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Effects of warming and drought stress on the growth characteristics,photosynthetic-transpiration rates,and yield of winter wheat

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 121-129页

作者： Qian Li Yang Gao Abdoul Kader Mounkaila hamani Guangshuai Wang Junming Liu Yuanyuan Fu Xingpeng Wang College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering Tarim UniversityAlar 843300XinjiangChina Institute of Farmland Irrigation Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002HenanChina

Climate change has limited crop productivity *** crop response to global climate changes is vital to maintaining agricultural sustainable development.A two-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of warming and drought on crop growth and winter wheat yield *** results showed that both warming and drought shortened the crop growth period,reduced the leaf area index,and increased winter wheat biomass *** sufficient water supply conditions,warming would increase photosynthetic and transpiration rates and water use efficiency,while under water deficit conditions,the opposite was *** warming conditions,the grain yield of the water deficit treatment was 8.9%lower than that of the sufficient water supply *** non-warming conditions,the grain yield of water deficit treatment was 12.4%lower than that of the sufficient water *** the conditions of water-sufficient supply,the grain yield of the warming treatment was 4.4%lower than that of the non-warming treatment,and under the conditions of water deficit,the grain yield of the warming treatment was 1.3%lower than that of the non-warming *** tends to decrease wheat growth and grain yield,but sufficient water supply could improve winter wheat’s water use efficiency and reduce the warming limitation on wheat production.

关键词： winter wheat warming leaf area index photosynthetic rate yield biomass

Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Infections in Sickle Cell Children in Two Referral Hospitals in Niamey, Niger

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 36-42页

作者： Kamaye Moumouni Samaila Aboubacar Garba Moumouni Georges Thomas Ibrahim Mamoudou Abdou Djafar Mamane Halima Hamadou Ibrahim hamani Issaka Djibrilla Almoustapha Amadou Yacouba Abdourahamane Marou Soumana Boubacar Moussa Saley Sahada Bade Malam Abdou Soumana Alido Service de Pédiatrie A H&#244pital National de Niamey Niamey Niger Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Service de Pédiatrie H&#244pital national Amirou Boubacar Diallo Niamey Niger Service d’Onco-Hématologie H&#244pital national de Niamey Niamey Niger Service de Biologie Médicale H&#244pital national Amirou Boubacar Diallo Niamey Niger

Introduction: Infections are significant causes of mortality in sickle cell children in resource-limited countries. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and bacterial ecology of infections in children with sickle-cell disease in two referral hospitals in Niamey. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2020 in two referral hospitals in Niamey. All children aged one (1) to 15 years with sickle cell disease admitted for suspected infection, including at least one bacterial culture, were studied. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the appropriate culture media, using BactAlert (Reference 4700003 BTA3D60 BioMérieux). Results: Over 36-months, 350 children with a mean age of 10.9 months were admitted. The sex ratio was 1.2. The SS electrophoretic profile was the most common (93.4%). Immunization status was up to date in 66% of patients. Fever was the common reason for consultation (55.1%). Infection was confirmed in 62 patients (17.7%). The primary diagnoses were bacterial gastroenteritis (24.2%) and urinary tract infection (19.4%). Blood cultures were isolated from Salmonella typhi (13.0%) and Escherichia coli (8.7%). Klebsiella spp (7.1%) and Escherichia coli (5.0%) were detected in cytobacteriological examination of urine. Salmonella typhi (23.5%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%) were isolated on coproculture. Conclusion: Bacterial ecology appears not different from that usually observed in sickle-cell children. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were predominant.

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Child Infection Niger

Elaboration of AlSi10Mg casting alloys using directional solidification processing

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第5期22卷 509-515页

作者： Khadoudja Ghedjati Eric Fleury Mohamed Seghir hamani Mostefa Benchiheub Khaider Bouacha Bernard Bolle Systems and Advanced Materials Laboratory (LASMA) Department of Physics Faculty of Science Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba Microstructure Investigation and Material Mechanic Laboratory (LEM3) CNRS Lorraine-Metz University Faculty of Science Souk Ahras University Foundry Research Laboratory (LRF) Department of Physics Faculty of Science Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba

