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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health *** text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September, 2023, in Antwerp, Belgium, participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem, particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence. There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care. It is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin. The implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications (ASMs) has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with *** To reduce OAE burden, enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health programmes at community, national, and international levels is required. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Furthermore, OAE should be included in the quantification of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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The impact of tropical land-use change on downstream riverine and estuarine water properties and biogeochemical cycles: a review

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 528-548页

作者： yasuaki Tanaka Elizerberth Minggat Wardina Roseli Environmental and Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamJalan Tungku LinkGadong BE1410Brunei Darussalam

Tropical primary forests have been disappearing quickly to make use of the land for commercial ***-use change has an impact on downstream aquatic processes,but those impacts have mainly been studied in temperate climate *** present article reviews the impacts of various tropical land-use changes caused by human activities on downstream riverine and estuarine water properties and biogeochemical cycles,focusing especially on the behaviors of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P).Logging of tropical primary forests,subsequent establishment of pasture lands,and occasional wildfire or intentional burning have decreased terrestrial N fixation and increased the discharge of P combined with soils,which has lowered the N:P ratio of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the adjacent stream waters and downstream *** fertilizers and aquacultural practices basically cause nutrient enrichment in downstream riverine and estuarine waters,changing the N:P ratio depending on the ***,urbanization causes eutrophication in many tropical estuaries,where a halocline forms easily because of a warm temperature throughout the year and the water at the bottom of the estuary tends to become hypoxic or ***,the impact of land-use change on aquatic processes may be more serious in tropical regions than in temperate or cold climate regions because of(1)a higher biomass and nutrient stock in original tropical forests;(2)higher precipitation,more frequent episodic flooding,and warmer temperatures in tropical regions;and(3)certain practices that are rapidly expanding in tropical regions such as land-based *** land-use changes are causing downstream nutrient enrichment or disturbance of the nutrient balance at tropical land-sea interfaces,and the overall N:P ratios in the aquatic ecosystem seem to be ***,if proper management is conducted and the discharge of nutrients and soils ceases,tropical aquatic systems may have the pote

关键词： Deforestation Land-use change Eutrophication Water quality Hypoxia Environmental monitoring Aquatic conservation Water resources

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LARGE EDDY SIMULATION (LES) OF TURBULENT FLOW BY FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第4期16卷 403-409页

作者： KWAG Seung Hyun DOI yasuaki PARK Jong Chun School of Applied System Engineering Halla University KoreaDepartment of Social and Environmental Engineering Hiroshima University Japan Department of Naval Arch and Ocean Engineering Pusan National University Korea

A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique was applied to solve the turbulentchannel flow for Re_τ = 150 . Three types of turbulence models are employed, such as theSmagorinsky model, the Dynamic Sub-Grid Scale(SGS) model and the Generalized Normal Stress (GNS)model. The simulated data in time series for the LES were averaged in both time and space to carryout the statistical analysis. Results of LES were compared with that of a DNS. As an application, aLES technique was used for 2D body in order to check the validation by investigating the turbulentvortical motion around the afterbody with a slant angle.

关键词： large eddy simulation (LES) turbulent flow finite difference method smagorinsky model dynamic sub-grid Scale ( SGS) model generalized normal stress (GNS) model

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A method for estimating the errors in many-light rendering with supersampling

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第2期5卷 151-160页

作者： Hirokazu Sakai Kosuke Nabata Shinya yasuaki Kei Iwasaki Wakayama University WakayamaWakayama640-8510Japan Dwango CG Research KADOKAWA Hongo Bldg.5245 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo1130033Japan

In many-light rendering, a variety of visual and illumination effects, including anti-aliasing,depth of field, volumetric scattering, and subsurface scattering, are combined to create a number of virtual point lights(VPLs). This is done in order to simplify computation of the resulting illumination. Naive approaches that sum the direct illumination from many VPLs are computationally expensive;scalable methods can be computed more efficiently by clustering VPLs, and then estimating their sum by sampling a small number of VPLs. Although significant speed-up has been achieved using scalable methods, clustering leads to uncontrollable errors, resulting in noise in the rendered images. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the estimation accuracy of manylight rendering involving such visual and illumination effects. We demonstrate that our method can improve the estimation accuracy by a factor of 2.3 over the previous method.

