This paper considers a theory and practices of Japanese manabi (学) as an alternative concept of learning in the era of post-globalization. Although the term manabi is widely used as the translation of learning and ...
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This paper considers a theory and practices of Japanese manabi (学) as an alternative concept of learning in the era of post-globalization. Although the term manabi is widely used as the translation of learning and Lernen in the field of pedagogy and in Japanese schools, it is important to understand its meaning, since the meaning of manabi is a comprehensive concept that differs semantically from the words learning, Lernen, and Bildung in the Western words. Faced with the globalization in the 21st century, there has been a tendency to promote educational reform and curriculum policies that could be characterized as "learnification" in which "21st century skills," "competency-based learning," and "learner-centered education" are emphasized. While the Western idea of learning that highlights active self is attractive to change classroom practices from the transmission of knowledge to an innovative style of active, collaborative, communicative learning, and problem-solving, Japanese education sustains traditional values that derive from selflessness and nothingness in Eastern philosophy.
AIM: To reveal the characteristics of CD133^+ cells in the liver, METHODS: This study examined the histological characteristics of CD133^+ cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic liver tissues by immunostaining, an...
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AIM: To reveal the characteristics of CD133^+ cells in the liver, METHODS: This study examined the histological characteristics of CD133^+ cells in non-neoplastic and neoplastic liver tissues by immunostaining, and also analyzed the biological characteristics of CD133^+ cells derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. RESULTS: Immunostaining reveated constant expression of CD133 in non-neoplastic and neoplastic biliary epithelium, and these cells had the immunophenotype CD133^+/CK19^+/HepPar-1. A small number of CD133^+/CK19/HepPar-1^+ cells were also identified in HCC and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. In addition, small ductal structures, resembling the canal of Hering, partly surrounded by hepatocytes were positive for CD133. CD133 expression was observed in three HCC (HUH7, PLC5 and HepG2) and two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (HuCCT1 and CCKS1). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) revealed that CD133^+ and CD133 cells derived from HuH7 and HuCCT1 cells similarly produced CD133^+ and CD133 cells during subculture. To examine the relationship between CD133^+ cells and the side population (SP) phenotype, FACS was performed using Hoechst 33342 and a monoclonal antibody against CD133. The ratios of CD133^+/CD133 cells were almost identical in the SP and non-SP in HUH7. In addition, four different cellular populations (SP/CD133^+, SP/CD133, nonP/CD133^+, and non- SP/CD133) could similarly produce CD133^+ and CD133- cells during subculture. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that CD133 could be a biliary and progenitor cell marker in vivo. However, CD133 alone is not sufficient to detect tumor-initiating cells in cell lines.
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