The effects of pulling velocity on the solidification behavior and microstructural parameters of A1Sil0Mg alloys prepared in a Bridgman-type directional solidification furnace were investigated. The microstructure, particularly the secondary dendritic arm spacing （SDAS）, and the Brinell hardness （BH） of the solidified A1Sil0Mg alloys were characterized for samples with cylindrical shapes and differ- ent conicities （θ = 0°, 5°, and 10°）. Microstructural studies revealed an increased density of ct-A1 phase dendrites and a decreased interden- dritic distance with increasing pulling velocity. The dendrites were found to be preferentially oriented along the pulling direction for low pulling velocities. For larger pulling velocities, the dendrites grew first in the cooling direction but then broke as others nucleated and coars- ened. The HB values of the solidified samples increased as the pulling velocity increased. In regard to sample conicity, smaller dendrites were observed for an apex angle of θ = 5°, resulting in the largest HB value. This result was interpreted in terms of the favorable orientation of the dendrite along the pulling direction.

关键词： aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys directional solidification Bridgman technique mierostructure hardness heat flow growth

Growth and nitrogen productivity of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different nitrogen fertigation strategies in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 908-922页

作者： Sunusi Amin ABUBAKAR Abdoul Kader Mounkaila hamani WANG Guang-shuai LIU Hao Faisal MEHMOOD Abubakar Sadiq ABDULLAHI GAO Yang DUAN Ai-wang Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002P.R.China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081P.R.China Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchi 740272Nigeria

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the main cause of N loss and poor use efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP).Drip fertigation is considered to be an effective method for improving N use efficiency and reducing losses,while the performance of drip fertigation in winter wheat is limited by poor N scheduling.A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth,development and yield of drip-fertigated winter wheat under different split urea (46%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) *** six treatments consisted of five fertigation N application scheduling programs and one slow-release fertilizer (SRF) *** five N scheduling treatments were N0–100 (0%at sowing and 100%at jointing/booting),N25–75 (25%at sowing and 75%at jointing and booting),N50–50(50%at sowing and 50%at jointing/booting),N75–25 (75%at sowing and 25 at jointing/booting),and N100–0 (100%at sowing and 0%at jointing/booting).The SRF (43%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) was only used as fertilizer at *** N application significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat grain yield,yield components,aboveground biomass (ABM),water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The N50–50 and SRF treatments respectively had the highest yield(8.84 and 8.85 t ha^(-1)),ABM (20.67 and 20.83 t ha^(-1)),WUE (2.28 and 2.17 kg m^(-3)) and NPFP (36.82 and 36.88 kg kg^(-1)).This work provided substantial evidence that urea-N applied in equal splits between basal and topdressing doses compete economically with the highly expensive SRF for fertilization of winter wheat *** the single-dose SRF could reduce labor costs involved with the traditional method of manual spreading,the drip fertigation system used in this study with the N50–50 treatment provides an option for farmers to maintain wheat production in the NCP.

关键词： split nitrogen strategies wheat yield drip fertigation water use efficiency nitrogen use efficiency

Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Infections in Sickle Cell Children in Two Referral Hospitals in Niamey, Niger

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盐胁迫下棉花幼苗（Gossypium hirsutum L.）对外源甜菜碱和水杨酸的生理生化特性响应

Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2024年第1期

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盐胁迫下棉花幼苗（Gossypium hirsutum L.）对外源甜菜碱和水杨...

作者： Mounkaila hamani Abdoul Kader 中国农业科学院

学位级别：硕士

土壤盐分的升高(尤其是NaCl所引起的)是极为严重的非生物胁迫,抑制了全球约20%灌溉土地的植物生产力。棉花是当今世界上公认的规模最大的纺织纤维,也是重要的耐盐作物,已成为盐碱地主要的栽培作物。甜菜碱(Glycine betaine,GB)是一种具... 详细信息