关键词： anti-aliasing depth of field many-light rendering participating media

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Numerical investigation on the flow and power of small-sized multi-bladed straight Darrieus wind turbine

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第9期8卷 1414-1421页

作者： JIANG Zhi-chao DOI yasuaki ZHANG Shu-you College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Hangshen Holding Group Co.. Ltd Hangzhou 311234 China Graduate School of Engineering. Hiroshima UniversiO＇ Higashi-hiroshima Hiroshima 739-852 7 Japan

Straight Darrieus wind turbine has attractive characteristics such as the ability to accept wind from random direction and easy installation and maintenance. But its aerodynamic performance is very complicated,especially for the existence of dynamic stall. How to get better aerodynamic performance arouses lots of interests in the design procedure of a straight Darrieus wind turbine. In this paper,mainly the effects of number of blades and tip speed ratio are discussed. Based on the numerical investigation,an assumed asymmetric straight Darrieus wind turbine is proposed to improve the averaged power coefficient. As to the numerical method,the flow around the turbine is simulated by solving the 2D unsteady Navier-Stokes equation combined with continuous equation. The time marching method on a body-fitted coordinate system based on MAC (Marker-and-Cell) method is used. O-type grid is generated for the whole calculation domain. The characteristics of tangential and normal force are discussed related with dynamic stall of the blade. Averaged power coefficient per period of rotating is calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the turbine.

关键词： Small-sized Straight Darrieus wind turbine Multi-bladed Power coefficient

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Psychological potential field and human eye fixation on binary line-drawing images: A comparative experimental study

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Computational Visual Media 2020年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Naoyuki Awano Yuki hayashi Osaka University of Economics OsakaOsaka533-8533Japan Osaka Prefecture University SakaiOsaka599-8531Japan

Quantitatively evaluating the psychological and perceptual effects of objects is an important issue,but is difficult. In cognitive studies, the psychological potential field(PPF), which represents psychological intensities in vision and can be calculated by applying computational algorithms to digital images, may help with this issue. Although studies have reported using the PPF to evaluate psychological effects, such as impressions, detailed investigations on how the PPF represents psychological perception and its limitations have not yet been performed. Another relevant tool is the fixation map, which visualizes human eye fixations;this map is generated from actual measurements acquired by eye-tracking and does not represent psychological effects directly. Although the PPF and the fixation map are based on visual imaging, they have never been compared. In this paper, we do so for the first time, using psychological and perceptual properties of line-drawing images. The results demonstrate the difference between these methods, including their representation of different properties with respect to visual perception. Moreover, the similarity between the two methods highlights the possibility of assessing perceptual phenomena such as categorization and cognition of objects based on human vision.

关键词： psychological potential field(PPF) eye fixation eye-tracking visual perception line drawing

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Study on Distribution of Four Pseudomonas Species in Living Environment Using Multiplex PCR

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 77-86页

作者： Sachiyo hayashi Koji Umezawa Osamu Tsuzukibashi Akira Fukatsu Mana Fuchigami Chiaki Komine Hiroshi Yamamoto Mio Hagiwara-Hamano Yukiko Iizuka Satoshi Uchibori Masanobu Wakami Hiroshi Murakami Taira Kobayashi Masahiko Fukumoto Takato Nomoto Department of Special Needs Dentistry Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine for Dentistry for the Compromised Patient Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan Department of Oral Surgery Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan Department of Fixed Prosthodontics Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan Department of Oral Implantology Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo Chiba Japan

