H7N9)in ***:Keyword searches were performed in Weibo data collected by The University of Hong Kong’s Weiboscope *** values were determined for each keyword and reaction values per million posts in the days after outbreak information was released to the ***:The results show that the Chinese people reacted significantly to both outbreaks online,where their social media reaction was two orders of magnitude stronger to the H7N9 influenza outbreak that happened in China than the MERS-CoV outbreak that was far away from ***:These results demonstrate that social media could be a useful measure of public awareness and reaction to disease outbreak information released by health authorities.

关键词： H7N9 logging Middle

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