土壤盐分的升高(尤其是NaCl所引起的)是极为严重的非生物胁迫,抑制了全球约20%灌溉土地的植物生产力。棉花是当今世界上公认的规模最大的纺织纤维,也是重要的耐盐作物,已成为盐碱地主要的栽培作物。甜菜碱(Glycine betaine,GB)是一种具有活跃渗透能力的化合物,在植物抵御高寒和高盐等非生物胁迫过程发挥着重要作用,水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)是一种在调节植物多种生理和生化特性中占有重要地位的植物激素,可以影响植物应对非生物胁迫响应过程。深入研究盐分胁迫条件下喷施甜菜碱(GB)及水杨酸(SA)对棉花植株生理、生化特性的影响过程,探索喷施外源物质对棉花适应盐分胁迫的调控机理,对于补充完善施用外源物质(如GB和SA)对棉花耐盐能力调控理论具有重要的理论与实践意义。本研究旨在探讨叶面喷施甜菜碱(GB)和水杨酸(SA)对高盐(NaCl)胁迫条件下棉花幼苗生理生化特性的影响。在150 mM NaCl条件下,喷施外源GB设置3个处理(GB浓度分别为2.5、5.0和7.5 mM),喷施外源SA设置3个处理(SA浓度分别为1.0、1.5和2.0 mM),不喷施外源物质的处理1个,另外设置没有盐胁迫且不施加外源物质作为对照处理(CK)。通过系统的人工气候室内盆栽试验,取得了以下主要结果:(1)盐胁迫不仅显著降低了叶片的气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数,还降低了光合色素含量。与不喷施外源物质的盐分处理以及CK处理相比,叶面喷施中浓度(5.0 mM)GB处理和喷施低浓度(1.0mM)SA处理均可显著提高棉花叶片气体交换、叶绿素含量、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及内源GB和SA含量。NaCl胁迫诱导抗氧化酶升高,与不喷施外源物质的盐分胁迫(150 mM NaCl)处理相比,喷施外源GB处理和喷施SA处理均显著提高了棉苗谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量。对于所有的外源GB和SA处理,中剂量(5.0 mM)的GB使叶片的光系统最大光化学效率(F/F)均达到峰值。NaCl胁迫下叶面喷施GB和SA,叶片的光合速率和F/F与叶绿素a、b含量呈正相关关系。根据试验结果,我们认为5.0 mM GB和1.0 mM SA是较适宜的外源物质浓度,通过喷施外源物质能够通过提升叶片光合作用、光合色素含量以及抗氧化酶活性来减轻NaCl胁迫对棉苗的负面影响。(2)与CK相比,150 mM NaCl处理导致Na在根系和地上部显著累积,并降低了K、Ca和Mg含量以及根系和地上部的生物量。与无外源物质的盐处理相比,所有喷施外源GB和SA处理使得上述离子含量发生明显地逆向变化,并提高了根系和地上部的生物量。NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施中浓度GB(5.0 mM)和喷施低浓度SA(1.0 mM)处理均可有效减轻Na毒害并显著促进棉花生物量积累。NaCl胁迫不仅降低了棉花株高、叶面积和叶水势等植株指标,而且影响棉花根系和地上部的全氮含量,与不喷施外源物质的NaCl胁迫处理相比,喷施5 mM的GB处理和1.0 mM的SA处理均提高了棉花株高、叶面积、叶水势及根系和地上部植株全氮质量分数。总体上来看,150 mM NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施5.0 mM的GB对降低棉苗水力导度损失率(PLC)更为有效;喷施外源GB只增加了内源GB浓度,而叶面喷施SA可以显著提高内源GB和SA浓度。

关键词：棉花水杨酸甜菜碱光合生物量 NaCl胁迫

Physico-Chemical and Isotopic (¹⁸O, ²H and ³H) Characterization of the Upper Dallol Maouri Watershed (Niger)

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第8期12卷 613-639页

作者： Abdoul Hayou Habi hamani Mahaman Moustapha Adamou Issoufou Sandao Halidou Alassane Hado Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger Faculty of Science and Technics Abdou Moumouny University Niamey Niger