Purpose: The genus Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous microorganism frequently detected from immunocompromised patients. The inherent resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents contributes to the opportunistic character of this pathogen exhaustive monitoring of this pathogen is considered of critical importance to public health organizations. The reliable identification method able to distinguish genetic close Pseudomonas species is needed, because these organisms are difficult to differentiate by phenotypic or biochemical methods. The purpose of the present study was to design species-specific primers in order to identify and detect four Pseudomonas species which are frequently detected from the human oral cavities, and to investigate the distribution of these organisms in the living environment using a multiplex PCR. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed based on partial sequences of the rpoD gene of four Pseudomonas species. Swab samples were collected from fifty washstands, and the distribution of Pseudomonas species was investigated using a conventional PCR at genus level and a multiplex PCR at species level. Results: Multiplex PCR method developed in this study was able to distinguish four Pseudomonas species clearly. The genus Pseudomonas was detected from all samples (100%), whereas P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens were detected at 44%, 8%, 4% and 2% in fifty swab samples, respectively. Conclusion: Our developed one-step multiplex PCR method is accurate, specific, cost-effective, time-saving, and works without requiring DNA extraction. It was indicated that washstands were the uninhabitable environment for P. putida, P, aeruginosa, P. stutzeri and P. fluorescens.

关键词： Genus Pseudomonas Multiplex PCR Living Environment

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Finite Abelian Groups of K3 Surfaces with Smooth Quotient

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2023年第1期44卷 99-162页

作者： Taro hayashi Faculty of Agriculture Kindai UniversityNakamaticho 3327-204NaraNara 631-8505Japan

The quotient space of a K3 surface by a finite group is an Enriques surface or a rational surface if it is *** groups where the quotient space are Enriques surfaces are *** this paper,by analyzing effective divisors on smooth rational surfaces,the author will study finite groups which act faithfully on K3 surfaces such that the quotient space are *** particular,he will completely determine effective divisors on Hirzebruch surfaces such that there is a finite Abelian cover from a K3 surface to a Hirzebrunch surface such that the branch divisor is that effective ***,he will decide the Galois group and give the way to construct that Abelian cover from an effective divisor on a Hirzebruch ***,he studies the same theme for Enriques surfaces.

关键词： K3 surface Finite Abelian group Abelian cover of a smooth rational surface

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Changes of integrin expression in rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 3′-Me-DAB

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第2期6卷 231-233页

作者： hayashi KeiKi Department of Pathology Okayarna UniversityJapan

AIM To investigate the expression of integrinsin rats liver during 3’-Me-DAB inducedhepatocarcinogenesis and to find out therelationship between integrins and liver *** The expressions of integrins α1,α2,α3 and α5 and epidermal keratin（EK）wereobserved by immunohistochemical PAP *** In the normal liver tissues,hepatocytes express integrins α1 and α5 and inthe bile duct epithlium,*** liver cirrhosis,hepatocytes highly express integrins α1,α2,α3and α5 and in hyperplastic bile duct epithelium,integrins α1,α5 and *** of integrinsα1,α2,α3 and α5 were obviously decreased in thepreneoplastic nodules and primary carcinomabut expressions of integrins α1 and α5 inmetastasis in the lung and diaphragma werehigher than those in primary *** Integrins α1 and α5 may play amajor role in chemically inducedhepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis in rats.

关键词： integrins 3′-Me-DAB liver neoplasm/chemically induced neoplasm metastasis rats

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Re-evaluation of physical interaction between plant peroxisomes and other organelles using live-cell imaging techniques

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第7期61卷 836-852页

作者： Kazusato Oikawa Makoto hayashi Yasuko hayashi Mikio Nishimura Biomacromolecules Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2-1 HirosawaWakoSaitama 351-0198Japan Department of Bioscience Nagahama Institute of Bio-Scie nee and Technology1266 Tamura-ChoNagahama 526-0829Japan Department of Biology Faculty of scienceNiigata UniversityNiigata 950-2181Japan Department of Cell Biology National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazaki 444-8585Japan

The dynamic behavior of organelles is essential for plant survival under various environmental conditions. Plant organelles, with various functions,migrate along actin filaments and contact other types of organelles, leading to physical interactions at a specific site called the membrane contact site. Recent studies have revealed the importance of physical interactions in maintaining efficient metabolite flow between *** this review, we first summarize peroxisome function under different environmental conditions and growth stages to understand organelle interactions. We then discuss current knowledge regarding the interactions between peroxisome and other organelles, i.e., the oil bodies, chloroplast, and mitochondria from the perspective of metabolic and physiological regulation, with reference to various organelle interactions and techniques for estimating organelle interactions occurring in plant cells.

关键词： physical interaction plant peroxisomes live-cell

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