Dallol Maouri is one of the fossil valleys on the left bank of the Niger River. Its watershed drains water from valleys in the Tahoua and Dosso regions of Niger. The watercourse is not continuous and has areas of surface water accumulation (ponds) and areas of spreading and infiltration. The surface water potential in this area is limited, with most of the ponds having a temporary to the semi-permanent regime. Groundwater resources are, therefore, the main sources of withdrawal for human food, agriculture, and livestock. Climate change through the variation in rainfall, the often-anarchic multiplication of catchment works (wells and boreholes) and agricultural activities can have impacts on the qualitative and quantitative evolution of surface and groundwater. The objective of this study is to characterize the surface and underground water of the upper dallol Maouri through the physicochemical parameters of the water and the use of the isotopes of the water molecule (18O, 2H and 3H). A total of 53 water samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the Regional Directorate of Hydraulics and Sanitation of Tillabéri (Niger) for chemical parameters and 73 samples were analyzed at the Radio Analysis and Environment Laboratory (LRAE) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) of Tunis for isotopy. The water of the ponds is characterized by three types of facies: calcium bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium bicarbonate, and calcium nitrate chloride. The groundwater is 75% of the chloride-nitrate-calcium facies and the CT3/CT2 groundwater is calcium and magnesium bicarbonate. The results of the stable isotopes made it possible to highlight the presence of four distinct water groups: ponds characterized by highly evaporated water, the sheets of Continental Terminal 1 and 2 (CT1 and CT2) with an isotopic cachet of old water, the water table consisting of a two-layer system in the southwestern part of the area. The water is not very mineral

关键词： Dallol Maouri Physicochemistry Isotopy Ponds Groundwater Continental Terminal

Hydrodynamic Characterization of the Water Table of the Upper Dallol Maouri Basin (Niger)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2023年第2期13卷 77-93页

作者： Habi hamani Abdoul-Hayou Adamou Mahaman Moustapha Sandao Issoufou Alassane Hado Halidou Faculty of Agronomy Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger Faculty of Sciences and Technics Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger

The Dallol Maouri is a valley of an ancient tributary of the Niger River. The groundwater in this area of the upper Dallol Maouri is little known because of the weakness of the data. The purpose of this study is to make a hydrodynamic characterization of the water table of the upper dallol Maouri by piezometric approach. A piezometric monitoring network made up of 65 points (54 wells and 11 piezometers) was set up. Six (6) piezometric measurement campaigns were carried out from June 2018 to June 2021. The piezometric survey is carried out once every six months: in January and June corresponding respectively to the high and low water period. The results show that the water table is multi-layered in places with a combination of alluvial and Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifers, or perched aquifers and inferoflux aquifers around permanent ponds. The flow direction of the Continental Terminal 3 (CT3) aquifer is mainly North-East/South-West. The piezometric levels are around 219 m (in the South-West part) and 281 m (in the North-East part). The hydraulic gradient varies from 0.018‰ to 1.83‰. The recharge zones are located in the outcrop zone of the aquifer and in the valleys. A lack of recharge is observed on the plateaus despite the presence of numerous permanent ponds. The recharge coefficient in 2020 is estimated at 25% of the total rainfall recorded.

关键词： Aquifer Piezometry Pond Recharge Isotopic

Comparative Study of Two Methods of Induction of Estrus and Fertility Following Artificial Insemination in Azawak Zebu in Niger

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第5期7卷 527-531页

作者： Issa Moumouni Marichatou hamani Semita Carlo Nervo Tiziana Yenikoye Alhassane Cristofori Francesco Trucchi Gabriella Facultd des Sciences Universitd A bdou Moumouni Niamey BP10662 Niger Facultd d'Agronomie Universitd Abdou Moumouni Niamey BP 10960 Niger Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Universith di Torino Via Leonardo da Vinci 44 Grugliasco 10095 Italy

A comparative of two induction methods of estrus induction and fertility has been carried out on 28 females Azawak zebu in Niger. This study mains chiefly and identifying the most effective method for better inseminations. The females have been divided into two sets following two intra-vaginal devices used. Two sub-sets of 7 females have been formed according to the PMSG dose associated with the treatment. Two inseminations have been carried out. The results are as follows： response to the induction： PRIDe, 57.14%; CIDR-B, 61.53%. Fertility rate： PRIDe, 28.57%; CIDR-B, 38.46%. There has been no significant difference to the estrus induction and fertility, between the PRIDe and the CIDR-B synchronization. Since the two methods virtually lead to the same response rate, the stock breeder can choose one of the methods depending on the cost and by paying attention to the feeding and less stressful factors.

关键词： Estrus induction insemination fertility Azawak Zebu Niger.